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Week 1

Ngữ âm, âm vị học

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Thị Tuyết Nguyễn
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6 views15 pages

Week 1

Ngữ âm, âm vị học

Uploaded by

Thị Tuyết Nguyễn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHONETICS AND

PHONOLOGY

Prepared by Do Phuong Hoa


Course overview
06 actual learning weeks

Assessment
▪ Participation: 10% = Quiz for each week => average score
▪ Progress test: 30% = Written test (online)
▪ Final Test: 60% = Written test
PHONETICS AND
PHONOLOGY
Lesson 1

Prepared by Do Phuong Hoa


01
Phonetics & Phonology
Phonetics
“the science which studies the characteristics of human sound-
making, especially those sounds used in speech, and provides
methods for their description, classification and transcription”
(Crystal, 2008, p. 363)
=> Concerns the linguistic performance

Branches:

(a) articulatory phonetics: studies the way speech sounds are


made (‘articulated’) by the vocal organs
(b) acoustic phonetics: studies the physical properties of speech
sound, as transmitted between mouth and ear
(c) auditory phonetics: studies the perceptual response to speech
sounds, as mediated by ear, auditory nerve and brain.
Phonology
the study of how sounds systematically behave
=> learn how sounds often pattern together in groups with
respect to where they occur and how they interact with other
groups of sounds (Genetti, 2019)
=> Concerns the linguistic competence

Branches:

(a) Segmental phonology: analyses speech into discrete


segments, such as phonemes
(b) Suprasegmental phonology: analyses those features which
extend over more than one segment, such as intonation
Summary

Phonetics Phonology
the characteristics of how sounds pattern and
human sound-making function in a given language
Summary

articulatory phonetics
acoustic phonetics
auditory phonetics
phonology

Burleigh & Skandera (2016)


Summary

Phonetics Phonology

internal / external
concrete / abstract
cognitive / physical
psychological / biological
02
Transcribing sounds
a. Orthography
traditional alphabetical spelling system

(-) One letter can represent more than one sound


E.g. <c> represents /k/ (car, cool, etc.) or /s/ (city, police, etc.)
(-) One sound can be represented by more than one letter
E.g. /ʌ/ is represented by <o> (son, mom, month, etc.)
or <u> (cut, shut, tub, etc.)

(-) There are silent letters


E.g. knight, mnemonic, ghost, doubt, debt, etc.
b. The International Phonetic Alphabet

Principles of the IPA:


▪ The symbols are universal
▪ The symbols are unambiguous

Phonemic transcription vs. Phonetic transcription


▪ Phonemic transcription represents the ➢ /kæt/, /kɪt/, /kɒt/, etc.
abstract sound system of a language (slant bracket)
▪ Phonetic transcription represents the actual
➢ [kæt], [kʰætʰ], [kʰæˀt̚ ],
pronunciation -> using diacritics [kʰæʔ], etc. (square bracket)
The IPA revised to 2015. Source:
https://www.internationalphoneticasso
ciation.org/content/full-ipa-chart
REFERENCES
Crystal, D. (2008). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., Hyams, N., Amberber, M., Cox, F., & Thornton, R. (2018). An introduction to
language (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Genetti, C. (Ed.) (2019). How languages work: an introduction to language and linguistics (2nd ed.)
Cambridge University Press.
Skandera, P., & Burleigh, P. (2016). A manual of English phonetics and phonology: twelve lessons with
an integrated course in phonetic transcription (3rd ed.). Gunter Narr Verlag.
Zsiga, E. C. (2020). The phonology/phonetics interface. Edinburgh University Press.

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