TVET CERTFICATE IV IN

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

ADVANCED LEVEL RUHANGO DISTRICT TEST 2021,TECHNICALAND

PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

EXAM TITLE: DEVELOP A BASIC DATABASE

RTQF LEVEL IV
OPTION: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
DURATION: 3HOURS
INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:
- Section I: Attempt all questions. (60marks)
- Section II: Attempt any 2 questions. (40marks)
- Avoid deletion and be clear
- Follow the order of questions and underline after each
answer.

Section I:Attempt all questions60 Marks.

Question 1: 5marks
Define the following terms:
(A)Database (B) Entity (C) Attribute (D) Record (E) Constraints

Question 2:5marks
(A)Briefly explain why do we need to use databases such as relational
database to store information instead of using our computer’s file system?
/3marks
(B) Give four (4) types of databases models. /2marks
Question 3:15marks
(A)Differentiate non-relationalandRelational databases /3marks
(B)State and briefly explain four (4) properties of relational database. /12marks

Question 4:15marks
(A) What is data integrity? /3marks
(B) State and briefly explain any three (3) types of relationships. /12marks

Question 5:5marks
(A) What does ER-model stands for?/2marks
(B) Why do we need ER-model when dealing with database? /3marks

Question 6: 5marks
What do the following acronyms stand for:

(A)CRUD (B) SQL (C) DBMS (D) DDL (E) DML

Question 7: 5marks
(A)What is database constraints./3marks
(B) Give 5 examples of databaseconstraints./2marks

Question 8:5marks
(A)What is the difference between DROP and TRUNCATE a table in a
database?/4marks
(B) What does the command ALTER does in database? /1mark
 Section II:Attempt any Two(2) questions40 Marks.
Question 9: 20marks
We normally know that a database model shows the logical structure of a
database, including the relationships and constraints that determine how
data can be stored and accessed.

(A) Briefly explain why do we need relationships among tables within

database?/6marks
(B) Is it real constraints are needed while creating tables and why?/6marks
(C) List and briefly explain any four(4) types of database models./8marks

Question 10: 20marks

By basing on the modules to be accomplished and possible jobs related to
the qualification about your trade, you are supposed to be also a Database
administrator, so let we say that after finishing your TVET studies
you will be appointed to be a Database administrator of XYZ as new private
institution.
(A)Describe your role as a new database administrator in this new
InstitutionXYZ. Any four (4) of your choice.
Question 11: 20marks
You know that before developing any database, it is better to draw first its
structure as schema (schema: the organization of data as a blueprint of how
the database is constructed).
Refer to the schema given above and answer the following questions:

(A)How do you call this scheme given above in database?/4marks

(B)How many relations do we have on that schema? List them /4marks
(C)In this schema do we have a weak entity? If yes, which one and why is
considered as a weak entity?/8marks
(D)Do we have the foreign keys in this schema? If yes,state them/4marks

Question 12: /20marks

Refer to the following table called STUDENT, answer the questions below:
Reg_No Firstname Lastname Sex Department
S0001 PAULINE MAHORO F SOD

S0002 JEAN MUTABAZI M ELS

S0003 FISTON NTWALI M DOE

Write SQL commands to:

(A) Delete student whose registration number is S0002 /5marks
(B) Set S0003 into Department of SOD /5marks
(C) Remove Department column from the table STUDENT/5marks
(D) Display only the female students/5marks

GOOD LUCK!!!
 MARKING SCHEME
(BASICS OF DATABASE L4SOD)
Question 1: 5marks
(A)Database: is an organized collection of related data, so that it can be easily
accessed and managed.
(B) Entity: A single unique object in the real world that is being considered.
(C) Attribute: A characteristic of an entity type that describes the entity.
(D) Record:The storage representation of a row of data.
(E) Constraints:Rules enforced on the data columns of a table.

Question 2:5marks

(A)Managing information means taking care of it so that it works for us and is

useful for the tasks we perform. By using a database management system
(DBMS) such as relational DBMS, the information we collect and add to its
database is no longer subject to accidental disorganization. It becomes
more accessible and integrated with the rest of our work. Managing
information using a database allows us to become strategic users of the
data we have. The processing power of a database allows it to manipulate
the data it hosts, so it can Sort, Match, Link, Skip fields, Calculate, Arrange
and being able to be linked to websites which can not be done by our
computer’s file system./3marks

(B) 4 types of database models:/2marks

1. Hierarchical database model
2. Relational model
3. Network model
4. Object-oriented database model

Question 3:15marks
(A)In relational databasesmodel data is organized in two-dimensional tables and
the relationship is maintained by storing a common field while non-relational
modeldatabases are used for storing a wide range of data sets not only in tabular
form but in several different ways./3marks
(B)properties of relational database:

There are following four commonly known properties of a relational model

known as ACID properties, where:

AmeansAtomicity: This ensures the data operation will complete either

with success or with failure. It follows the 'all or nothing' strategy. For
example: a transaction will either be committed or will abort.

CmeansConsistency: If we perform any operation over the data, its value

before and after the operation should be preserved. For example: the
account balance before and after the transaction should be correct, i.e., it
should remain conserved.

ImeansIsolation: There can be concurrent users for accessing data at the

same time from the database. Thus, isolation between the data should
remain isolated. For example: when multiple transactions occur at the
same time, one transaction effects should not be visible to the other
transactions in the database.

DmeansDurability: It ensures that once it completes the operation and

commits the data, data changes should remain permanent.

/12marks

Question 4: /15marks
(A) Data integrity: accuracy and consistency of data stored in
a database/3marks
(B) 3 types of database relationships: /12marks

 One-to-One:

A row in table A can have only one matching row in table B, and vice versa.
  One-to-Many:

This is the most common relationship type. In this type of relationship, a

row in table A can have many matching rows in table B, but a row in table
B can have only one matching row in table A.

 Many-to-many:

This is a complex relationship in which many records in a table can link to

many records in another table. For example: a many-to-many relationship
exists between books and authors: An author can write several books, and
a book can be written by several authors.

Question 5:5marks
(A) ER-model: Entity relationship Model /2marks
(B) To define the data elements and relationship for a specified system/3marks

Question 6: 5marks (1pts for each correct answer)

(A)CRUD: Create Read Update Delete
(B)SQL: Structures Query Language
(C) DBMS: Database Management System
(D)DDL: Data Definition Language
(E) DML: Data ManipulationLanguage

Question 7: 5marks
(A) Database constraints are the rules enforces on its(database) data within
the table(s) for the sake of many different purposes such as security, easy
access, relationship maintenance, integrity etc…
(B) Databaseconstraints: /2marks
1. CHECK
2. NOT NULL
3. PRIMARY KEY
4. FOREIGN KEY
5. INDEX
 6. DEFAULT
Question 8:5marks
(A)The DROP command is used to remove table definition and its contents
Whereas the TRUNCATE command is used to delete all the rows from the
table. /4marks

(B) The ALTER statement is used to add, delete, or modify columns in an

existing table. The ALTER statement is also used to add and drop various
constraints on an existing table/1mark

Question 9: 20marks

(A)In a relational database, relationships enable us to prevent redundant

dataFor example, if you are designing a database that will track
information about books, you might have a table named "Titles" that stores
information about each book, such as the book's title, date of publication,
and publisher. There is also information that you might want to store about
the publisher, such as the publisher's telephone number, address, and ZIP
Code/Postal Code. If you were to store all this information in the "Titles"
table, the publisher's telephone number would be duplicated for each title
that the publisher prints.

A better solution is to store the publisher's information only one time, in a

separate table that we will call "Publishers." We would then put a pointer
in the "Titles" table that references an entry in the "Publishers" table.
/6marks

(B)Yes. Constraints are the rules enforced on the data columns of a table.
These are used to limit the type of data that can go into a table. This
ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data in the database. Constraints
could be either on a column level or a table level./6marks
(C) Database models:/8marks

 Relational model:

In this model, data is organized in two-dimensional tables and the

relationship is maintained by storing a common field.
  Hierarchical model:

This database model organizes data into a tree-like-structure, with a single

root, to which all the other data is linked. The hierarchy starts from
the Root data, and expands like a tree, adding child nodes to the parent
nodes.
 Network model:
This is an extension of the Hierarchical model. In this model data is
organized more like a graph and are allowed to have more than one parent
node.

 Object oriented model:

This model defines a database as a collection of objects, or reusable
software elements, with associated features and methods.

Question 10: 20marks

(A)Roles of a database administrator: (Any 4 and explanation)

 Install and maintain the performance of database servers.

 Develop processes for optimizing database security.
 Set and maintain database standards.
 Manage database access.
 Performance tuning of database systems.
 Install, upgrade, and manage database applications.
 Diagnose and troubleshoot database errors.
 Recommend and implement emerging database technologies.
 Create and manage database reports, visualizations. etc…
Question 11: 20marks
(A)DATABASE SCHEMA/4marks
(B)2 relationships. STUDENT-MARKSrelationship,MARKS-
COURSErelationship /4marks
(C) YES. MARKS is a weak entity. Because it does not have its own a
primary key. It is only depending on STUDENT and COURSE entities.
/8marks
(D) YES. Studid, Courseid/4marks

Question 12: /20marks

(A) DELETE FROM STUDENT WHERE Reg_no=”S0002”; /5marks
(B) UPDATE STUDENT SET Department=”SOD” WHERE
Reg_no=”S0003”; /5marks
(C) ALTER TABLE STUDENT DROP COLUMN Department;/5marks
(D) SELECT* FROM STUDENT WHERE Sex=”F”;/5marks

END!!!