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Title of the Project: Should not Exceed 250 Characters

Steffen Marrion S. Ancheta, Liam Grant R. Florendo, Janos Iñigo Gabriel G. Guira, Jian Margo R.
Llanes, Angel Mark Antin P. Planta, Ralph Owen A. Salva, Gabriel James Valdez, Princess Diane B.
Aquino, Yleina Zelene A. Domingo, Bonna Pearl S. Garcia, Jaemy Denielle G. Navalta, Danika
Danielle M. Pangilinan, Mariah Therese C. Reyes, Martina Simone P. Villegas

Franz Jeramienne Lacangan

Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus, Department of Science and Technology,
San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur, 2728, Philippines
Corresponding Author Email: gabrieljames.valdez@irc.pshs.edu.ph

Abstract
Phytochemical screening is a crucial process that is capable of identifying various chemical
compounds and secondary metabolites that have therapeutic properties and are present in
medicinal plants. In the case of this study, Musa errans, a member of the family Musaceae,
was used as a sample in phytochemical analysis to determine its bioactive compounds and its
potential to cure certain illnesses. Aside from phytochemical screening, FTIR (Fourier
Transform Infrared) spectroscopy will also be used to further analyze the functional groups of
the plant with the aid of infrared radiation at varying wavelengths. Using these methods of
analysis, the study seeks to scientifically describe the chemical profile of Musa errans, which
may underscore its medicinal mechanisms and aid in the formulation of its pharmaceutical.
These pieces add to the increasing literature on natural products and emphasize the
application of qualitative evaluation alongside techniques in supporting plant medications.
.

Keywords: Alkaloids, Flavonoids, FTIR spectroscopy; medicinal plants; Musa Errans;

phytochemical screening

INTRODUCTION (Pereira & Maraschin, 2014). And within the genus

Musa; Musa Errans, also known as Musa
For centuries, medicinal plants have been essential troglodytarium Blanco, is a variety of wild banana
in the search for bioactive compounds that may native to the Philippines (Ragasa et al., 2007), has
offer health benefits. These are anticipated to play been used in traditional practices but remains
an important function as a crucial source in the largely unexplored in terms of its chemical
marketing of food additives and new medicines, properties.
drawing swiftly the growing interest among
researchers (Ali et al., 2019). And the more Studies on related Musa species have shown that
researchers acquire a higher quantity of beneficial they contain helpful compounds like flavonoids,
plants around the world, the more significant it phenols, tannins, and alkaloids. These compounds
becomes, contributing to the people's culture and are known for their health benefits, such as fighting
tradition by playing a role in herbal medicine bacteria, reducing inflammation, and acting as
(Mathew & Negi, 2016). antioxidants (Sundaram et al., 2018; Dey et al.,
2020). Some research on Musa errans itself has
Musa spp as a whole are some of the world's most found special chemicals like triterpenes and
prominent fruit crops, including dessert bananas sterols—specifically 31-norcyclolaudenone,
and plantains, as a source of energy in the diets of stigmasterol, and sitosterol—that can help fight
individuals dwelling in humid tropical areas germs (Ragasa et al., 2007). One study even found

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that extracts from Musa errans var. botoan might intense yellow color indicates the presence of
help manage blood sugar levels, which could be flavonoids. To confirm, a few drops of 70% of
useful for people with diabetes (Dañas et al., diluted hydrochloric acid were added and the
n.d.-b). Because of these discoveries, it’s important disappearance of the yellow color is observed.
to study Musa errans more closely to better
understand what useful substances it contains and Second, for the Phenols screening (Ferric Chloride
how they work. Test), 2mL of the filtered sample were mixed with
2mL of 5% aqueous ferric chloride solution. The
MATERIALS AND METHODS solution is positive when the appearance of a color
blue is visible.
Selection and Preparation of the Plant Material
Third, the screening for the Tannins (Ferric
Methods should be described concisely and clearly Chloride Test), 10% of alcoholic ferric chloride
to allow experiments to be repeated. For commonly solution was mixed with 2 mL of the filtered
used methods, a simple reference is sufficient. sample. The solution is positive if a formation of
Avoid references that are not readily accessible. black or brownish-blue appeared.
The plant species of Musa Errans is gathered from Fourth, Anthraquinones screening was tested
the local municipality of .., Ilocos Sur. A total of 5 through the addition of potassium hydroxide
kilograms of the plant sample peels were collected. solution to a 2 mL of the filtered sample. A
The peels were thoroughly washed with distilled blood-red color appeared in the solution which
water several times. Then, the cleaned samples are indicated the presence of anthraquinones.
placed in a room without direct sunlight to allow
them to air-dry for 3 weeks. Once the samples are Then, the screening for Saponins (Foam/Frothing
dried, it is ground using a blender. The resulting Test) was performed. The 2 mL of the filtered
powder was homogenized in order to achieve a sample was mixed with 4mL of distilled water and
uniform particle size. Lastly, it was stored in an was shaken vigorously. The presence of saponins
airtight container for analysis. was indicated by the formation and persistence of
foam that lasted for at least 10 minutes.
Lastly, in the Alkaloid screening(Mayer’s Test), 2
Extraction of Crude Extract mL of the filtered sample was mixed with 2 drops
A total of 50g of the powdered Musa Errans peels of Mayer’s reagent. A visible white or creamy
was separately measured and placed in 500mL precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloids.
bottles using the cold extraction method. A 150mL RESULTS
of 100% ethanol (1:3) was added to the sample and
mixed well. The solution was kept for 5 days and Subheading for Result 1
was occasionally shaked. Then, the solution was In Results, present data in only one of the
filtered using the Whatman No.1 filter paper. A following: text, table, or figure. Results should
portion of the filtered content was concentrated preferably have no more than five illustrations
using a rotary evaporator and kept in a refrigerator (tables and/or figures). Do not use tables or figures
at 4 degrees Celsius for further use. The peel extract to present data that can be more concisely stated in
was then subjected to FTIR analysis. The copy of the text. Discussion should interpret results in
the spectra was obtained for the analysis of the relation to previously published work. Do not repeat
peaks present in the sample. results or reiterate the introduction.
Qualitative Analysis of Phytochemicals Table 1
As for the qualitative analysis of the filtered Results of Phytochemical Analysis
sample, they were performed using test tubes and
were subjected to different phytochemical Criteria A B C D E F
screenings. Observat
First, the filtered sample underwent phytochemical ion
screening for Flavonoids. 2 mL of the filtered
sample were mixed with a few drops of 20%
sodium hydroxide solution. The appearance of an

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Positivit + + + + + +
y

DISCUSSIONS
Discussion should incorporate referencing of the
figures or data tables presented in the Results
section. Literature citations should be selective, not
to exceed 30 references for a research paper.​
​
I. Overview of Key Findings
The results of phytochemical screening of
Musa errans as shown in Table 1 revealed
the presence of flavonoids, tannins,
Figure 1. Figure label should be in sentence case alkaloids, phenols, and anthraquinones
ending in period, placed under the figure. Each confirmed by the positive reactions to the
figure should have a legend or caption and should reagents A, B, C, D, E, F. These bioactive
be self-explanatory. Figure legends should be in compounds are widely known for their
lowercase print-type, except for the first letter of
first word. Abbreviations and symbols on figures
medicinal benefits, including antioxidant
should be defined in the legend. Figures include and antimicrobial properties.
line drawings, photographs, and computer plots. Briefly summarize the most important results.​
They should be clear.

●​ Reference relevant figures/tables (e.g., “As

shown in Table 1…”).​

II. Interpretation of Results

Broad absorption at around 3400 cm-1

indicates O-H stretching consistent with
moisture exposure or oxidation (not
characteristic of pure CPE). However, the
sharp peaks around the 600 to 800 cm-1
confirms chlorination of sample typically
observed in C-Cl stretching vibrations.

Peaks at ~2915 and ~2849 cm-1 corresponds

to

III. Comparison with Literature

●​ Compare your findings with related studies.​

●​ Use selective citations (aim for relevant,

not excessive).​

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●​ Identify if your findings support, contradict,

or expand on previous research.

IV. Implications of the Findings

●​ Explain the significance of your results:​

○​ How does this contribute to

knowledge?​

○​ What are the practical or

community-level applications?​

○​ What improvements or innovations

does it support?​

V. Limitations
●​ Mention any limitations in your study that
could affect interpretation (e.g., sample
size, time constraints, external factors).​

VI. Recommendations for Future

Research
●​ Suggest ways to improve or extend the
study.​

●​ Point to areas that require further

investigation.​

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SUMMARY
Include a brief statement of the conclusions and
generalizations.

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Author, A. A. & Author B. B. (Date of publication).

Title of page [Format description when
necessary]. Retrieved from
https://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
Personal communication should appear only in text
parenthetically with the names of persons who
supplied the information. They should not be
listed in the References section.

Dañas, A. A., De Castro, M. I., San Francisco, J. C.,

Villanueva, R. K. S., Ylagan, G. J. M.,
Alejandro, D. C. B., . . . Evangelista, P. M.
(n.d.-b). Phytochemical Characterization and
REFERENCES In-vitro α-glucosidase Inhibitory Effects of the
Arrange references in alphabetical order. Authors Methanolic Extract of Musa errans var. botoan
are urged to check references with special care that (Musaceae). National University- Manila.
all references in the text appear at the end of the Retrieved from
paper and vice versa, and that the names and dates https://national-u.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/20
are consistent, as no editorial responsibility can be 20/09/Evangelista-Phytochemicals-1-Edited-3.p
taken for their accuracy. See format for each type of df
reference, adhering to APA Style 6th edition as Ragasa, C. Y., 1,2, Martinez, A. T., Chua, J. E. Y.,
demonstrated below: Rideout, J. A., Chemistry Department, De La
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. Salle University, Taft Avenue, Manila, Center
(Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, for Natural Sciences and Ecological Research,
volume number(issue number), pages. De La Salle University, Taft Avenune, Manila,
https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy & School of Chemical and Biomedical
Sciences, Central Queensland University,
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Queensland, Australia. (2007, November). A
Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Triterpene from Musa errans. Philippine Journal
Publisher. of Science (Vol. 136, pp. 167–171).
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of
publication). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor &
B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of
chapter). Location: Publisher.
Lastname, F. N. (Year). Title of dissertation
(Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Name
of database. (Accession or Order Number)
Schnase, J. L., & Cunnius, E. L. (Eds.). (1995).
Proceedings from CSCL '95: The First
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Erlbaum.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice
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eating disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC:
Author.
Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published).
Title. Location.

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