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7.1 Heat 2025

This document covers the concepts of heat transfer through conduction and convection, explaining how heat energy moves from hotter to colder areas via particle motion. It distinguishes between heat and temperature, defines absolute zero, and describes the roles of conductors and insulators in heat transfer. The document also introduces convection currents and radiation, emphasizing the importance of understanding the particle model of matter in these processes.

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5 views24 pages

7.1 Heat 2025

This document covers the concepts of heat transfer through conduction and convection, explaining how heat energy moves from hotter to colder areas via particle motion. It distinguishes between heat and temperature, defines absolute zero, and describes the roles of conductors and insulators in heat transfer. The document also introduces convection currents and radiation, emphasizing the importance of understanding the particle model of matter in these processes.

Uploaded by

epric62
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7.

1 Heat transfer – conduction & convection

Learning Intentions Success Criteria Learner Attributes


• Explain how heat energy By the end of this topic, I will
is transferred by be able to:
conduction and • Recall that heat is the transfer
convection in terms of the of thermal energy from hotter
to colder areas.
motion of particles. • Describe the process of
conduction, including thermal
conductivity and insulation.
• Describe the process of
convection, including
convection current.
The particle model of matter
• Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred
through solids, liquids and gases.
• In order to understand this energy transfer, we
need to know the particle model of matter.
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles known as
atoms.
2. Particles of matter are constantly in motion.
3. Particles of matter attract each other.
4. Particles of matter have spaces between them.
5. As temperature increases, particles of matter
move faster.
Solid – particles packed closely

Liquid – Particles close together but moving past each other

Gas – Particles are moving fast- spread out to fill the space

When we heat a substance, we add energy to the particles, and they vibrate faster
Heat & Temperature
Do our hands make good thermometers?

• Collect 3 large bowls or tubs of water.


• One hot (as hot as you can safely stand), one with ice
water and one with lukewarm water.
• Predict the temperature of each tub.
• Put one hand in hot and one in cold and leave for 1
minute.
• Immediately put both hands in lukewarm tub.
• What do you feel?
Heat & Temperature
• Heat is a form of energy
• Often heat is confused with
temperature
• Temperature is a measure of the
average kinetic energy of the
particles, commonly measured in
Celsius (℃)
• Heat is a measure of the total
thermal energy a substance has,
commonly measured in Joules ( 𝐽)
Absolute zero
• The particles of hotter substances
move faster than the particles of
cooler substances.
• As the temperature drops, particles
lose kinetic energy.
• Absolute zero is the temperature [-
273 oC] at which all particles cease
to vibrate.
Heat transfer
• Heat will always flow from higher temperature to lower temperature.
• Which direction is heating moving in these pictures?

➢ How is heat being transferred in each case?


Conduction & conductors
• Conduction is the movement of heat through one material, or through two materials that
are directly in contact with each other.
• As the atoms in a material vibrate/move around, they bump into other nearby atoms,
transferring kinetic energy from the faster particle (hotter part of the material) to the
slower particle (colder part of the material).
• This occurs in solids, liquids and gases.
Insulators
• Something that is a poor conductor
of heat is called an insulator
• Gases and still air are good insulators
• This is because there is so much
space between the particles that
they ‘rarely’ collide.
• This makes materials that trap
pockets of air good insulators.
Activity
Will a balloon filled
with water pop over
a candle?
Convection
• Occurs in liquids and gases
• Requires the movement of
particles
• Hot fluid is less dense and rises
• Cold fluid moves in to take its
place
• Convection currents are created
Radiation
• The hotter something is, the
more heat it radiates.
• When radiated energy hits a
surface:
• the heat may be
absorbed into the
surface
• reflected from the
surface
• transmitted through the
surface.
Complete:

7.1 Check your learning 1-5 p. 137

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