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Che 221 Acids and Bases Tutorial 1-2021-22

The document is a tutorial for a chemistry course focusing on acids and bases, including calculations for pH, equilibrium constants, and reactions involving various compounds. It includes tasks such as writing equations, determining pH values, and analyzing the effects of adding substances to solutions. Additionally, it covers buffer solutions, ionization percentages, and titration calculations.

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1 views5 pages

Che 221 Acids and Bases Tutorial 1-2021-22

The document is a tutorial for a chemistry course focusing on acids and bases, including calculations for pH, equilibrium constants, and reactions involving various compounds. It includes tasks such as writing equations, determining pH values, and analyzing the effects of adding substances to solutions. Additionally, it covers buffer solutions, ionization percentages, and titration calculations.

Uploaded by

Ngwenya Mk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chancellor Department of Chemistry

College

CHE 221

7 January 2022

TUTORIAL 1: ACIDS AND BASES

1. Methanoic acid, HCOOH, ionizes according to the equation below:

a) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Ka for the reaction.

b) Calculate the pH of a 0.25 M solution of HCOOH.


c) In the box below, complete the Lewis electron-dot diagram for HCOOH. Show all
bonding and nonbonding valence electrons.

d) In aqueous solution, the compound H2NNH2 reacts according to the equation above.
A 50.0 mL sample of 0.25 M H2NNH2 (aq) is combined with a 50.0 mL sample of
HCOOH (aq).
i. Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when
H2NNH2 is combined with HCOOH.
ii. Is the resulting solution acidic, basic or neutral? Justify your answer.
When a catalyst is added to a solution of HCOOH (aq), the reaction represented by
the following equation occurs.

e) Is the reaction a redox reaction? Justify your answer.

f) The reaction occurs in a rigid 4.3 L vessel at 25 °C, and the total pressure is
monitored, as shown in the graph above. The vessel originally did not contain any
gas. Calculate the number of moles of CO2 (g) produced in the reaction. (Assume the
amount of CO2 (g) dissolved in the solution is negligible).
g) After the reaction has proceeded for several minutes, does the amount of catalyst
increase, decrease or remain the same? Justify your answer.
2. Nitrogen monoxide, NO (g), can undergo further reactions to produce acids, such as HNO 2, a
weak acid with a Ka of 4.0 × 10-4 and pKa of 3.40.
a) A student is asked to make a buffer solution with a pH of 3.40 by using 0.100 M
HNO2 (aq) and 0.100 M NaOH (aq).
i. Explain why the addition of 0.100 M NaOH (aq) to 0.100 M HNO 2 can result
in the formation of a buffer solution. Include the net ionic equation that occurs
when the student adds the NaOH (aq) to the HNO2.
ii. Determine the volume, in mL, of a 0.100 M NaOH (aq) the student should add
to 100.0 mL of 0.100 M HNO2 (aq) to make a buffer solution with a pH of
3.40. Justify your answer.
b) A second student makes a buffer by dissolving 0.100 mol of NaNO 2 (aq) in 100.0 mL
of 1.00 M HNO2 (aq). Which is more resistant to changes in pH when a stronger acid
or a strong base is added, the buffer made by the second student or the buffer made by
the first student in part (a)? Justify your answer.
c) A new buffer is made using HNO 2 (aq) as one of the ingredients. A particulate
representation of a small representative portion of the buffer solution is shown below.
(Cations and water molecules are not shown). Is the pH of buffer represented in the
diagram greater than, less than, or equal to 3.40? Justify your answer.

3. The ionization of HF (aq) in water is represented by the equation below:

In a 0.0350 M HF (aq) solution, the percent ionization of HF is 13.0 percent.


a) Two particulate representations of the ionization of HF in the 0.0350 M HF (aq)
solution are shown below in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Water molecules are not shown.
Explain why the representation of the ionization of HF molecules in water in Figure 1
is more accurate than the representation in Figure 2. (The key below identifies the
particles in the representations).
b) Use the percent ionization data to above to calculate the value of Ka for HF.
c) If 50.0 mL of distilled water is added to 50.0 mL of 0.035 M HF (aq), will the percent
ionization of HF (aq) in the solution increase, decrease or remain the same? Justify
your answer with an explanation or calculation.
4. Calculate the pH of a 0.500 M solution of KCN. Ka for HCN is 5.8 x 10-10. What are the
possibilities for the dominant reaction? Which reaction controls the pH? Why?
5. What is the molarity of an NH4NO3 (aq) solution that has a pH = 4.80?
5. Potassium sorbate, KC6H7O2 (molar mass 150.0 g/mol) is commonly added to diet in soft
drinks as a preservative. A stock solution of KC 6H7O2 (aq) of known concentration must be
prepared. A student titrates 45.00 mL of the stock solution with 1.25 M HCl (aq) using both
indicator and a pH meter. The value of Ka for sorbic acid, HC6H7O2, is 1.7 × 10-5.
a) Write the net-ionic equation for the reaction between KC6H7O2 (aq) and HCl (aq).
b) A total of 29.95 mL of 1.25 M HCl (aq) is required to reach the equivalence point.
Calculate [KC6H7O2] in the stock solution.
c) The pH at the equivalence point of the titration is measured to be 2.54. Which of the
following indicators would be the best choice for determining the end point of the
titration? Justify your answer.
d) Calculate the pH at the half-equivalence point.
e) The pH of the soft drink is 3.37 after the addition of KC 6H7O2 (aq). Which species,
HC6H7O2 or C6H7O2- , has a higher concentration in the soft drink? Justify your
answer.

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