1.

Personal Code of Ethics Personal code of ethics is like your In India, Mahatma Gandhi's
moral compass that guides your unwavering commitment to
decisions and actions, helping you non-violence and truth in the pursuit
distinguish right from wrong based on of freedom is a powerful example of
your values and principles. a personal code of ethics.

2. Ethical Dilemmas Ethical dilemmas are situations where For instance, a doctor facing a
you have to choose between two or situation where they must choose
more conflicting moral principles or between saving a patient's life or
values. respecting the patient's advance
directive against certain treatments.

3. Consequentialism vs. Consequentialism means making The Indian government's decision to

Deontology decisions based on the outcomes or implement policies to improve
consequences, while deontology healthcare access
focuses on following ethical principles (consequentialism) vs. upholding the
regardless of outcomes. fundamental right to health
(deontology).

4. Ethical Decision-Making Ethical decision-making involves a In India, corporate boards often

Process systematic process of evaluating follow ethical decision-making
options, considering consequences, processes when deciding on issues
and aligning choices with your such as corporate social
personal code of ethics. responsibility (CSR) initiatives.

5. Role of Ethical Ethical leaders set an example by An example is Ratan Tata's ethical
Leadership consistently making ethical choices, leadership in the Tata Group,
fostering an ethical culture in demonstrated through philanthropic
organizations, and inspiring others to initiatives and business practices.
follow ethical principles.
1. Ethical Leadership Ethical leaders possess qualities like In India, leaders like Dr. A. P. J.
Traits integrity, honesty, and empathy. They Abdul Kalam demonstrated ethical
lead by example and inspire trust and leadership qualities by fostering
ethical behavior in others. innovation and education.

2. Organizational Ethical Ethical leaders create a culture where Infosys' emphasis on ethical
Culture ethical behavior is encouraged and behavior, including whistleblowing
rewarded, ensuring that ethical policies, is a prime example in India.
principles are embedded in an
organization's DNA.

3. Social Responsibility Ethical leaders understand their Companies like ITC in India focus on
responsibility not only to shareholders sustainability by implementing
but also to society and the eco-friendly practices and
environment. They prioritize supporting rural development.
sustainable and socially responsible
practices.

4. Ethical Decision-Making Ethical leaders engage in transparent The Reserve Bank of India's
and principled decision-making monetary policy decisions exemplify
processes that consider the impact on ethical decision-making, balancing
all stakeholders. economic growth and stability.

5. Long-Term Perspective Ethical leaders prioritize long-term Tata Group's commitment to ethical
sustainability over short-term gains, practices and long-term
making choices that benefit the sustainability, even in the face of
organization and society in the long challenges, is evident in its history.
run.
1. Ethical Vision Ethical leaders have a clear vision of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's vision for
ethical principles and values and social justice and the Constitution of
strive to align organizational goals India reflects an ethical vision for the
with ethical standards. nation.

2. Moral Courage Ethical leaders exhibit moral courage Anna Hazare's anti-corruption
by standing up for what is right, even movement and fasts for the Jan
in the face of adversity or opposition. Lokpal Bill showcased moral
courage in India.

3. Ethical Accountability Ethical leaders hold themselves and The Satyam scandal and its
their organizations accountable for aftermath highlighted the importance
their actions, taking responsibility for of ethical accountability in Indian
both successes and failures. corporate governance.

4. Inclusive Leadership Ethical leaders value diversity and Kiran Bedi's leadership in the Indian
inclusivity, ensuring that all individuals Police Service promoted inclusivity
are treated fairly and respectfully, and gender equality.
irrespective of differences.

5. Ethical Decision Ethical leaders use frameworks like Indian judges often apply ethical
Frameworks virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and frameworks when interpreting laws
deontology to analyze ethical and delivering judgments, upholding
dilemmas and make principled justice.
decisions.
1. Integrity Integrity means being honest and Indian cricket legend Rahul Dravid is
sticking to your values, even when known for his integrity, refusing to
facing challenges or temptations. It's compromise on sportsmanship or
about doing the right thing, even when ethics throughout his career.
no one is watching.

2. Moral Courage Moral courage is the bravery to stand In India, social activist Medha Patkar
up for what is morally right, even demonstrated moral courage by
when it's difficult or unpopular. It's advocating for displaced
about doing the right thing, not the communities affected by
easy thing. development projects.

3. Authenticity Authenticity involves being true to Indian author Arundhati Roy is

oneself and not pretending to be known for her authenticity in
someone you're not. It's about being speaking out on social and political
genuine and sincere in your actions issues that matter to her.
and words.

4. Accountability Accountability means taking The Indian government's "Digital

responsibility for your actions and India" initiative reflects accountability
their consequences. It's about owning in providing digital services and
up to both successes and failures. transparency in governance.

5. Wholeness Wholeness is the idea of being Spiritual leader Sri Sri Ravi Shankar
complete and balanced in all aspects promotes wholeness through his
of life, including personal, teachings on holistic well-being and
professional, and ethical dimensions. meditation.
1. Ethical Theories Ethical theories are frameworks that In India, Mahatma Gandhi's
help us determine what is morally philosophy of non-violence (ahimsa)
right or wrong. They provide is a well-known ethical theory that
guidelines for ethical decision-making. influenced the freedom movement.

2. Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism is the belief that India's diverse culture and the
moral values are relative to a specific acceptance of various dietary
culture or society and can vary across practices illustrate cultural relativism
cultures. in ethics.

3. Ethical Egoism Ethical egoism is the idea that The pursuit of individual wealth and
individuals should act in their success is a common example of
self-interest, prioritizing their own ethical egoism in the Indian
well-being over the interests of others. business context.

4. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that Indian government policies aiming to

suggests that actions should be improve the welfare of the majority,
judged based on their ability to such as poverty alleviation
maximize overall happiness or utility. programs, reflect utilitarian
principles.

5. Environmental Ethics Environmental ethics focuses on India's efforts to protect its national
ethical responsibilities towards nature parks and wildlife sanctuaries align
and the environment, emphasizing the with the principles of environmental
need for sustainable practices. ethics.
1. Ethics in Governance Ethics in governance emphasizes the India's anti-corruption movement led
importance of ethical behavior and by Anna Hazare and the introduction
decision-making in public of the Lokpal Act are examples of
administration and policymaking. efforts to enhance ethics in
governance.

2. Public Accountability Public accountability refers to the India's Right to Information Act
obligation of government officials to empowers citizens to demand
be transparent, responsible, and transparency and accountability
answerable to the public for their from government authorities.
actions and decisions.

3. Anti-Corruption Anti-corruption measures include India's "Clean India" campaign and

Measures policies and initiatives aimed at the digitization of government
combating corrupt practices and services are measures to reduce
promoting ethical conduct in corruption and enhance ethics in
government. governance.

4. Social Justice Social justice involves ensuring fair India's reservation policies for
and equitable treatment of all disadvantaged communities in
individuals, particularly marginalized education and employment are
and vulnerable populations. efforts to promote social justice.

5. Corporate Social CSR involves businesses taking Indian companies like Tata Group
Responsibility (CSR) voluntary actions to contribute have extensive CSR programs
positively to society and the addressing education, healthcare,
environment beyond profit-making. and sustainable development in
local communities.
1. Historical Memory Historical memory refers to the The memory of India's struggle for
collective recollection of past independence from British colonial
events, including their impact on rule is a significant historical
societies and individuals. memory in the country.

2. Trauma Trauma involves psychological and The trauma experienced by

emotional suffering resulting from survivors of natural disasters or
distressing events or experiences. It communal violence in India
can have long-lasting effects on underscores the importance of
individuals and communities. addressing trauma and its
consequences.

3. Memory Politics Memory politics involves the The controversy surrounding the
deliberate manipulation of historical portrayal of historical figures and
narratives and memories for political events in India's textbooks is an
or ideological purposes. example of memory politics.

4. Commemoration Commemoration involves honoring India's celebration of Republic Day

and remembering significant events, and Independence Day is a form
figures, or groups to preserve their of commemoration of its historical
memory and impact. journey towards self-governance.

5. Collective Collective responsibility emphasizes India's efforts to rectify historical

Responsibility that societies and nations share wrongs, such as through
responsibility for addressing affirmative action policies, reflect a
historical injustices and ensuring a commitment to collective
more equitable future. responsibility.
 ABA is a scientific approach that In India, ABA is used to provide
1. Applied Behavior uses principles of behavior to behavioral therapy and
Analysis (ABA) understand and improve behaviors interventions for children with
of individuals, especially those with autism spectrum disorders.
developmental disorders.

2. Behavior Modification Behavior modification involves In Indian schools, teachers may

systematically changing behavior by use behavior modification
applying principles of reinforcement, techniques to encourage positive
punishment, and other strategies. behaviors in students.

3. Ethical Guidelines Ethical guidelines set standards for The Behavior Analyst Certification
the ethical conduct of behavior Board (BACB) sets ethical
analysts, ensuring the welfare and guidelines that are followed by
rights of clients. behavior analysts in India to
protect clients' interests.

4. Informed Consent Informed consent involves obtaining Behavior analysts in India must
permission from clients or their obtain informed consent from
guardians after providing clear and parents or guardians before
understandable information about working with children.
proposed interventions.

5. Confidentiality Confidentiality requires behavior In India, behavior analysts working

analysts to protect the privacy and with individuals with mental health
confidentiality of client information issues adhere to strict
and data. confidentiality standards.
1. Moral Philosophy Moral philosophy is the study of The moral philosophies of
ethical principles, values, and Mahatma Gandhi, emphasizing
theories that guide human conduct non-violence and truth, continue to
and decision-making. influence Indian society and
politics.

2. Moral Dilemmas Moral dilemmas are situations The ethical dilemmas encountered
where individuals face difficult by healthcare professionals during
choices between conflicting moral the COVID-19 pandemic
principles or values. underscore the complexity of
moral decision-making in India.

3. Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism posits that moral India's diverse cultural practices
values are relative to cultural norms and traditions illustrate cultural
and can vary across cultures. relativism in moral beliefs and
values.

4. Moral Objectivism Moral objectivism asserts that there The Indian legal system is founded
are objective moral truths or on moral objectivism, with laws
principles that apply universally, and regulations that apply
regardless of cultural or individual uniformly to all citizens.
beliefs.

5. Moral Responsibility Moral responsibility involves the Environmental activists in India

obligation to act ethically and be often argue for corporate moral
accountable for one's actions and responsibility regarding
their consequences. environmental conservation and
sustainability.
1. Engineering Ethics Engineering ethics focuses on In India, the collapse of
ethical considerations and infrastructure projects due to poor
responsibilities in the practice of engineering practices highlights
engineering, ensuring public safety the importance of engineering
and well-being. ethics.

2. Professional Integrity Professional integrity in engineering The Indian Institute of Technology

emphasizes honesty, transparency, (IIT) community values
and adherence to ethical codes in professional integrity in research
professional work. and innovation.

3. Risk Assessment Risk assessment involves In India, ethical risk assessment is

evaluating potential hazards and essential in projects like dam
ethical implications in engineering construction, where communities'
projects to minimize harm. lives and livelihoods are at stake.

4. Environmental Engineers play a critical role in India's push for renewable energy
Sustainability promoting environmental projects and green infrastructure
sustainability by designing exemplifies a commitment to
eco-friendly solutions and reducing environmental sustainability in
ecological impact. engineering.

5. Social Responsibility Engineers are socially responsible Engineers in India work on

in Engineering for considering the broader impacts projects like affordable housing
of their work on society and and disaster management,
addressing societal needs and reflecting their social responsibility.
challenges.
1. Moral Objectivity Moral objectivity asserts that there The Indian legal system operates
are objective moral truths or on the premise of moral objectivity,
principles that apply universally, ensuring that laws and regulations
independent of individual beliefs or are consistent and apply to all
cultural norms. citizens.

2. Ethical Relativism Ethical relativism suggests that India's rich tapestry of cultural
moral values are relative and vary practices and traditions illustrates
among cultures and individuals, with the diversity and ethical relativism
no objective moral truths. in moral beliefs and values.

3. Ethical Theories Ethical theories are frameworks that Indian philosophers like Chanakya
provide guidelines for determining and Kautilya developed ethical
what is morally right or wrong, theories that continue to influence
helping individuals make ethical governance and political thought in
decisions. the country.

4. Moral Dilemmas Moral dilemmas are situations The ethical dilemmas encountered
where individuals face difficult by healthcare professionals during
choices between conflicting moral the COVID-19 pandemic highlight
principles or values. the complexity of moral
decision-making in India.

5. Moral Responsibility Moral responsibility entails the Environmental activists in India

obligation to act ethically and be often emphasize corporate moral
accountable for one's actions and responsibility regarding
their consequences. environmental conservation and
sustainability.
1. Pluralism in Ethics Pluralism in ethics acknowledges India's diverse cultural, religious,
that there are multiple valid ethical and ethical landscape reflects the
perspectives and values that may pluralism in moral values and
sometimes conflict, making ethical perspectives in the country.
decision-making complex.

2. Ethical Frameworks Ethical frameworks provide Mahatma Gandhi's application of

systematic approaches to ethical non-violence (ahimsa) as an
decision-making, helping individuals ethical framework significantly
navigate moral dilemmas. influenced India's freedom
movement.

3. Moral Diversity Moral diversity highlights the India's secularism as enshrined in

existence of different ethical its constitution underscores the
viewpoints and the need to respect importance of respecting moral
and engage with differing moral diversity and religious pluralism.
beliefs.

4. Ethical Reasoning Ethical reasoning involves critical Indian courts employ ethical
thinking and analysis of moral reasoning in interpreting laws and
issues, considering various ethical delivering judgments to uphold
perspectives and implications. justice and fairness.

5. Applied Ethics Applied ethics involves the practical Ethical debates surrounding
application of ethical principles to medical practices like euthanasia
real-world situations and issues, and surrogacy in India exemplify
addressing moral concerns in applied ethics in the country.
specific contexts.