Electronics Notes
Electronics Notes
One volt is the potential difference that causes one ampere of current to flow through a
resistance of one ohm.
Electric current is the flow of electric charge in a conductor, typically measured in amperes (A).
In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end so that the same current flows
through all components.
Diagram:
[O]----[O]----[O]
g) How are components connected in parallel circuits?
In a parallel circuit, components are connected across the same two points, so the voltage
across each component is the same.
Diagram:
----[O]----
| |
----[O]----
Diagram Example:
----[O]----
| |
[O] [O]
i) What happens to a series circuit if a bulb gets fused? Will the circuit close in this case?
If a bulb gets fused in a series circuit, the circuit becomes open, and current stops flowing.
Heaters
Fans
TVs
Radios
Refrigerators
Potentiometers
Rheostats
Trimmers
Laptops
Electric vehicles
LED lights
---
2nd chapter
1. A diode:
2. Semiconductor material:
c) Both A and B
a) Forward biased
4. Two-terminal semiconductor device:
a) Diode
a) Rheostat
a) Capacitor
b) Transistor
9. LED requires:
b) DC
c) Both A and B
a) AC
a) Capacitor
b) Inductor
d) All of these
b) 5
a) 3
a) Intrinsic semiconductors
21. Impure semiconductors:
b) Extrinsic semiconductors
b) 33 kΩ
c) Color code
b) Opposition to current
b) 1.1kΩ 5%
Correct answer: a)
Correct answer: a)
Correct answer: a)
1. Diode:
A diode is a two-terminal semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction
(forward bias) and blocks it in the reverse direction. It is used in rectifiers, voltage regulation,
and signal clipping circuits.
2. Transistor:
An LED emits light when an electric current passes through it. It is efficient, long-lasting, and
used in displays, indicators, and lighting systems.
4. Capacitor:
A capacitor stores electrical energy in an electric field. It consists of two conductive plates
separated by an insulating material. Capacitors are used in filtering, coupling, and energy
storage.
5. Inductor:
An inductor stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through it. It resists changes in
current and is used in filters, transformers, and oscillators.
---
Long lifespan
Low power consumption
i) What is inductance?
j) What is a capacitor?
A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is made of two
conductive plates separated by a dielectric and is used in filtering, coupling, and energy storage
applications.
---
B = Second digit
C = Multiplier
Answers:
---
3rd chapter
c) threads
2. Which of the following tools is used for shaping the metal into a sheet?
a) Hammer
3. Pipe wrenches are available in size from ______ inches up to ______ inches.
c) 4, 58
d) Megger meter
b) Multimeter
d) Megger meter
9. Which of the following tools is used for turning soft iron pipes and fittings with a rounded
surface?
a) Wrench
10. Which of the following tools is used for the removal of the insulation of wire?
c) Wire stripper
---
2. Pipe wrench is classified by the length of the handle; they can be available in size from 4
inches up to 58 inches.
3. The process of melting a metal onto other metal components in order to bind them is called
as soldering.
9. In drilling, drill bits are used for making holes on the wall or wood.
10. Multimeter is used for the measurement of resistance, voltage, and current.
---
1. Screwdriver:
A screwdriver is a hand tool used for driving screws into materials. It consists of a handle, a
shank, and a tip designed to fit various types of screw heads (e.g., flathead, Phillips).
2. Megger Meter:
A multimeter is a versatile electrical tool used to measure voltage, current, and resistance. It can
operate in AC and DC modes and is widely used in electronics and electrical diagnostics.
4. Combination Plier:
Combination pliers are multi-functional hand tools used for gripping, cutting, and bending wires.
They feature cutting edges and a flat gripping area for holding objects securely.
5. Line Tester:
A line tester is a simple device used to check the presence of voltage in an electrical circuit. It
typically has a small neon bulb that lights up when the tester touches a live wire.