[AU NyD re a 2013, A.U.Trichy A/M 20h (AU NID 2015 i N/D 2011][4.U N/D 2014 SNM (R8-10)] [A.U My 2016 (R80! faa [A.U 7 Solution : We have to find the derivat M/J 2016 (nisi which is the starting point of the given ae are at the point x = . Therefore, we use Newton” forward interpolation formula. a ~ Maa.: 4( DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION ES wnt ed difference table yoo y =f) Here, x9=1.5,¥0=3.375, A yo=3.625, 5, Ay 3, A? yy=0.75 and h=05 (ay =f al 2,42 eee ae ] ia. L' G0) = JAY 7A V0 + ZA yo ah y+ | 2 f's) = as [36 5-5) 7 = 475 dy on 1 | = 5") = [¥ a ~ suas . 1 _oni- f"' (1.5) oxy 8 0.75] @y| a. =f aed 4, [a°v—Fatm+ -] f'''sy are ee oo | sy 5 (0.75) =64 i) Tre il Be aluate, Soe dx by (i) Trapezoidal rule (ii) Simpson ; ‘also check up the results by actual integration. [AU ND y ys ) [AU CBT N/D 2010, CBT A/M 2011, Tvli AM 2011, Np a ri™ I) “Solution : Here, b—a@ = 6-0 = 6. Divide into 6 equal Parts 6 h= 67 1. Hence, the table is There are 7 ordinates (n = 6). We can use all the formula. (i) By Trapezoidal rule, 6 t= fsa =1 10 + oo2m27 +205 +02 401 ol+x° 2 + 0.058824 + 0.038462)] 1.41079950 (ii) By Simpson’s one-third rule, 3100 +6) +25 ta) +4(y, +y3 + ys)] 1+0.02 ) 3 I 7027) + 2(0.2 058904) 4 4(0.5+0.1 + 0.03842)!NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 353 = 3 (1.027027 + 0.517648 + 2.553848) = 1,36617433 (iii) By actual integration, 6 1 = fe & = (tan 96 = tan™6 = 1.40564765 o1tx Conclusion : Here, the value by trapezoidal rule is closer to the actual value than the value by Simpson’s rule. 5xX ) [A.U. April/May 2005] Solution : Since, we require f’ (3) and f'' (3) we use Newton’s forward formula. Difference Table [ x y Ay Ay | ady | aty —14y NUMERIC bad AL METH By Newton's forward formula, we have, 112, tah abate atas, — | | =} [ao-gabor 38 yo g4 Voted yy u=0 Here h=02 o| -% : 1(-0.464)-4 (2.048) +4(—5.19) (2) = 93 [3:68 3( 0.768) + 3( 0.464) — 5 (2.048) += 5.1) + [ 3.968 — 0.384 — 0.1547 — 0.512 — 1.024 | |- [1.8933] 2 es 4665 aun? 3 11 5 Ay -A ANS ] OF, m4, al Yo~ Ayo + 7 Ay — 2 AS V9 + ‘ 1 = ——> 10.768 — (— i Sey \. (0.2)? [ (0.464) + +5 (2.048) — = (-5:12)]ji DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 3.43 1 1 ate, Sax with h = 1 by Teapezatital rte csaltiMles g ? 5 [Anna, May 2000][A.U AMM 2015 (R8)] Here, y (*) = re’ IF § By Trapezoidal rule, we get 1 ne” = £ [00 +¥6) +201 +92 +3 +4 + YS) 36 “S(O 2B mest ara =i [3 D E + 23.9554 | Sle = 3 = 2 [3+ 721s = 0.7842c >) f 6.) using ‘omberg’s method, evaluate { 0 places of decimals. Solution : We will take h = 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 @) | PT pa h = 9 [1.5 + 2 (0.6666) = 0.7083. 1 t4x° correct to three [A.U N/D 2014][A.U A/M 2015 (R8-10)] [A.U N/D 2016 (R13)} [A.U A/M 2017 R83] 1 by T.R h = 93 [(. + 0.5) + 2 (08 + 0.6666 + 0.5714)] by TR. = 0.6970. Le] 0 [0125] 0.25 [0.375] 0.5 | 0.625| 0.75 |0.875| 1 , 1 [0.8889] 0.8 |0.7273|0.6667|0.6154|0.5714|0.5333 05 0.125 “7 [1 + 05 + 2 (0.8889 + 08 + 0.7273 + 0.6667 + 0.6154 + 0.5714 + 0.533)] > 0.6941 S3.60 NUMERICAL MET, — The three values are 0.7083, 0.6970, 0.6941 al I =ht+3z(b-hl I = 0.6970 + 4 [0.6970 — 0.7083] = 0.6932 1 and I = h+2[h-b] I = 0.6941 + $ [0.6941 — 0.6970 = 0.6931“ Now, taking these 2 values and using formula (1) again I = 06931 + $ [0.6931 — 0.6932] = 0.693 Hence, the most approximate value is 0.6931.3) The following data gives the velocity of a particle for 20 second . at an interval of 5 seconds. Find the initial acceleration. usit! , \\/ the entire data. Time (sec) 0 5 10 15 70 Velocity (m/sec) 0 3 14 6 i [A.U. AM 2004, CBT my 2010|ATION AND INTEGA nicht pIFFERENT) =non ait D ; - vy is dependent on lime { sotto” : p= vy. We require acceleration = # at 0. - = $er+$e0-For] 1 = 5[3-4412-6] 1 =5 ©) =yr ICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 3.57 mer dx by using Romberg’s method correct to 4 ecimal places. Hence, deduce an approximate value of gotution = ),°) () (AU MiJ 2009, aint 2010) q [AU Trichy M/J 2010, A/M 2011] Lot, y = —+z __| [A.U Mig 2006, 2007, 2012, ND 20071 14x [A.U N/D 2016 (R8-10)] [A.U A/M 2017 R-13] peed and let 1 = f— ae Using Trapezoidal rule, -s ote \ a Zt ooty) +20] 95 (+05) +16] = 0.775 Take h = 0.25. The tabulated values of y are rule, 1 hes h J reef = 3100434) +201 4924991 0.25 = “FIG + 0.5) + 2 (0.9412 + 080 + 0.64)] = 0.7828 OH3.58 1 BL =f 0 -( NUME| RICAL 5. ty, Take h = 0.125 The tabulated values of y are 4 ya =A footm) +201 t+. Fy] 0.125 ons) [( + 0.5) + 2 (9846 + 9412 + 8767 4 5 + 7191 + 64 + .5664)] (0.0625) [1.5 + 2 (5.528)] = 0.78475 Using Romberg’s formula for I; and Iz , we have I Using Romberg’s formula for ly and Iy , = 0.7828 + 0.0026 = 0.7854 we have 1;~1, I =1,4 (322 + = 0.78475 + ( By actual 78475 — 0.71 t . a = 0.78475 + 0,00065 = 0 1 lt¢x a ou 0.7854 7 (65) evaluation of the definite integral, we haveNUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION dx 1+2 = [tan™+x]g " ay (2) alac | Ln 1 4 From a and (2), we have 7 = 0.7854. Hence, 1 ~ 3.1416. 3.59Zo Coins three-point Gaussian quadrature formula, evaluate @ £ 1x f ) 1+ [A.U. A/M 2004] L (ii) s ett {A.U. May 1999] [A.U N/D 2016 (R8-10)] Solution : Let f(x) = a [Range given is in exact form] xe ci a Three-point Gaussian quadrature formula is aActual value 1 J 1 —« -1 142 I Ml (i) Range given 1 of o1+e% W §_D_ =nto~ 27 1 1 1 2f a Se he —— 1+ 1.5833... (1) is an even function] 2 is an even function]» e408, NUMERICAL UE, 4 22 i ically with h- = S Joniaad SS dx dy, numerically / rix+y x-direction and k 0.2 along 0.25 along y-direction, Solution : [A.U. Nov.1996, M/J 2012][A.U A/M 2015 C8 1.2 14 0.4098 | 0.3378 0.3902 |} 0.3331 | 0.2839 | 0.2426 | 0.2082 0.3077 |] 0.2710 | 0.2375 0.2079 0.1821 0.2221 0.1991 0.1779 0.1587 0.1838 0.1679 By Trapezoidal rule a2 4 hk Sly aed = “q [Sum of values of f at the four corners 11x +y + 2 (Sum of the values of nodes on the boundary) + 4 (Sum of the values of f at the interior node] f at the remaining (0.2) (0.25) = 4 (5 + 02 + 0125 + 02) * 2 (02462 + 0.3077 + 03902 + 0.4098 + 0338 + 0.2809 + 0.2359 + 0.1708 4 0.16 + 0.1416 * 0.1381 + 0.1524 + 0.1679 + 0.1838) + 4 0.3331 + 0.2839 + 0.2496 + 0.2082 + 0.2710 + 02375 + 0.2079 + 0.1821 + 02221 + 0.1%! + 0.1779 + 0.1587) / 02) 025) 095 + 6.6682 + 10.8964) = (02) (025) (195881 = 0.2323p 14 2.4 (a) Sf woth using Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule. / 1 2 — \o ) Verify your result by actual integration. {A.U CBT A/M 2011] [AU CBT N/D 2011, N/D M/J 2013} [A.U N/D 2015 (R8-10)] [AU N/D 2016 (R13)} Solution : Divide the range of x and y into 4 equal parts. | 24-2 _ a 14-1 h= 4 ce eee 101 al Get the values of f(x, y) = 7 at nodal points, / Case (i) : By Trapezoidal rule, we getUMERICA NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 3.101 Os 0.4167 0.4545 a “0.3788 ‘en 0.3068 ms 0.3788 | = 0. on . va | 1 TO i Qu 2@I 0.4167 0.3846 I= i [(Sum of values of f at the four corners) + 2 (Sum of values of f at the remaining nodes on the boundary) + 4 (Sum of the values of f at the interior nodes)| = eafoy {[0.5 + 0.4167 + 0.3571 + 0.2976) + 2 [03846 + 0.4167 + 0.4545 + 0.4762 + 0.4545 + U.4348 + 03788 + 0.3472 + 0.3205 + 0.3106 + 0.3247 + 0.3401] + 4 [0.4329 + 0.4132 + 0.3953 + 0.3968 + 0.3788 * 03623 + 03663 + 0.3497 + 0.3344] } 7 oot [1.5714 + 9.2864 + 13.7188] = 0.0614NUMERICAL METH, a 1% Case (2): By Simpson's rule 0.3968" | 0.37884 : }1@) x | 4 N@) 4 | *) (6) { (05 + 0.4167 + 0.3571 + 0.2976) + 2 (0.4167 + 0.4545 + 0.3472 + 0.3247) + 4 (0.3846 + 0.4545 4 0.4762 + 0.4348 + 0.3788 + 0.3205 + 0.3106 + @:3401 + 0.3788) + 8 (0.3968 + 03623 + 0.3497 + 0.4132) * 16 (0.3663 + 0.3344 + 0.4329 + 0,3953)} ss 0 oF (3) (3) [55.2116] = 0.0613 Case (3) : By actual integration 14° 24 1 lay 44 f £ phe = te [ise (loge y)i* (og. x34 i (loge 1.4) flog, 2.4 — = loge (1.4) log, (1.2) 0.0613 log. 2]NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 3.103 We get the actual value and the value by Simpson’s rule are equal, while the value by Trapezoidal rule differs only by 0.0001.