B. M. S.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE – 560019

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS – 3
UNIT-3 : FOURIER TRANSFORMS

Formulae :-

The Fourier transform of f  x  is given by F  s    f  x e
isx
dx


1
The Inverse Fourier transform of F  s  is given by f  x    F se
i s x
ds
2 

The Fourier Sine Transform of f  x  is given by Fs  s    f  x  sin sx dx
0

The Fourier Cosine Transform of f  x  is given by Fc  s    f  x  cos sx dx
0

2
The Inverse Fourier Sine transform of Fs  s  is given by f  x    F  s  sin sx ds
 0
s


2
The Inverse Fourier Cosine transform of Fc  s  is given by f  x    F  s  cos sx ds
 0
c

Infinite Fourier transforms

1. Find the Fourier transform of the following functions.
sin x 0  x   i s
a. f ( x)   . Ans: 1  e 2
 0 otherwise 1 s
 1
 2a if x a  sin(as )
b. f  x   . Ans:

0 if x  a 

as

 x for x  a   2i
c. f  x   . Ans: sin as  as cos(as)

 0 for x  a 
 s2
0    x  a 
d.

f  x  x

a  x  b . Ans:
s

1 isa 1

ae  beisb  2 eisb  eisa  
0 xb  s
 
cos x 0  x  1  1  is
e. f ( x)   . Ans: e is cos1  sin1  is 
0 otherwise  1  s2 
1  sin( s  1) sin( s  1)   1  cos( s  1) 1  cos( s  1)  
or    i   .
2  s  1 s 1   s 1 s 1 
x 2
f. f ( x)  e . Ans:
1  s2
2. Find the Fourier transform of e a x , a  0 . Hence deduce that e x
2 2 2
/2
is self-reciprocal in

e s
2
4 a2
respect of Fourier transform. Ans : .
a

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Dept. Math., BMSCE Unit 2: Fourier Series and Fourier Transforms

1 x  1 
sin x 2sin s
3. Find the Fourier transform of f ( x)    . Hence evaluate  dx .Ans: F ( s)  .
0 x  1 0
x s
a 2  x 2 x  a 
4. Find the Fourier transform of f ( x)    . Hence evaluate
 0 x  a 
 
x cos x  sin x x cos x  sin x x
a)  dx b)  cos dx
0
x3 0
x 3
2
4    3 
Ans: F  s    as cos as  sin as  a)    b)   
s3  4  16 
 s2 4
5. Given F  e x    e
2
, find the Fourier transform of
 
i) e2( x 3) ii) e x cos3x . iii) e x /3 iv) e4( x 3)
2 2 2 2

  
( s 3)2 ( s 3)2
   ii) 
e 
3is ( s 2 /8)  
 iii) 3 e3s 3is  s 2 /16
2
Ans: i) e e 2  e 2 4
iv)
2 2  2
 

1  x x 1 sin 2 x 
6. Find the Fourier transform of f ( x)  
 0 x 1
and hence deduce that 0 x2 dx  2 .
2
Ans: F  f  x    2 1  cos  s  
s
Infinite Inverse Fourier transforms
Find the inverse Fourier transform of
 x2 4 sa
 s2 e a sin as
i) e Ans: ii) e Ans: iii) , a  0.
2    a  x 
2 2 s

Infinite Fourier cosine transforms

1. Find the Fourier cosine transforms of the following functions.

e( s
2
4)
f ( x)  e  x
2
i) Ans:
2

ii) f ( x)  e  ax
cos ax Ans:

a s 2  2a 2 
s 4  4a 4
x 0  x 1 
  2 cos s  cos 2s  1
iii) f ( x)  2  x 1 x  2  Ans:
0 s2
 otherwise 

2. Find the Fourier cosine transform of e ax and hence deduce the Fourier cosine transform

cos  x
of f ( x)  xe ax , a  0 and also evaluate  d .
0
a2   2

a2  s2 cos  x   ax
Ans: F e   ax
 a
 2 2 F xe  ax
 and a d  e
a s
a  
2 2 2
2
 s2 0
2a

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Dept. Math., BMSCE Unit 2: Fourier Series and Fourier Transforms

Infinite Fourier sine transforms

I. Find the Fourier sine transforms of the following functions.

e ax s
1. f ( x)  ,a  0 Ans: tan 1  
x a

x sin mx  e m s
2. f ( x)  e
x
,hence show that 0 1  x2 dx  , m  0 Ans: Fs  s  
2 1  s2
sin x 0  x  a 1  sin( s  1)a sin( s  1)a 
3. f ( x)    Ans:  
0 xa  2  s 1 s  1 
4 x 0  x  1
   2cos s  cos 4s  1   2sin s 
4. f ( x)  4  x 1 x  4  Ans:   
0  s2   s 
 x4  

x sin kx
5. Find the Fourier sine transform of e  ax
, x  0, a  0 and hence evaluate  dx .
0
a2  x2
x
a 
Hence obtain the Fourier sine transform of 2
 x2

s x sin kx 
a
 ax
Ans: Fs (e )  2 2 and d  e ak , k  0
a s 0
2
x 2
2

Infinite Inverse Fourier cosine transforms

1. Find the inverse Fourier cosine transforms of the following functions

 1  s 
a   0  s  2a  1 sin  ax 
2

i) Fc ( s)   2  2  Ans: f ( x ) 
0 2 x2
 s  2a 
1
ii) Fc ( s)  Ans: f ( x)  e x .
1  s2
sin as 1 if xa
iii) Fc ( s)  Ans: f ( x)   .
s 0 if xa


1   , 0    1
2. Solve the integral equation  f ( ) cos  d  
0
0,  1
 2
sin t
Hence evaluate 0
t2
dt

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Dept. Math., BMSCE Unit 2: Fourier Series and Fourier Transforms

Infinite Inverse Fourier sine transforms

1. Find the inverse Fourier sine transforms of the following functions

e as 2 x
i) , a0 Ans: tan 1  
s  a
s
ii) Fs ( s)  Ans: f ( x)  e x
1  s2

 1, 0  t  1

2. Solve the integral equation  f ( x) sin tx dx  2, 1  t  2
0 0, t  2


Convolution
The convolution of two functions f ( x) and g ( x) over the interval  ,   is defined as

f g  

f (u ) g ( x  u ) du  h( x)

Convolution theorem
Statement: The Fourier transform of the convolution of f ( x) and g ( x) is the product of their
Fourier transforms.
i.e., F  f ( x)* g ( x)  F  f ( x)  F g ( x)

Problems
i
1. Use convolution theorem to find the inverse Fourier transform of , given that
1  s 2 2

2 x
is the Fourier transform of e .
1  s 
2

2
 s2
2. By employing the convolution theorem, show that inverse Fourier transform of e is
x2
1  2
e .
2
  
e
1 1  a u  b x u 

1
3. Using convolution theorem, show that F  2 2  du
  a  s  b  s   4 a b 
2 2

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Dept. Math., BMSCE Unit 2: Fourier Series and Fourier Transforms

Parseval’s Identities
1. Parseval’s identities for Complex Fourier Transforms

If F(s) and G (s) are Fourier Transforms of f (x) and g (x) respectively, then
   
1 1
      f ( x) dx  
2 2
f ( x ) g ( x ) dx F ( s ) G ( s ) ds When f ( x ) g ( x ) F ( s) ds
2  
2 
Where bar implies the complex conjugate.

2. Parseval’s identities for Fourier Cosine Transforms

   
2 2
0 f ( x) g ( x) dx   0 Fc (s) Gc (s) ds When f ( x)  g ( x)  0  f ( x) dx   0  Fc (s) ds
2 2

3. Parseval’s identities for Fourier Sine Transforms

   
2 2
  Fs (s) Gs (s) ds When f ( x)  g ( x)    f ( x)  dx   F ( s) 

f ( x) g ( x) dx 
2 2
ds
0
 0 0 0
s

Problems
1. Using Parseval’s Identity for complex Fourier Transform to the function

1  x if x 1 
 x cos x  sin x 
2

2

f ( x)   show that  dx 
x 1
6

 0 if 0
x 15
2. Using Parseval’s Identity for complex Fourier Transform to the function

a  x if x a 
 sin t 
2
 
 sin t 
4

f ( x)   show that i)    dt  ii)    dt 

 0 if x a 0
t  2 0
t  3

3. Using Parseval’s Identity for Fourier Cosine Transform to the functions f (t )  e at and

dt 
 a
 bt
g (t )  e , show that  , where a  0, b  0 and hence
0
2
t 2
b 2
t 2
 2 a b  a  b

dt
evaluate 
0  t  1
2 2
.

4. Using Parseval’s Identity for Fourier Cosine Transform to the functions f ( x)  e a x and
1 if 0xa  1  e a  

2
sin ax
g ( x)  
0 if
evaluate
xa
 2  0 x  a 2  x 2 dx  2
 a 
5. Using Parseval’s Identity for Fourier Sine Transform to the function f (t )  e at prove that

t2 
 dt 
t  1
2
0
2 4

6. Using Parseval’s Identity for Fourier Sine Transform to the functions f ( x)  e a x and
  2
x2  x  
g ( x)  e b x
, evaluate  2 dx and hence show that   2  dx 
0  a  x  b  x 
2 2 2
0
x 1  4

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