Python Control Statements

In any programming language a program may execute sequentially, selectively or

iteratively. Every programming language provides constructs to support Sequence,
Selection and Iteration. In Python all these construct can broadly categorized in 2
categories.

A.Conditional Control Construct

(Selection, Iteration)
B. Un- Conditional Control Construct
(pass, break, continue, exit(), quit())

Python have following types of control statements

1. Selection ( branching) Statement Conditional Control

2. Iteration ( looping) Statement Statements
3. Jumping (break / continue)Statement
Un Conditional Control
Python Selection Statements Statements
Python have following types of selection statements

1. if statement
2. if else statement
3. Ladder if else statement (if-elif-else)
4. Nested if statement
Python If statements
This construct of python program consist of one if condition with one block of
statements. When condition becomes true then executes the block given below it.
Syntax:
if ( condition):
…………………..
…………………..

[Date] 1
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 …………………..
Flow Chart: it is a graphical
Flowchart
representation of steps an
algorithm to solve a problem.

Example:
Age=int(input(“Enter Age: “)) If (
age>=18):
Print(“You are eligible for vote”)

If(age<0):
Print(“You entered Negative Number”)

Python if - else statements

This construct of python program consist of one if condition with two blocks. When
condition becomes true then executes the block given below it. If condition
evaluates result as false, it will executes the block given below else.

[Date] 2
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 Syntax:
if ( condition):
…………………..
else:
…………………..

Flowchart

Example-1:
Age=int(input(“Enter Age: “))

if ( age>=18):
print(“You are eligible for vote”) else:
print(“You are not eligible for vote”)

Example-2:

N=int(input(“Enter Number: “)) if(n%2==0):

print(N,“ is Even Number”) Else:
print(N,“ is Odd Number”)

[Date] 3
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 Python Ladder if else statements (if-elif-else)
This construct of python program consist of more than one if condition. When first
condition evaluates result as true then executes the block given below it. If condition
evaluates result as false, it transfer the control at else part to test another condition.
So, it is multi-decision making construct.

Syntax:
if ( condition-1):
…………………..
………………….. elif
(condition-2):
…………………..
…………………..
elif (condition-3):
…………………..
…………………..
else:
…………………..
…………………..
Example:
num=int(input(“Enter
Number: “)) If (
num>=0):
Print(“You entered positive number”) elif ( num<0):
Print(“You entered Negative number”) else:
Print(“You entered Zero ”)
Python Nested if statements
It is the construct where one if condition take part inside of other if condition.
This construct consist of more than one if condition. Block executes when
condition becomes false and next condition evaluates when first condition became
true.
So, it is also multi-decision making construct.

[Date] 4
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 Syntax: FlowChart

if ( condition-1):
if (condition-2):
……………
……………
else:
……………
……………
else:
…………………..
…………………..

Example:
num=int(input(“Enter Number: “))
If ( num<=0): if ( num<0):
Print(“You entered Negative number”) else:
Print(“You entered Zero ”)
else:
Print(“You entered Positive number”)

Program: find largest number out of given three numbers

x=int(input("Enter First Number: ")) y=int(input("Enter Second
Number: ")) z=int(input("Enter Third Number: ")) if(x>y and
x>z):
largest=x elif(y>x and
y>z):
largest=y elif(z>x and
z>y):
largest=z
print("Larest Value in %d, %d and %d is: %d"%(x,y,z,largest))

Program: calculate simple interest

Formula: principle x (rate/100) x time
p=float(input("Enter principle amount: "))

[Date] 5
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 r=float(input("Enter rate of interest: "))
t=int(input("Enter time in months: ")) si=p*r*t/100
print("Simple Interest=",si)

Program: calculate EMI

Input the following to arrive at your Equal Monthly Installment -EMI:

1. Loan Amount: Input the desired loan amount that you wish to avail.
2. Loan Tenure (In Years): Input the desired loan term for which you wish to avail the
loan.
3. Interest Rate (% P.A.): Input interest rate.
4. EMI=[ [P*R*(1+R)N] / [(1+R)N-1] ]

P=int(input("Enter loan amount: "))

YR=float(input("Enter rate of interest P.A. : "))
T=int(input("Enter tenure(Installments) in years: "))
MR=YR/(12*100) # Monthly Rate
EMI=(P*MR*(1+MR)**T)/(((1+MR)**T)-1)
print("Principle Amount: ",P) print("Rate of
Interest(Yearly): ",YR) print("No. of
Installments: ",T) print("EMI Amount: ",EMI)

Program: Sorting of three number. (Ascending and Descending)

x=int(input("Enter First Number: ")) y=int(input("Enter
Second Number: "))
z=int(input("Enter Third Number: "))
min=max=mid=None if(x>=y and x>=z):
if(y>=z): min,mid,max=z,y,x else:
min,mid,max=y,z,x elif(y>=x
and y>=z): if(x>=z):
min,mid,max=z,x,y else:
min,mid,max=x,z,y elif(z>=x
and z>=y): if(x>=y):
min,mid,max=y,x,z else:
min,mid,max=x,y,z

[Date] 6
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 print("Numbers in Ascending Order: ",min,mid,max) print("Numbers in
Descending Order: ",max,mid,min) Program: Absolute Value
Absolute value of a given number is always measured as positive number. This
number is the distance of given number from the 0(Zero).
The input value may be integer, float or complex number in Python. The absolute
value of given number may be integer or float.

(i). Absolute Value of -5 is 5 (ii) Absolute Value of -3 is 3 (iii) Absolute Value of 4 is 4

n=float(input("Enter a number to find absolute value: ")) print("Absolute Value

using abs(): ",abs(n)) if(n-int(n)>=0 or n-int(n)<=0): # This code is used to identify
that number is float or int type. pass else:
n=int(n) if(n<0):
print("Absolute Value= ",n*-1) else:
print("Absolute Value= ",n)

Program: Calculate the Total selling price after levying the GST (Goods and
Service Tax) as CGST and SGST on sale. CGST (Central Govt. GST), SGST
(State Govt. GST)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Sale amount CGST Rate SGST Rate
--------------------------------------------------------------------
0-50000 5% 5%
Above 50000 18% 18%
--------------------------------------------------------------------
amt=float(input("Enter total Sale Amount: "))
if(amt<=50000): rate=5 else:

[Date] 7
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 rate=18 cgst=sgst=amt*rate/100
tot_amt=amt+cgst+sgst print("Amount of
Sale: ",amt) print("GST rate of Sale:
",rate) print("CGST of Sale: ",cgst)
print("SGST of Sale: ",sgst)
print("Total Payable Amount of Sale: ",tot_amt)

Python Iteration Statements

The iteration (Looping) constructs mean to execute the block of statements again
and again depending upon the result of condition. This repetition of statements
continues till condition meets True result. As soon as condition meets false result,
the iteration stops.
Python supports following types of iteration statements

1. while
2. for
Four Essential parts of Looping:
i. Initialization of control variable ii. Condition
testing with control variable iii. Body of loop
Construct
iv. Increment / decrement in control variable

Python while loop

The while loop is conditional construct that executes a block of statements again
and again till given condition remains true. Whenever condition meets result false
then loop will terminate.
Syntax:
Initialization of control variable while
(condition):
…………………..

[Date] 8
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 Updation in control variable
..…………………

Flowchart

Example: print 1 to 10 numbers num=1 #

initialization
while(num<=10): # condition testing
print(num, end=” “)
Body of loop
num + = 1 # Increment

Example: Sum of 1 to 10 numbers.

num=1 sum=0
while(num<=10):
sum + = num
num + = 1
print(“The Sum of 1- 10 numbers: “,sum)
Example: Enter per day sale amount and find average sale for a week.

[Date] 9
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 Python range( ) Function
The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default,
and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified number. The common
format of range() is as given below:

range ( start value, stop value, step value )

Where all 3 parameters are of integer type

Start and Step Parameters are
Start value is Lower Limit optional default value will be as
Stop value is Upper Limit
Step value is Increment / Decrement Start=0 and Step=1

Note: The Lower Limit is included but Upper Limit is not included in result.
Example
range(5) => sequence of 0,1,2,3,4
range(2,5) => sequence of 2,3,4
range(1,10,2) => sequence of 1,3,5,7,9
range(5,0,-1) => sequence of 5,4,3,2,1
range(0,-5) => sequence of [ ] blank list (default Step is +1)
range(0,-5,-1) => sequence of 0, -1, -2, -3, -4
range(-5,0,1) => sequence of -5, -4, -3, -2, -1
range(-5,1,1) => sequence of -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0

L=list(range(1,20,2)
Print(L) Output: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]

Python for loop

A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a string
etc.) With for loop we can execute a set of statements, and for loop can also execute
once for each element in a list, tuple, set etc.

[Date] 10
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 Example: print 1-10 numbers Example: print 10-1 numbers for num in
range(1,11,1): for num in range(10,0,-1): print(num, end=” “)
print(num, end=” “)

Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Output: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Print each element in a fruit list: fruits =

["mango", "apple", "grapes", "cherry"] for x in
fruits:
print(x)
Membership Operators:
output: mango The “in” and “not in” are membership operators. These
apple grapes operators check either given value is available in sequence or
cherry not. The “in” operator returns Boolean True result if value
exist in sequence otherwise returns Boolean False.
for x in "TIGER":
The “not in” operator also returns Boolean True / False
print(x) output:
result but it works opposite to “in” operator.
TIG
ER

else in for Loop

The else keyword in
for loop specifies a
block of code to be
executed when the
loop is finished:

for x in range(4): print(x,

end=” “) else:
print("\nFinally finished!")
output: 0 1 2 3
Finally finished!

Nested Loops
A nested loop is a loop inside another loop.

[Date] 11
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 city = ["Jaipur", "Delhi", "Mumbai"]
fruits = ["apple", "mango", "cherry"]
for x in city: for y in fruits: print(x,
“:”,y) output:
Jaipur : apple
Jaipur : mango
Jaipur : cherry
Delhi : apple
Delhi : mango
Delhi : cherry
Mumbai : apple
Mumbai : mango
Mumbai : cherry

Un- Conditional Control Construct

(pass, break, continue, exit(), quit())

pass Statement (Empty Statement)

The pass statement do nothing, but it used to complete the syntax of programming
concept. Pass is useful in the situation where user does not requires any action but
syntax requires a statement. The Python compiler encounters pass statement then
it do nothing but transfer the control in flow of execution.

a=int(input("Enter first Number: "))

b=int(input("Enter Second Number: "))
if(b==0): pass else:
print("a/b=",a/b)

for x in [0, 1, 2]: pass

Jumping Statements

[Date] 12
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 break Statement
The jump- break statement enables to skip over a part of code that used in loop
even if the loop condition remains true. It terminates to that loop in which it lies.
The execution continues from the statement which find out of loop terminated by
break.

n=1 while(n<=5):
print("n=",n) Output:
k=1 while(k<=5): n= 1 k= 1
if(k==3): break k= 2 n=
print("k=",k, end=" ") 2 k= 1 k=
k+=1 n+=1 print() 2 n= 3
k= 1 k= 2
Exit the loop when x is n= 4 k= 1 "banana":
k= 2 n=
fruits = ["apple", "banana", 5 k= 1 k=
"cherry"] for x in fruits: if x 2 ==
"banana": break
print(x)
output: apple
Continue Statement
Continue statement is also a jump statement. With the help of continue statement, some
of statements in loop, skipped over and starts the next iteration. It forcefully stop the
current iteration and transfer the flow of control at the loop controlling condition.
i = 0 while i <=10:
i+=1 if (i%2==1):
continue print(I, end=”
“)
output: 2 4 6 8 10

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] for x in

fruits: if x == "banana":
continue
print(x) output:
apple cherry

[Date] 13
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes
 [Date] 14
Vaibhav Mishra , PGT Computer Science Class_XI_Python_Notes