Unit-III (Topic - 4)
Unit-III (Topic - 4)
Unit-III (Topic - 4)
Sc (Physics)
UNIT – III
UNIT- III
Display device and Analyzer
CONTENTS
Fundamentals of Spectrum Analyzer
Wave Analyzer
Harmonic Distortion Analyzer
Network Analyzer
Logic Analyzer
MRI and CT scanners
Fundamentals of Spectrum Analyzer
Introduction
The different instruments which are used for signal analysis are wave
analyzers, distortion analyzers, spectrum analyzers, audio analyzers
and modulation analyzers.
Processor/Display
The display is the final part of this analyzer that generates the results as
preferred by the operator.
The signal processor or display processes the intermediate frequency signal
& displays the information on the cathode ray tube screen.
Working:
The above network analyzer block diagram working is, first the
signal source generates an incident signal to DUT. After that, the
signal separation device divides incident, reflected & transmitted
signals.
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of a network analyzer include the following
• SNA type is not applicable for phase-related measurements.
• As compared to the SNA type, VNA performs sweep slower.
• VNAs are very complex because of the full heterodyne architecture utilized within
the receiver of it.
• VNAs are expensive as compared to SNAs.
LOGIC ANALYZER
A logic analyzer is a device that captures the data of the digital
system and provide the display to the captured data for analysis.
Construction: Block diagram of Logic Analyzer
After receiving the signal from the system under test (SUT), it samples
the input signal at certain clock frequency.
In the sampling process, it compares the input signal with a certain
threshold voltage at each sample point (i.e., at each clock pulse) and
depending upon the result of comparison it converts the input signal
at that sampling instant into a logic 1 (High) and logic 0 (Low) state.
If the level of the input signal is higher than the threshold voltage it is
recognized as logic-1 and if its level is less than the threshold level is
recognized as logic-0.
The sampled data is then stored in the memory of logic analyzer with
each sample point occupying a single memory location.
Application of Logic Analyzer
A logic analyzer has the ability to capture and display the data of
multiple digital signals (usually more than eight) at a time.
Hence, a logic analyzer can be used to examine a large number of
digital signal lines of a digital system.
Text Books:
1. H. S. Kalsi, “Electronic Instrumentation”, McGraw Hill Education, 4th Edition (2019).
2. Helfrick and Cooper, “Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques” PHI, (2009).
3. A. K. Sawhney “Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation”, Dhanpat Rai and
Co. (2008).
4. Dinesh K. Aswal and Shiv K. Gupta, “Science and Technology of Chemiresistor Gas Sensor”, Nova
Science Publishers (2007).
5. https://www.elprocus.com/network-analyzer/
6. https://electricalworkbook.com/logic-analyzer/
References:
1. L. Cromwell, F. J. Werbell and E. A. Pfeiffer, “Biomedical instrumentation and Measurements”,
Prentice-Hall, 2nd Edition (2011).
2. A.J. Bouwens, “Digital Instrumentation”, McGraw Hill Education, (2004).
3. S. M. Dhir, “Applied Electronics and Instrumentation”, McGraw Hill Education (2002).
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