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    Development of Reforestation Techniques at Degraded Sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia and Southern Part of Thailand

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    Development of reforestation techniques at degraded sites in east kalimantan, Indonesia and southern part of thailand. Lack of seed source and severe environmental conditions disturb progressing of succession. Degraded lands are left as low productivity and low biodiversity.

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    Development of Reforestation Techniques at Degraded Sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia and Southern Part of Thailand

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    munazzakiran
    36 views25 pages
    Development of reforestation techniques at degraded sites in east kalimantan, Indonesia and southern part of thailand. Lack of seed source and severe environmental conditions disturb progressing of succession. Degraded lands are left as low productivity and low biodiversity.

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    08_Tange

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    Development of reforestation techniques at degraded sites in east kalimantan, Indonesia and southern part of thailand. Lack of seed source and severe environmental conditions disturb progressing of succession. Degraded lands are left as low productivity and low biodiversity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views25 pages

    Development of Reforestation Techniques at Degraded Sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia and Southern Part of Thailand

    Uploaded by

    munazzakiran
    Development of reforestation techniques at degraded sites in east kalimantan, Indonesia and southern part of thailand. Lack of seed source and severe environmental conditions disturb progressing of succession. Degraded lands are left as low productivity and low biodiversity.

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    Development of reforestation techniques at degraded sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia and southern part of Thailand

    Tange Takeshi The University of Tokyo

    Background
    Vast area of tropical forests is degraded by human activities every year. The degraded lands are left as low productivity and low biodiversity. Lack of seed source and severe environmental conditions disturb progressing of succession.

    Degradation and recovery


    Climax forest with mosaic structure Selective cutting Self recovery, enrichment Proper shifting cultivation Mixture of climax species and pioneer species Short-rotation sifting cultivation Large-scale forest fire Artificial planting

    Domination of pioneer species with short life-span Artificial planting Unsuccessful agricultural Degraded land development

    Purpose
    Development of reforestation techniques for degraded lands with various soil conditions Development of planting techniques of dipterocarps at degraded lands Improvement of nursing techniques of planting stocks

    Study sites

    N a r a t h i w a t

    Nararhiwat, Thailand

    Sebulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

    Project in Sebulu, Indonesia


    Reasons of degradation: forest fire(1982-83), illegal felling, shifting cultivation Experimental Forest: 3000ha of degraded land Management: Indonesian staffs + one Japanese staff Joint Research Project (19912003) Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia PT. Kutai Timber Indonesia Sumitomo Forestry Co. Ltd. The University of Tokyo

    Fig. Sebulu Experimental Forest consists of developed forest dominated by dipterocarps, secondary forest damaged by fire, sifting cultivation and grass land

    Nursing of dipterocarp seedlings


    Raising from seeds, cuttings and wildings Infection of ectomycorrhizae Physical properties of potting media Light condition

    Artificial planting of dipterocarps

    Shorea leprosula

    Dryobalanops lanceolata Under-planting

    Open planting

    Fig. Artificial planting at grass land (open area planting) and secondary forest dominated by pioneer species (under-planting)

    Survival and growth of planted dipterocarp seedlings

    Fig. Survival rate and height growth of Shorea leprosula and S. pauciflora planted by different planting methods (Matsune et al. 2005) solid square: 6m wide line planting hatched square: 10m wide line planting open square: 20m wide line planting open circle: open area planting solid circle: underplanting solid triangle: 5x5m gap planting hatched triangle: 10x10m gap planting

    Trial of social forestry


    Making a contract with farmers Agro-forestry using fruit tree and fast growing tree

    Hindrance for continuation of research project


    Friction with local people concerned in social custom in right of land use Deposit of coal under the research site Change in economic activity from selfsufficiency to a market economy system Large-scale forest fire (1997-98)

    Project in Narathiwat, Thailand


    Reasons of degradation: unsuccessful agricultural development in swamp area Problem soil: sand, peat, acid sulfate soil Joint Research Project (1994 Royal Forestry Department, Thailand The University of Tokyo

    Fig. Agricultural development of swamp forest at Narathiwat, southern part of Thailand (photo by K.Kojima)

    Swamp forest at To-Daeng, Narathiwat Mean tree height is 25 m and aboveground biomass is 245 t ha-1.(Suzuki 1997)

    Dipterocurpus obtusifolius forests at sand dune D. obtusiforius is tolerant to open site conditions of sand dune. (NorisadaKojima 2005)

    Fig. Abandoned agricultural lands Upper-right: sand dune Upper-left: peat swamp after wild fire Left: peat swamp dominated by Melaleuca cajuputi

    Fig. Planting trial at degraded sand dune in Narathiwat, southern part of Thailand

    Limiting factors of tree growth


    infertile soil, drought, high temperature, seasonal flooding

    Fig. Nurse tree effect on growth of dipterocarp seedlings

    Fig. Survival ratio and growth of seedlings planted at sand dune (Norisada et al. 2005) :open area :mix-planting with Acacia mangium ***:p<0.01

    VPD (kPa)

    4 2 0 50 40 30 20 50 40 30

    air

    open area forest floor of Acacia mangium

    soil 1 cm

    Temperature ( C)

    20 50 40 30 20 50 40 30 20 50 40 30 20 50 40 30 20

    soil 3 cm

    soil 5 cm

    soil 10 cm

    soil 20 cm

    Fig. Mitigation of high soil temperature by reforestation (Norisada et al. 2005)


    July August

    June

    Day of year

    (Photo by K.Kojima)

    Fig. Improvement of nursing techniques for dipterocarp species Large-size pot nursing improved survival of planted seedlings.

    Fig. Site preparation by a cultivator. It makes planting works easy and survival of planted seedlings improved (Photo by K.Kojima)

    Hindrance for continuation of field studies


    Political confusion concerned in Muslim people Wild fire Expanding of oil palm plantation

    Key factors for development of reforestation techniques


    Selection of tolerant species for mitigation of severe environment of degraded land Light control according to eco-physiological properties of planting species and soil productivity Nursing techniques for development of root system Social system to maintain forests for a long term

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