IUBAT – International University of Business Agriculture and

Technology

Assignment 02

Title of Assignment:
Microprocessor

Course name: Computer Hardware and Maintenance Lab

Course code: CSC 348

Submitted To:
Kashfi Shormita Kushal

Lecturer

Department of CSE

Submitted By:
Fatin Ishraq
ID: 22203159
Sec: F
Serial: 30

Submission Date: 04-12-2024

 Name of Experiment: Microprocessor

What is Microprocessor?

The microprocessor is the central unit of a computer system. We can also call it simply a processor or
CPUA microprocessor is basically the brain of the computer. It's often known simply as a processor, a
central processing unit, or as a logic chip. So, It's the brain of the computer that goes into motion when
the computer is switched on. It's a programmable, multipurpose device that incorporates the functions
of a CPU (central processing unit) on a single IC (integrated circuit).

Basic components of microprocessor:

Control Unit: The control unit fetches an instruction from memory by sending an address and read
command.
Arithmetic logic Unit: The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is that part of the computer that actually
performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. All other elements of the computer system - control
unit, register, memory, I/O - are there mainly to bring data into the ALU to process and then to take
the results back out.
Memory Unit: The memory section usually consists of a mixture of RAM and ROM. It may also have
magnetic floppy disks, magnetic hard disk or laser optical disks, magnetic hard disk or laser optical
disks.
Input Unit: The input unit consists of all of the devices used to take information and data that are
external to the computer and put them into the memory unit or the ALU.
Output Unit: The output unit consists of the devices used to transfer data and information from the
computer to the “outside world.”

Here, the following topics will be discussed:

 Identifying CPU Characteristics

 Recognizing CPU Sockets
 Removing and Installing the CPU
 Cooling CPU
 Exploring CPU Specifications with CPU-Z
Maker CPU Type Package Clock Speed FSB Speed (MHz L2 Cache Number of
(CHz) or GT/s) (MB) Cores
Intel Core 2 Quad LGA 775 3.00 GHz 1333 MHz (Front- 12 MB (shared) 4 Cores
Side Bus)
AMD Phenom II X3 Socket AM3 2.60 GHz 2000 MHz 1.5 MB (512 KB 3 Cores
710 (HyperTransport) per core)
AMD Phenom II X4 Socket AM3 3.40 GHz 2000 MHz 2 MB (512 KB 4 Cores
965 (HyperTransport) per core)
Intel Celeron M Socket 478 2.00 GHz 533 MHz (Front- 1 MB 1 Core
575 Side Bus)
AMD Athlon X2 Socket AM2+ 2.50 GHz 2000 MHz 1 MB (512 KB 2 Cores
7550 Black (HyperTransport) per core)
Edition
Intel Pentium 4 LGA 775 3.40 GHz 800 MHz (Front- 2 MB 1 Core
650 Side Bus)
Intel Atom 330 Socket 437 1.60 GHz 533 MHz 1 MB 2 Cores (Dual-
Core)
Intel Xeon X5570 LGA 1366 2.93 GHz 1333 MHz (Front- 256 KB per core 4 Cores (8
Side Bus) (Total 512 KB) threads with
Hyper-
Threading)
Intel Core i7-960 LGA 1366 3.20 GHz 1066 MHz 256 KB per core 4 Cores (8
(Total 1 MB) threads with
Hyper-
Threading)

Identifying CPU Characteristics:

First, we need to choose a right CPU for a right motherboard. So, need to identify CPU characteristics
such as instruction set, cache memory, clock speed, bus. And also, like voltage settings, clock multiplier
configurations, and cooling requirements. Recognize the different kinds of CPUs, recognize different
CPU fan attachments, and identify the basic specifications of different classes of CPUs.
My home PC’s Processor is Intel Core i3-5020U which is placed in 1168 BGA.

Chip package:
A CPU socket or slot contains one or more mechanical components providing mechanical and
electronical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This allows for
placing and replacing the central processing unit (CPU) without soldering.

There are three types of CPU package

1. Land Grid Array (LGA)
2. Pin Grid Array (PGA)
3. Ball Grid Array (BGA)

Fig: LGA Fig : BGA Fig :PGA

My home PC’s CPU package 1168 BGA

CPU Fan:
A CPU fan on top of a computer processor. It helps pull and blow hot air off the processor,helping
keep it cooler. A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active cooling.
Fans are used to draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside and move
air across a heat sink to cool a particular component.
Both axial and sometimes centrifugal fans are used in computers.

The characteristics of the types of fans:

Clip type CPU fan: Clip fan required applying pressure on the clip to release it from the fan mount. Use
a small slotted screwdriver for open clip.
Push pin CPU fan: In push pin CPU fan to unscrew this need to turn the push pins with a flat bladed
screwdriver counter clock wise 90 degrees.

Vapor Chamber technology: There are four separate fin arrays two on each side of the fan connected
to the base heatsink using two to four pipes.

In my home’s Motherboard CPU is placed under the push pin air cooler. Here is the step by step process
of removing and installing fan.
Remove the fan connector from the fan header.
Turn the push pins with a flat bladed screwdriver counterclockwise 90 degrees to release them.
Pull up the push pins.
Remove the fan.
Turn the push pins clockwise 90 degrees to reset them.

Reinsert the fan and find the push pins.

Press the push pins in the order shown to secure them.

Plug the fan connector from the fan header.

Recognizing CPU Sockets:
The CPU socket type for a computer motherboard is essential for anyone planning to
upgrade the device’s central processor. CPU socket compatibility is typically listed with the computer
product name and specifications in the owner’s manual. Before buying a new processor, find out which
socket type is available on our motherboard since there are several types of each brand.

In this fig A, the CPU socket is LGA775, is a Land Grid Array (LGA) socket used by several generation of
desktop Intel microprocessor starting from Pentium-4 and up to Core-2 Quad/ Core 2 Extreme families.
The LGA775 supports Intel CPU’s from 1.8 to 3.8 GHz with Front-Side Bus frequencies ranging from 533
MHz to 1600 MHz

In this fig B, the CPU socket is PGA 462(also called Socket A). deigned for AMD K7 family of processors.
This socket can be used with AMD Athlon and Duron processors ranging in speed from 600 MHz to
2200MHz (3200+) and with bus frequencies ranging from 100 MHz to 200 MHz

In this fig C, the CPU socket is Socket 1155, also called LGA 1155.or socket H2, is a LAND Grid Array
socket that superseded socket 1156. The LGA1155 was introduced in January 2011 along with second-
generation Core CPU’s. The LGA1155 works with the latest generation of Intel Celeron, Pentium, Core
i3/i5/i7 and Xeon desktop and server processors, that have up to 4 CPU cores, up to 8 MB of L# cache,
and operate at frequencies ranging from 1.2GHz to 3.7 GHz

In the fig D, the CPU socket is Socket AM3 is a CPU socket for AMD processors. AM3 was launched on
February 9, 2009 as the successor to Socket AM2+, alongside the initial grouping of Phenom II
processors designed for it. The sole principal change from AM2+ to AM3 is support for DDR3 SDRAM.
The fastest CPU for socket AM3 is the Phenom II X6 1100T.
In Motherboard A320M-S2H-CF CPU socket is LGA1200.

Connecting CPU and Socket:

CPU Socket type

Intel Core 2 Duo Socket 939

AMD Phenom II Socket AM3

AMD Athlon X2 Socket LGA-1156

Intel Pentium 4 (1.8 GHz) Socket 478

Intel Core i7-870 Socket AM2+

AMD Athlon 64 3000+ Socket LGA-775

Removing and Installing a CPU:
Before remove CPU from CPU socket need to remove CPU cooler. So, here is some step to removing
CPU and CPU Fan safely.

Step 1: Shut down the system and remove the power cord. Disconnect the fan power cord from the
CPU fan header on the motherboard and disconnect the RGB cable from CPU cooler Also, disconnect
the RGB header on the motherboard if your CPU Cooler has attached it.

Step 2: Gently pull the cam lever up to unlock the CPU cooler from the retention frame.

Step 3: Release the retention clips on the side of the heatsink with the cam from the
motherboard
socket mounting
lugs.
Step 4: Lightly twist the CPU cooler clockwise and counter-clockwise to loosen the seal between the
heatsink and the lid of the CPU.

Step 5: Carefully lift the CPU cooler from the CPU. The CPU should remain installed in the socket after
removing the CPU Cooler.
Step 6: Please pull up the fixed lever to a 90° angle with the socket, and then remove the CPU, refer to
the following picture
After removing CPU Fan and CPU safely, now install CPU and CPU Fan.

Step 1: Push the lever down to unclip it (1) and lift it (2).

Step 2: Open load plate.

Step 3: Do not touch the socket contacts or the bottom of the processor
Step 4: Hold the processor with your thumb and index fingers. Make sure socket pin 1 aligns with the
processor pin 1. Also make sure that the socket notches align with the processor notches. Lower the
processor straight down, without tilting or sliding the processor in the socket. Gently release the
processor, making sure that it is seated correctly in the socket.

Step 5: Open the load plate. Remove the protective cover from the load plate. Do not discard the
protective cover. Always replace the socket cover if the processor is removed from the socket.

Step 6: Very little force is required to close the load plate. Press down on the load plate, close, and
engage the socket lever.
Step 7: With the motherboard installed in the chassis, put the fan heat sink on the motherboard,
aligning the fasteners through the holes. Align the fasteners through the holes properly, or you risk
damaging the bottom of the fasteners. Also, be careful not to damage the thermal interface material
attached to the bottom of the fan heat sink.

Step 8: Push down on the top of each of the fasteners in an alternate pattern, as shown below, while
holding the fan heat sink in place. You should hear a “click” when pushing down each fastener. Gently
pull up on each fastener to make sure all four fasteners are securely attached. An unattached fastener
prevents a good seal between the fan heat sink and processor, and can result in unreliable operation
of the processor.

Step 9: Connect the processor 4-wire fan cable connector to the motherboard 4-pin CPU fan header.
(The processor 4-wire fan cable connector can be connected to a motherboard 3- pin CPU fan header if
a 4-pin CPU fan header is unavailable.)
Cooling CPU:
Computer cooling heat is required to remove the waste heat produced by computer components, to
keep components within permissible operating temperature limits.
Components that are susceptible to temporary malfunction or permanent failure if overheated include
integrated circuits such as central processing Unit (CPUs), Chipsets, graphics cards, and hard disk.

There are three types of CPU cooling:

1. Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)
2. Third party fans
3. Liquid cooling

CPU cooling option for Pentium dual core e5200

Manufacturer Model Number Price Benefits

Antec A40PRO $27,99 Budget friendly, efficient cooling,

system
Arctic Cooling Freezer 7 X $24,99 Handles a core 2 extreme at 2.93 GHz,
has a mounting bracket
Cooler Master Heper 212 EVO $44,99 Ensure a smooth contact surface, providing
excellent cooling efficiently
Thermaltake UX100 $21,98 Great light coverage, maintaining low noise
levels, have RGB
Zalman CNPS80F $15,06 Budget friendly, support intel and AMD
processor

Liquid Cooling:
Water cooling, also called liquid cooling, is a method used to lower the temperature of computer
processor units (CPUs), and sometimes graphics processor units (GPUs). Liquid cooling is mostly an
active battery thermal management system that utilizes a pumped liquid to remove the thermal
energy generated by batteries in a pack and then rejects the thermal energy to a heat sink. This
process uses water rather than air as the cooling medium because water can conduct heat about 30
times faster than air.
Manufacturer Model Number Price Benefits

Antec Kuhler H2O 620 $69.00 Low profile pump ensures exceptional liquid
circulate on, Intelligent
noise/speed -control fan
Arctic Cooling Liquid Freezer II 280 $119.99 15°C LOWER VOLTAGE REGULATOR
TEMPERATURE, 80% LESS POWER
CONSUMPTION
Cooler Master ML240L RGB V2 $67.99 3rd Generation Dual Chamber Pump, RGB
Controller
Thermaltake Floe 360mm $199.99 High Performance Water block, LGA1700 Kit
available
Zalman Reserator5 Z24(Black) 89€ Intel 12th gen support, 240mm liquid cooler
Exploring CPU Specification with CPU-Z:
My home processor or CPU’s CPU-Z ver-2.12.0

Name: Intel Core

Code Name: Broadwell-U
Package: Socket 1168 BGA
Core Speed: 2100 MHz
Multiplier: x 21.0
Bus Speed: 100.01 MHz
L2 Cache: 2 x 256 Kbytes