CHAPTER

DULE-

1 Integral Transforms

1.1 INTRODUCTION

which solutions of
The theory of integral transforms affords mathematical devices through
conduction of heat,
numerous boundary value problems of engineering can be obtained e.g.
transmission Iines
transverse vibrations of a string, transverse oscillations of an elastic beam,
etc.
The choice of a particular transform to be employed for the solution of an equation
transform can
depends on the boundary conditions of the problem and the ease with which the
be inverted.An integral transform when applied
to a differential equation reduces the
partial
number of its independent variables by one.

1.2 DEFINITION

The integral transform flp) ofa function Flx) is defined as

IFx)) = Ap) = |. Fx) K(p, x) dx,

where K(p, x) is a known function ofp and x, called the kernel of the transform:p is called the
parameter of the transform and Flx) is called the inverse transform of fpP).
Some of the well-known transforms are given below:

0)Laplace Transform. K(p, x) =ep*

LIFa)) = fp) = | Flx) eP dx

(i) Complex Fourier Transform. K(p, x) = e'pr

FIF)) =fp) = Fx) ei dx

-oo

(ii) Hankel Transform. K(p, x) = * J, px)

HIF) =p) Flx)r J, (px) dx

=

where J, (px) is the Bessel function of the first kind and of order n.
iw) Mellin Transform. K(p, x) = xP-l

MIFa)) =fp) =Ax)xl dr.

Other special transforms arise when the kernel is a sine or a cosine function. These lead
tO Fourier sine or cosine transforms respectively.
M-2.1
 THEOREM
1.3 FOURIER INTEGRAL

interval (- c, c), however large.

Statement. If conditions in every
Dirichlet's
() Fx) satisfies

(nFr)| dr converges;
Ft) cos lt -
x) dt dr
Plx)=
then
called Fourier integral of F(x).
The integral o n the right hand side is
in (-c, c) is given by
Proof. We know that
Fourier series of a function F(x)
1
2 , cos+b,
sin
Fx) C C

where,
Pe) dt
ni
a, Ft) cos- C d
and 6, F s i nnc dt
in we get
Substituting the values ofa a, and b, (1),
cos t cos 2 + sin s i n Ft) dt
Fle) PO) dt+ C C c

COS
nalt- Ft) dt
n=l

Ifwe assume that |F(x)|dx converges i.e., F(x) is absolutely integrable on ther-a
the first term on right side of (2) approaches 0 a s c o since

2c -e

From (2), F)= LimEPt)cos nr(t- x) dt

C

=
Lim
A 0 T
n = 1
a)F) cos tn(AAKt -x)) dt (3) where C

This resembles a Riemann sum of a definite

integral and is of the form
Lim fn A1)
Hence
n=l ie,fadh
as co, (3) reduces to

Fla)=
Ft) cos t - x) dt d
which is known as Pourier integral of
Fx). Eqn. (4) is true at a point of
continuity
 At a point of discontinuity, the value of the integral on the right in

IFx+0) + Fx 0.

AFOURIER SINE AND coSINE INTEGRALS

We know that
cos A(t x )
=cos t cos Ax + sin At sin x
Fourier integral of Flr) can be written as

Fx) = F()lcos At cos Ar + sin sin Axl dt dh

cOs Ar FU) cOs u dt dh + i n x F t ) in u dt d

..1)
Case I. When Flx) is an odd function
Ft) cos is odd while F(t) sin U is even. Thus the first integral in (1) vanishes and we get

Flx) = sin Ax Ft) sin At dt da

This is called Fourier sine integral.

Case II. When F\x) is an even
function
FO) cos M is even while F) sin At is odd. Thus, the second integral in (1) vanishes and
we get

Fx) cos AxFt) cos dt d

This is called Fourier cosine integral.

1.5 COMPLEX FORM OF FOURIER INTEGRAL

Fourier integral of Fx) is

Fx) Ft) cos At- x) dt d» ...(1)

Since cos At - x) is an even function of A, we have from (1),

Fl) Ft) cos A(t - x) dt dh

.(2)
Also, since sin A(t - x) is an odd function of A, we have

O Ft)sinlt -) dt dh .(3)
-0o

Multiplying (3) by i and adding to (2), we get

Fx)= Ft) lcos At-x)+i sin Mt-x)] dt dh
Ft).e- dt d

Fx) e Ft).e dt da
which is known the
as
complex form of F ourier integral.
 1, for x|s1 as a Fourier
Example 1. Express the function F(x)= o, for |x |> 1 ntegro
.He
evaluate c sin a cos x d.
CA.K.T.Uu2
Sol. Fourier integral for Flx) is

Flx)= Ft)cos Alt x) dt dr -

-15,
cos cos A(t -

x) dt dr Ft)= 1o, otherw

sin A(1 x) -sin A(-1-x)) da

sin (1+)+ sin A(1-22 |an

2 r sin l cos A
da

sinsin cos Adh=Fa) =T/2, for | s 1

x

0.
0, for |x|>
| x|>11)
Note. Putting x =
0, we get sin d= or, sin
d dx =
Example 2. Using Fourier sine integral, shouw that

J cos TA sin (xh) da /2,0, whenwhen 0<x<m\=

> t
Sol. Let, Flx)= TU2, 0<x<t|
0, x>
Using Fourier sine integral, we have
Fx) sin
Tt Jo Ft) sin t dt d
-ain x sin t dt dr|
sinx -cost 1-cos t
0 sin (xa) d
cos cos Tth
A sin (xA) dh =F(x) TU2, O<x<n\
=
 E xample 3. Ustng Fourier integral representation, show that
S i n xw
2 do 2 >0 i i ) c o s d o = , x 2 0.

Sol. (i) Fourier sine integral is

(ito 1t+0
Flx)-sinAF)sin u dt dh
e sin sin t dt da Let Flx)=er

ain 1+3-sin -Acos ) d

sin A
0
a22sin
T Jo 1+
A da
a sin
o 1+23 dh ,x>0
Or,
sin do =e,x>0
1+0
(ii) Fourier cosine integral is

Fl)-cosAxFt) cos At dt dh
e: cos Axe cos t dt dh Let F(r) =e*

e
cos 1422 cos +1 sin t) d
0

2o 1

Jo 1+12
cos d5",x20
( Cos o*
or, Jo 1+0 do=,x2 0.
Example 4. Using Fourier integral representation, show that

C cos x) +0 Sin xo |0 , ifx<0

do= {d2 , ifx =0.
1+0
Te, if x>0
Sol. From example 3, we have
cOS x
do=
Jo 1+0do=",x>0 and osin
1402 do="e,
xo do *e, X>0
=
*>0

Adding, we get
cos xo+0Sin xodo=e +e,x>0
1+0
= pe, >0
 cos x0 + do
when x 0, Sin x do =
1+2 | tan
=
J 1+ o

when x <0,

J0
COS x + 0 Sin xo
do =), o sin xo do =e-, =
0
1+o 1+0
Hence
0, ifx <0
s cOs x0 +0 Sln cu dO ={i2,
J0
10
if x =
0
Te, if x > 0
Example 5. Find the complex form of the Fourier integral representation of
lekx 0 and k>0
Ax)= 0,
, otherwise
Sol. We know that the complex form of Fourier integral representation of flx) is gi
Ax)= 2T ft)e dt da
Here, =e", x>0 and k>0
ft)0,
ft)
otherwise

. From (1),

i - d t |da

-(k-in) Jo

PROBLEM SET-I
1. Using Fourier integral representation, show that
ear 2a
e 242 d; a>0,x20. (A.K.T.U.
2. Find Fourier sine integral for F(x) e-r =

3.
3. Using Fourier integral representation, show that
A sin Ax (eo* -Bar
Jo RE da=T e

a+2x2 + -
Hence find the Fourier sine
integral representation of e -

e-x.
0, x<0
4. If Fl) {x, 0Srsti, then show that
=

0, x>r

Fx)= AT sin MT -x) + cos A(t-x) -

cos hx] da
 INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS
M-2.7
5. Using Fourier integral formula, prove that

cos Ax dh =e cos x, ifx >0

x
d=e cos x, i
Using Fourier integral method, prove that

s i n Ar dà =sin x, if 0sxsm
0, if x>n
cos cos r if
-da = .
cos x, |«|<|
2
1-2
0, if
1. Find Fourier sine integral representation of
) F(x)=
0, 1<x
0<x<1
{k, <2 , where k is a constant. (ii) F(x)=2,0Sx 1.
0, x >2
8. Find Fourier cosine integral representation of
n 0, , 0xsrl
(i) Flx)
Fla) =10,, 0sxs2)
=

(i) Flx)
(i) =

. Find the complex form of the Fourier otherwise

integral representation of
0,-co <x<-1
={z, -1<zc0
Flx)
0,
10. If Fourier cosine integral of a function Flx) can be represented as

Flx)= A(A) cos xa dh. where A() = P ) cos M dt

Prove that
Flaz)-A(cokda (a>0)

ANSWERS (PROBLEM SET I)

3.3. sin Ax dh
Jo + 1 +4)
i)Fle)= 2 (cos A cos 2A)
7. s i n x dn

2 sin
(ü)F = cos +
sin Ar dà
+ Co8 AT
8. i) Fx) =-4 cos Àx dh
3-1
(i) Fx) = 2 sin 2 cos 2-1 Ax d
cos

9. Fx) =
M-2.8 in each finite
FOURIER
T R A N S F O R M

piecewise
c o n t i n u o u s

parti
1.6
COMPLEX

interval (-, oo)is

the then
defined on oo),
function
Flr)
integrable
in (- ,
Ifa
and
absolutely
Flt).eP" dr Plx) is ea
interval

Ap)=FIF))
=| denoted by
Ap).
The
function

call
and is
transform of Flx)
Fourier
the
is defined as
Fourier
transform offp). transform is given by
inverse Fourier
the formula for
inverse
The
Ap).e dp.
F-l Ap))=Ft) =

the
formulae as e-ipx.fp)dp.
authors write and Fx) =

Note. Some
00

eiPx Fx)dx
p2
IFx)) orf.
is d e n o t e d by F.
TRANSFORM
FOURIER SINE o

Flx), 0
<r<
1.7 function

Fourier sine
transform ofthe
The infinite
and defined by
fp)= | Fx). sin pxdr* transform of F, IF(x).
inverse Fourier sine
the
function Flx) is called
and the
formula is given by
The inverse
* p).sinpx dp.
Fx)= F,, (p))
=

FOURIER CosINE TRANSFORM

1.8
Flx). 0<* <ois
denoted by F.[Fa)]
function
The infinite Fourier
cosine transform ofthe
(p) and
defined by
p)= FIFa))
=
| Fx).cos px de
called inverse Fourier cosine transform off (p).
and the function Flx) is
infinite Fourier cosine transform is given by
The inverse formula for
Flc)-P-p)l = f.p). cos px dp.

1.9 SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS

oo Sin mx
1.
da=m 0) 2.d 2
e +pr 1
dsec -T<a<t) dtan.-rea
S1n adr=*e"" sin
Sin
sin br,
br, (r> 0).
-b)2
 PROPERTIES OF FOURIER TRANSFORMS
1.10
1.10.1 Linear Property

Iffp) and fypl are the Fourier transforms of F,x) and F(x) respectively then
FleF a)+cF a)] = cfp) + cSp)
and c are constants.
where c,
Proof. We have.

F leF,)+c,F,tx)) = ]_le,F,(a)+ czF,(z).e dr

_F).e dr*eaF,(r) eP de
=c F Fa)) + cF[F,x)] = c,f(p) + ca fap).

1.10.2 Change of Scale Property (Similarity Theorem)

Iffp) is the ecomplex Fourier transform of Fix) then

FIFar))= a 0.

Put ax =t
dt
Proof FFlar)) = Flax)dx d=

dr()
From this property, it is evident that if the width of a function is decreased while its
height is kept constant then its Fourier transform becomes wider and shorter. If its width is
increased, its transform becomes narrower and taller.
Remark. f fp)and f.p) are Fourier sine and cosine transforms of Fx) respectively then

F,IPlax) and F.Flar)) =

1.10.3 Shifting Property

Iffip) is the compler Fourier transform of Fx) then

FIF-a)] = elap f(p)|

Proof. F [Flr-a)] = | Ft-a).e* dx Put x- a=u

d x dx =du
=Flu)ePlua' du = eiap Fu)ep" du = eiap f\p).
1.10.4 Modulation Theorem
ffp) is the complex Fourier transform of Fx) then (A.K.T.U. 2017)

F[x) cos ax] =fp + a)

+f(p -a)]
2
 F IFr) cos ax] .F(r) cos a r d
Proof.
dx

up+a) , Fx) dr p-a)x. Fx) dr|

.

Ap+a) +Ap -a)).

harmonic carrier
television where the
wa

This result has application

in radio and Na
nodulated by an envelope. respectively then
and a r e Fourier sine
and cosine
transforms
of Flr)
Note. If f.p) f(p)

(F,IFr)cos ar) V,p+a) fP -a)

=

(uF, IPlr)sin ax] =

UP-a)-fP +a))

F, IP)sin ar) VP+ a)-fP-a).

4
1.10.5 Convolution Theorem
M.TU 2014, U.P.T.U.20
the interval (-o, oo) is defined as
The convolution of two functions Flr) and G(r) over

H(x).
P G Fu). Gr -u) du =

is the product ofu

Statement. The Fourier transform of the convolution of Flx) and Cx)
Fourier transform i.e.,

FIFx) Gx)=FIRx)). FIG(x)

Proof. We have,
FIFr) G)) = F { u ) . Glx - u) du

Flu).Gr-u) duee* dx

on changing the oi
Gr-u).eP dx} du
| of integration
-
Fu). ipdx-)G(x -

u) dx u)e" du
-

=
Flu G)de du wherer - u =t

eip Flu) du. F{G()

e.F(x) dx. F[G(x)} =

F{F(x)). F{G{«)}
1.10.6 If F, (F(M)] = 4,(p) and F.[Flx)] = f,(p), then

) F, x Fx) =-fp) d
dp
Proof.i)
f.p)=F)cos px dx
da
d p)=-Fx).xsin px dx =-F, Flx)

F, x Fla)) =-dp

(i) f,p)= Fa).sin px dx

d
da p)= Flx).x
0 cos px dx F. =
Fx))

F. Flx) =dn P)
Example 6. Find the Fourier transform of following functions:

(i) Fx) = fora<x<b|

0, otherwise (i)Fix)= 2 xse
0
(ii) Flx) =ela| (iv) Fx)=esll, a > 0
(()
)F)=Tor|t
F)= 0, |<a
for|t |> a)
Sol. i) fp)-).edr-e.e dx
eilo+px 7b ilo+ pb ilo+pla
e
| ilo+ p) Ja ilo+ p)

ii) fp)=Fa).eP dx
- da= E
(cos px +i sin px) dx

sin pe
p d P pe

(ii) p)=Flx d =l d
0

=e dx+ i dx
2.12
-(1-4plr 1
elplr 70 2 2
-(1-ip Jo 1+ip 1-ip 1p?
1+ip
(iv) We have just
proved that

Fle-l)-1+p
scale property, we get
Using change of 2a
Flea =
2 2 p+a2

1+/ a

(w) p)=F). emdt |tepldt =

pt + i sin pt) dt 2it sin pt dt

=

t(cos

2
cos pt -

P P

a + s i n pe
)"
2i
COs ap

1
2i cos ap +sin ap (sin ap a p cos ap).
p
Example 7. Find the Fourier transform of the function
Sin ax
(i)F(x) = xea|«, a >0 (ii)F(x) = ,a>0

f o r - a <x<0|
(ii) Flx) =
1-, a
for 0< x <aa
0, otherwise
Sol. i) Ap) =
_xel Ieim dx a

=
xe eiP dx +xe" eipr dx =| xelanip dx + |xe-a-p dx
eatip)x ea-ip)x )* ea-ipx
de +
a+ip a+ip - (a -ip) -

(a -

ip)
dr

ea+ip)x 1 ela-p)x
1 4 iap
a+ ip -(a-ip J a+ip)2 (a-ip) (a2 +p2)2
Sin ax
(ii)
Ap)= eid= Sin ax
(cos px+ isin px) dx
S i n ax
2
cos px dx = sin (a + P) X + sin (a- p) Xdx ...(1
o
 CANe I. If |pl < a then a +p und a p hoth nre ponítive and then (1) gives

Ap-2'2 is
(a + p) in positive whereas (a -P)
Case II. If |p|> a then for positive values of p,
while (a - p) in positive. Consequently,
negative and for negative vnlues of p, (a p) i negative
+

we get

Ap) o r 2 ' 2 =0
)=, Ipl<al
Hence, fp)= 0, |p|>a
(iii) Ap)-P).emds 1 e de =
1-e dx

...(1)
e e' dx+ |xe'P dx-xedx

d
ip

ip

1-e"Pa) - (ein -1
2
le-ypa pa + eipa] = ( 1 - c o s ap);p #0
2
ap ap ap
when p = 0,

p)=1.d+ da-d From (1)

= 2a + =2a 2a a =a

Hence,
( 1 - cos ap); p0
fAp) = {ap2
a; p=0
Example 8. Find the complex Fourier transform of dirac delta function &x - a).

Sol. Fl&x-a)) =
x-a) eip dx .

ipx \a+h
= Lim | eipx dx = Lim-
h 0Ja
h 0h ip
eiph
= Lim epa
Lt
e p a

h>0
iph iph 0
Remark. For the function &t), F(&t)) = 1.
 transfo
M-2.14 Hence find the
Fourier
form of
Fourier
transform of e .
Find the
Example 9.
A.K.T.U. 2017)
(i) Flx)=e*"2
(i)Fx)=e ,la
> 0 cos 2x
(iv)Fx)=e*
(iii) Flr)
=e dir-9 --ipx) de
dx
Sol.
Ap)= de e =

Put x-
2
d dx =d

Fe)=2p e dz =y+ep4) ..1)

() By change of scale property,

va
(i) Comparing with the result of deduction (i), we get a = 5

Hence, Fe2)=2Rep'/2)
(iül) We have, from (1),

Fle)=ep'

By change of scale property

Hence, Fledir-3=3ip eg16)_ T3ip-(p'/16)
(iv) We have, from (1), 2 By shifting property
Fe)=Te-p')
Fecos 2x) = -
..i*a*|
Example 10. Find the inverse Fourier By Modulation theorem
Sol. transform of f(p) erlply=

Plt)- -pb,e dp
ePi dp +P dp
1ePly-ir) )0
2 ey+ix)p
y ix
|-(y +ix))
=

y+ix
tly+)
 Example l1. Find the Fourier transform of

Fx)= 0, ixl>a) (U.P.T.U. 2016, 2014, 2010)

Hence evaluate

8in ap cos px
(i)
p
dp (i dp.
Sol. Ap)= Fa).e d =
1.e d =2cos px dx
-
2 sin ap
*0
For p 0, we find fip) 2a =

Taking Inverse Fourier transform of fip), we get

2 sin
Flc) 27T p).edp =
P apeip
p
ddp

sinap (cos px-isin px) dp

P
J1, xl<a1 sin ap cos px dp Second integralvanishes
10, x]>a P

cosdp=,
px dp=0, lxl<al ...i)
P
Hence the first result.
«1>0)
sin ap coS P T, x<a
Again, from (i), 2
P dp=0, x]>a)
sin ap cos pxnT2, |x|<a|
P iz}>a)
Putting r = 0 and a =1, we get
Bin P. dp2
transform of Flx) * *l<1
Example 12. Find the Fourier
=
0, if x|>1

x cO8 - 8in * (U.P.T.U.2015)

and use it to evaluate co8d.

Sol. Fourier transform of Flx)

is given by

p)=eie. Flu) d =ei(1-) d

cospx (1-x) dr +i sin px -x) dr
(1

Integral
Using property of Definite
px (1- x*)
d
2cos
 Sin pxdr
sin p dr
INTE

pf-2)

M-2.16 - cos p Sin pr

P p

-
4 p-p cosp)
S i n t r a n s f o r m

Fourier

formula
for
p ) . e d p

inversion

By
(sinp -p
cos
sin p-pCOs2dp
d
Fa) S1-pcos
-isin px). P
(cospx integral
co Using
prop. ofdefinite
sin p -p
COs p cos pxdp |
S p

(sin p-pcOs p) cosdp

Put F
p cos p-S1n cosd

where
37T
From eqn.(2),eospsn
p cosdp=
Replacing p by x, we get
rcoSxScosdr=-
2 16
transform ofthe function AF(t)
Example 13. Find the Fourier
shown in the adjoining figure.

2, for-1<t<1 ]
Ft)= 1, for -2<t< - 1
Sol. Here,
1, for 1«t<2

Fourier transform is given by,

fp)-1.e d 2.e dt1 . d

+2
2 ip1 ip
24p eP
ip ip p
 e2ip 2ip
ip p

=(2sin p) +-2sin 2p =42 sin p (1 +2cos p).

p P

Example 14. Find the Fourier sine transform of e-l x1, Hence evaluate ex 2
sin mx d.
+
Sol. In the interval
(0, ), x is positive so that e-lx I = e".
Fourier sine transform of flx) e* is given by
=

Fx))= Ax) sin px dr =

esin px dr
0

-
sin px- p cos px) P
1+p
Using inversion formula for Fourier sine transform, we get

fx)- Fa) sin pxdp or sin px dp

Replacing x by m, we have e- sin mx
sin mpdp= 1+x2
dx

s i n m*
Hence, 1+ dd x -
e-m

Example 15. Find Fourier sine transform of a >0. Hence find Fourier sine

transform of (G.B.T.U. 2011; U.P.T.U. 2015)

Sol. fp)= J F ) sin px dx = sin px ds = I (say) ..(1)

dl
-.sin px dx Differentiating (1) w.r.t.p
dp dp

lsin(sin px)d = .x
cos px dx =
cos px dr
-at
e
- a cos px + p sin px)|
J0

Integration w.r.t. p yields,

I=tan ..(2)
Initially whenp = 0, I= 0 C 0 From (2)
From (2), I=tan-

sin px dx =tan-
 Take limit as a s0

sin pr dx*2
transform ofthe
followinR function,
ns
Fourier cosine
Example 16. Find

Pix)=1-x, <r<l1

cOs r, 0 <x<a
ear +e cosh ax
or
(i)Fx) = ( i )Fx)= cosh x a

(iv)Fx)=e+4e ( )Fx)= sin- 2

el/2
Sol. (i) fp) = Flr)cos px dx = xcos px dr Jva cos px dr

=sin pr /2 /2 sin px dx - i n p- - 1 n p
p P v2 P
1/2
1
2ain p V2

cosp-cos

1 - -1- cos p
(ii) fp= Flx) cos px dr

px dx a
= cos x cos =
cos (1+p)x +
cos (1 -prl dx
1 sin (1+ px sin (1-p)x sin (1+ pla sin (1- pa
2 1+P 1-p 2 1 1-p
(ii)
t- cos px dr =
e+e
dx
e p) +e *ipx e d p ' + e ' p'r
e+e dx

COS a+1p cos 2

a-ip
2
 INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS M-2.19

2 cos coS
ip a
coscosh
2 cos ip = cosh p
cos a+ip
Pcos cOs a +cosh p
2

(iv) fp) = (e-2* +4e-3*) cos px dx

2 12
=
ecos px dx +4 3
cos px dx
=2+4 p+9
p+9
2
(u) f,p)= sincos
2
px dx = dx

| dx

- Im. part of" e*2px) d

dx = Im. part of
(x+p)
= Im. part of x+ p-pdx = Im. part of e 2 dx

I m . part of -ip12) T
V 2i

= Im. part of -i sino +i sin

in in
Fourier sine
Example 17. Find Fourier cosine transform of and hence find

transform of AKT.U. 2018, 2017)

a2

.(1)
Sol. tsp)-J 0 1+ x
cos
px dx =I (say)

d - x Sin p dx = - r (1+x -

1) sin px dx
1+ x(1+ x*)
dp
=- sinpx dx + sin px dx
x(1+*)
..(2)
- dp Sin p r
x(1+x2)
dx
 cOSPd =l
M-2.20 r cos p dx = 1+

Jo x(1+x
Again,

dp I=c P+¢2e
e+ CaeP
(3) is,
I=e, 6) P
Solution of dl eP-
C,
eP

dn
dp

Whenp = 0,

and dp
and (5), we get T72
Applying to (4)
-
=

= T2 and c -C
C tCa w2
C
=
0, C
so that,

From (4),
COs p
14d=er

Differentiating w.r.t. p, we get

-

x sin px sin px
s ixn p dx =
e
d=-e
14
1 4 2

Jo

Example 18. Find the Fourier cosine transform of e .

Sol. Fourier cosine transform of e is given by

F.le=ecospx dx=I (say)

Differentiating w.r.t. p, we have

do-sinprdr = sinpr) (-2 e)de

inpr-PcO8 cos px e dIntegrating by p=

cospx drr = -

dp

Integrating, we have log I = -

+ log A or I=Ae 4

Now whenp =0, from (1), I :

2
From (2),
2 =A
 INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS
M-2.21

Hence,
I-F,le-
Example 19. If fp)=5 tan 2
then find Flx). (M.T.U. 2014)
Sol.
tan tan
p1-1-an an
Flx)=
cOs px dp

cos px dp
cos px dp P+1/S prdp

(say) ..(1)

where 1
sinpdp
1

(p-1
Sin dp
Ttr do (p-12+1P

Similarly,

From (1),
. sinpx Sin px
-dp
Tt Jo (p-1 +1 (p +1* +1
esin
27ETesinx-e sin (-)
Example 20. Solve the integral equations:

1, 0st<1
()fxl cos x dx =
e" (ii) F)sin tx dx ={2, 1st<2.
(0, t22

Sol.i) f)- cosaxci : fA)= e*

(ii) Fl) 0 sintx dt=sin tr dt+2sin tx dt

cos tr
- 0

21 cOs2 COS 2x COS

(1+ cos x-2 cos 2x).