Equency Synthesizer
Equency Synthesizer
Equency Synthesizer
FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
To construct the frequency synthesizer and to obtain its output. EQUPMENTS REQUIRED:
THEORY: A frequency synthesizer is an electronic system for generating any range of frequencies from a single base fixed time or oscillator. They are found in many modern devices, including radio receivers, mobile telephone, radio telephones, walkie talkies, CB radio, satellite receivers, GPS systems, etc. A frequency synthesizer can combine frequency multiplication, frequency division and frequency mixing (the frequency mixing process generates sum and difference frequencies) operations to produce the desired output signal. A phase locked loop does for frequency what the automatic gain control does for voltage. It compares the frequencies of two signals and produce an error signal which is proportional to the difference between the input frequencies. The error signal is then low passed filtered and used to drive the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) which creates an output frequency. The output frequency is fed through a frequency divider back to the input of the system; producing a negative feedback loop. If the output frequency drifts, the error signal will increase, driving the frequency in the opposite direction so as to frequency at the other input.
Model Graph: