Sanghai Tower

Worlds 3rd tallest tower, 632 m

Chapter 4
Building Information Modeling
World’s largest drawingless
bridge(Randselva bridge)
BIM experts from Denmark, Norway, Finland
and Poland have done the modelling measuring
634-metre concrete bridge that crosses the
Randselva river in Norway.
Topics
4.1 Concept, processes and utilization
4.2 Standards and regulations
4.3 Building information modeling versus computer aided design and drawing
4.4 Common data environment

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Concept, processes and utilization
Concept BIM is not just a 3D but its a intelligent model
based technology linked with a database of
project information that represents the
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a entire life cycle of project. Any change made
digital representation of physical and to this database is reflected throughout the
functional characteristics of a building or entire drawing.
infrastructure.

Building information modeling is a creation BIM is the process of generating and

of parametric,3D model that use to generate managing building data during its life cycle
plans, sections, elevations and schedules of using three-dimensional, real-time updates,
all necessary components to document the dynamic building modeling software to
design of a building. It is the shared decrease wasted time and resources in
knowledge resource of information. building design and construction.

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 BIM chart/ life cycle

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 Who can be aided by BIM?

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 History of BIM
• First conceptual idea by Douglas C. • Robert Aish first documented the use of
Englebert in 1962. the term “Building Modeling” in a
published paper in 1986.
• In 1963, the first computer-aided design
(CAD) with a graphical user interface, • ArchiCAD developed in1982 - first time
“Sketchpad”, was developed at the MIT BIM software in personal computer.
Lincoln Labs by Ivan Sutherland.
• The duo wanted to develop an
• In 1975, Charles Eastman published architectural version of Pro/ENGINEER
a paper describing a prototype that could handle more complex projects
called Building Description System (BDS). than ArchiCAD. By 2000, they had a
program called Revit.

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 Benefits of BIM
• Improved visualization
• Faster and more efficiency
• Better service to the client and Increased
speed of delivery
• Improved productivity and quality
5 Shortcomings of BIM Technology
• Reduced costs
•High Initial Investment in Modeling Software. ...
• Increased coordination of construction •Different/Too Many BIM Software. ...
documents reducing the chances of •Training Required on All Levels. ...
miscommunication and errors
•Lack of BIM Experts to Lead the Change. ...
•Disconnect With End-user.

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Processes in BIM
Involves structured workflow:
1. Planning and Design

• Conceptual Design- initial ideas and concepts are developed using BIM software
• Detailed Design- more detailed models including architectural, structural and MEP
(mechanical, electrical and plumbing) systems. Developed
individually and then integrated
2. Pre- construction

• Coordination and clash detection

• Quantity takeoff
3. Construction – 4D (time scheduling), 5D(cost estimation) and onsite coordination
4. Operations and Maintenance- can be updated to reflect changes for future renovation and
retrofitting

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Utilization of BIM
Industry applications:
1. Architecture- For creating detailed architectural designs and visualizations
2. Engineering- For structural, mechanical, electrical and plumbing system designs
3. Construction Management- Scheduling, cost estimation and resource allocation
4. Facility Management- For managing and maintaining building operations
5. Urban Planning- For planning and managing urban infrastructure projects( highways,
bridges, airports, tunnels)

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 Planning and Design

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Construction Document generation

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 3D Modelling- structure

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 3D Modelling- plumbing

3D Modelling- HVAC

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3D Modelling- Electricals 3D Modelling- Integrated

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 Clash Detection

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 Clash Detection

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 Clash Detection

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 Coordination drawing

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 Coordination drawing

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BIM software
• Some of commonly used BIM software are:
• Revit by Autodesk

• ArchiCad by Graphisoft

• Microstation by Bentley System

• Tekla by Trimble

• Navisworks

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Standards and Regulations
International BIM Standards Regulatory Requirements in BIM
• ISO 19650– Global standard for BIM data • USA: Government requires BIM for
management. federally funded projects.
• IFC (Industry Foundation Classes)– Open • UK: BIM Level 2 is mandatory for
file format for BIM interoperability. government contracts.
• BS1192 & PAS 1192 (UK)– Framework for • EU: European Union promotes BIM through
collaborative BIM working. EU Directive 2014/24/EU.
• LOD(Level of Development)– Defines the • Nepal: Adoption of BIM is growing in major
accuracy and detail level of BIM models. urban development projects.

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BIM vs. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) & Drawing
Aspect BIM CAD

It is a 3D digital model with in formation and a Common Data It is a 2D or 3D drawings working separately
Data Type
Environment
Collaboration BIM systems are suited for collaboration CAD systems are not suited for collaboration
It encompasses both 2D and 3D data as well as 4D It is restricted to 2D and 3D data, i.e., the design
Scope of Information (time/schedule aspect), 5D (cost aspect), 6D (energy efficiency aspect
Stored and sustainability information), and 7D (holistic facility
management information) data
Clash Detection Automatic detection & resolution Manual error checking
Building information models maintain the same level of detail CAD models are only capable of presenting a
Detail Retention regardless of whether they are zoomed in or out, expanded, or highly detailed image at a particular zoom level
contracted
BIM cannot be used as part of CAD; it can be used CAD can be used as part of BIM, but the addition
independently of CAD of CAD models into a BIM system can, at times,
Independence give rise to problems when you need to zoom in or
out due to the differences in their ability to retain
details
BIM file formats include RVT, NWD, DWG, DXF, IFC, and COBie CAD File formats include DWG, DXF, CATPart, prt,
File Formats
asm, prt, sldprt, sldasm
Uses IFC (Industry Foundation Class) open file format for
Limited compatibility in .dwg, .pdf, etc formats
Interoperability integration

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Common Data Environment (CDE)
A Common Data Environment (CDE) is a centralized platform
where BIM-related data is stored, managed, and shared among
stakeholders. It ensures real-time access to the latest design,
drawings, and models.
Key Features of a CDE
• Single Source of Data– All project data is stored in one place.
The authorized people can access the
data and work together with real time
updates.
• Control– Prevents duplication and outdated information.
• Collaboration– Allows architects, engineers, and contractors to
work together in collaborative environment.

• Security & Access Control– Restricts access based on user

roles. Only authorized people can
access the data and work

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