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devops interview

The document outlines a comprehensive approach to setting up a bare system, troubleshooting unresponsive servers, and utilizing monitoring tools like Grafana and Prometheus. It details automation scripts written for infrastructure management, CI/CD pipelines, and backup processes, as well as database clustering and load balancing concepts. The author emphasizes their hands-on experience with key DevOps tools and their alignment with the company's goals.

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poojanandish1993
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6 views

devops interview

The document outlines a comprehensive approach to setting up a bare system, troubleshooting unresponsive servers, and utilizing monitoring tools like Grafana and Prometheus. It details automation scripts written for infrastructure management, CI/CD pipelines, and backup processes, as well as database clustering and load balancing concepts. The author emphasizes their hands-on experience with key DevOps tools and their alignment with the company's goals.

Uploaded by

poojanandish1993
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

1.

There is a bare system, and you have to start from


scratch. What is your approach?
When setting up a bare system from scratch, the approach generally follows
these steps:
1. System Update & Patches: Ensure the OS is up to date with the
latest security patches (apt-get update or yum update).

2. Install Essential Packages: Install essential utilities like vim, curl,


git, wget, etc.

3. Set Up Network Configurations: Configure the network (e.g.,


setting static IP, DNS).

4. Security Hardening:

o Disable unused services.

o Set up firewalls (e.g., using ufw or firewalld).

o Set up fail2ban or similar tools for brute force protection.

5. User & Permissions Setup: Create user accounts, assign


permissions, and set up SSH keys for secure access.

6. Install Monitoring Tools: Install monitoring agents (e.g.,


Prometheus, Datadog) for resource and service monitoring.

7. Provision Required Software: Install necessary software for the


project (e.g., Docker, Kubernetes, web servers).

8. Automation Setup: Set up configuration management (e.g., Ansible,


Terraform) to automate further provisioning.

9. Backup & Recovery Setup: Set up backup tools (e.g., rsync, cron
jobs) for automated backups.

2. If a server is unresponsive, what is your approach to


troubleshoot?
 Check server’s health:

o Use ping to check network connectivity.

o Check if the system is up using tools like uptime or top (if


accessible).

 Check CPU/Memory Usage:


o Use top or htop to identify resource spikes.

o Check logs in /var/log for application-level issues.

 Check Network:

o Verify network configuration (ifconfig, ip addr).

o Check firewall settings using iptables or ufw.

 Check Disk Space:

o Ensure the disk is not full using df -h.

 Reboot the system if necessary, but only after identifying the root
cause.

3. What do you do in Grafana and Prometheus?


 Prometheus:

o Collect metrics from applications, infrastructure, and services.

o Set up alerting for defined thresholds using Prometheus


Alertmanager.

o Use Prometheus queries (PromQL) to fetch and analyze time-


series data.

 Grafana:

o Visualize metrics by creating dashboards using Prometheus as


a data source.

o Set up alerts and notifications based on thresholds (e.g., CPU


usage, disk space).

o Share dashboards with team members to monitor critical


services in real time.

4. Did you set up the Grafana dashboard from scratch or


was it earlier there? If you got an opportunity, will you do
it?
 If the Grafana dashboard was pre-existing, I would review and fine-
tune it to ensure it meets the required monitoring needs.

 If given the opportunity to set it up from scratch, I would:

a. Set up Prometheus as a data source.


b. Define key metrics and alerting rules (e.g., CPU usage,
memory consumption, request rates).

c. Design dashboards based on the services and applications that


need monitoring.

d. Implement alerting based on thresholds and integrate with


communication channels (e.g., Slack, email).

e. Continuously improve dashboards based on feedback from the


team.

5. Any feature you have explored in Prometheus?


 Alerting Rules: Setting up custom alerting rules to monitor specific
metrics, such as memory usage or HTTP request errors.

 PromQL: Writing complex queries using Prometheus Query Language


(PromQL) to extract meaningful insights from time-series data.

 Service Discovery: Prometheus can automatically discover services


running in Kubernetes or EC2 instances using service discovery
mechanisms.

 PushGateway: Used for monitoring batch jobs or jobs that don't run
continuously by pushing metrics to Prometheus.

6. What automation scripts have you written?


 Infrastructure Automation: Using Terraform to provision cloud
resources like EC2 instances, S3 buckets, RDS databases, etc.

 Configuration Management: Writing Ansible playbooks for


provisioning, configuring, and managing software on servers.
 CI/CD Pipelines: Automating the deployment pipeline using Jenkins
(Groovy scripts for pipeline definitions) to build, test, and deploy
applications.

 Backup Automation: Writing Bash scripts or Python scripts to


automate the backup of databases or important files to cloud storage.

7. How to integrate Grafana in Prometheus?


1. Install Grafana: Install Grafana on a server using either a package
manager (apt-get install grafana) or Docker.

2. Add Prometheus as a Data Source: In Grafana, go to Data


Sources, select Prometheus, and add the Prometheus server URL.
3. Create Dashboards: After connecting to Prometheus, create Grafana
dashboards to visualize the Prometheus metrics (e.g., CPU usage,
request rates).

4. Set Alerts: In Grafana, configure alerts based on the data provided by


Prometheus metrics.

8. Have you done clustering in the database?


Yes, database clustering typically involves:
 Database Clusters: Setting up high availability (HA) by clustering
databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB to distribute data and
ensure failover.

 Replication: Configuring master-slave replication or multi-master


replication to synchronize data across multiple instances.

 Sharding: Splitting large datasets across multiple databases for


scaling.

9. What about load balancer?


 Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers to ensure
high availability and reliability of services.

 Types of Load Balancers:

o Classic Load Balancer (CLB): Distributes traffic at the


transport layer (Layer 4).

o Application Load Balancer (ALB): Operates at the application


layer (Layer 7), allowing for advanced routing, such as based on
URL paths or headers.
o Network Load Balancer (NLB): Handles high-volume traffic at
Layer 4, typically used for TCP/UDP traffic.

10. I have told about company, why would you think you’re
a better fit here?
I believe I am a good fit for your company because:
 I have hands-on experience with core DevOps tools like Terraform,
Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, and AWS.

 I have worked in a collaborative team environment, automating


deployment pipelines, managing infrastructure, and improving system
reliability.
 I understand the importance of continuous integration, continuous
deployment, and infrastructure as code, which aligns with the
company’s goals.

 I am passionate about cloud-native technologies and have


experience in setting up scalable and reliable systems.

11. In all DevOps tools, which one do you know best?


I have a deep understanding and hands-on experience with Terraform for
provisioning and managing infrastructure. I am also very comfortable with
Docker for containerization, Jenkins for CI/CD pipelines, and Kubernetes
for orchestration. However, Terraform stands out as one of my strongest
tools due to my experience with infrastructure-as-code and managing cloud
resources effectively.

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