Cyclic Symmetry Topics

ANSYS V7.1 Modal Cyclic Symmetry: Answers to Common Questions Presented by: Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.
October 10, 2003
Presentation Goals
Present a Brief Overview of ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry. Address Common Questions Regarding the Procedures and the Related Commands. Discuss Potential Ways to Check for Proper Execution of the Procedures. Outline Potential Approaches for Modeling of Shroud Connections Using Cyclic Symmetry.
Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.
Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.
Presentation Topics
Overview of ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry Basic Assumptions/Restrictions Preprocessing Notes

Sector Definition CYCLIC Command Recommended Checks CYCOPT Command Recommended Checks Unexpanded Results /CYCEXPAND Command CYCPHASE Command Working with Part of the Model Recommended Checks
Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc. 3
Solution Notes

Postprocessing Notes

Modeling Approaches for Shroud Interfaces

Overview
Many structural components possess geometric characteristics which are repeated about an axis of symmetry (e.g. disks, gears, impellers). We can define the structure in terms of a primary segment which is repeated at equally spaced intervals about the symmetry axis. If the displacement BCs of all segments are identical with respect to the axis of symmetry, we can analyze the entire structure in terms of the mass and stiffness characteristics of a single segment. This technique is called cyclic symmetry. Its primary advantage is large savings in CPU/elapsed time and computer resources.
Overview
A proper sector represents a pattern that, if repeated n times in a cylindrical coordinate system, would yield the complete structure.
Single sector modeled Display full model results Low Edge
High Edge
Overview
By using the ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry capability we can obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the entire structure for a user-prescribed range of nodal diameters using the model of a single sector. We can also perform Linear Buckling analysis using this technique. Cyclic symmetry is implemented in ANSYS by defining constraint relationships between the high and low edges of the basic sector. The basic sector is used twice to satisfy the required constraint relationship. The definition of the constraint equations depends on the "harmonic index" specified.
Overview
The relationship between harmonic index, k, and nodal diameter, d, for a model consisting of n sectors is given by the following equation:
d = m n k ; m = 0,1,2,3K
For example, if there are 7 sectors (n = 7) and we specify k = 2, ANSYS will obtain the solution for nodal diameters 2, 5, 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, . . . The harmonic index range is from 0 to n/2 ([n -1]/2 if n is odd).
Overview
The equation relating nodal diameter, harmonic index, and number of sectors is shown in table form below:
Harmonic Index Nodal Diameter
k
0 1 2 3 4 . . n/2 (n even) (n-1)/2 (n odd) 0 1 2 3 4 . . n/2 (n-1)/2 n n-1 n-2 n-3 n-4 . . n/2 (n+1)/2 n n+1 n+2 n+3 n+4 . . 3n/2
d
2n 2n-1 2n-2 2n-3 2n-4 . . 3n/2 (3n+1)/2 2n 2n+1 2n+2 2n+3 2n+4 . . 5n/2 (5n-1)/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(3n-1)/2
Overview
HID
N/2
18
N/2
3N/2
2N
18
22
40 ND
58 62
A graphical representation of the table on the previous page is shown by this sawtooth,from which the harmonic index, required as input to ANSYS, can be determined by specifying the nodal diameter of interest. For example, a 58E driver exciting a rotor with 40 blades will elicit responses of 18, 22, 58, and 62, nodal diameters, which will all be found in the ANSYS solution for harmonic index 18
Overview
There is no way to select results by nodal diameter only harmonic index. Actual nodal diameter (and ring) must be determined via postprocessing of results. Normally, except for the first few nodal diameters, higher nodal diameters occur at higher frequencies.
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Basic ANSYS Assumptions/Restrictions
Cyclic symmetry is supported for static, modal, and linear buckling analyses. Sector model must be cyclically symmetric in any defined cylindrical system. The angle, spanned by the basic sector should be such that n = 360/ , where n is an integer. Contact (Node-to-node and surface-surface), constraint equations and couples are permitted. They are automatically copied to the duplicate sector.
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Basic ANSYS Assumptions/Restrictions
It is recommended that the basic sector should have matching right and left node patterns, i.e. for each node with position (r, , z) on the right edge, there is a corresponding node with position (r, +, z) on the left edge. If patterns do not match, ANSYS employs an unmatched-node algorithm (similar to that of the CEINTF command) to connect dissimilar meshes. The edges may be of arbitrary shape.
The edge components are defined using the CYCLIC command in either automatic or manual mode.
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Procedure for Cyclic Symmetry Modal Analysis
Modal Analysis:

Define the basic sector. Specify cyclic symmetry (CYCLIC), then mesh or vice-versa. Apply boundary conditions, couples, constraint equations etc. Specify MODAL analysis type and mode extraction options. Define cyclic symmetry options, including harmonic index range (CYCOPT). Solve modal analysis Save database now have 2 sectors Review results using CYCPHASE and /CYCEXPAND tools.
Procedure for Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal
Static Analysis:

Define the basic sector. Specify cyclic symmetry (CYCLIC), then mesh or vice-versa. Apply boundary conditions, couples, constraint equations etc. Include large deformation effects, load step options, etc. Turn prestress on manually if SOLCON,OFF Define cyclic symmetry options (CYCOPT). Solve static analysis Save database now have 2 sectors Finish out of SOLUTION mode
Procedure for Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal
Modal Analysis:

Re-enter SOLUTION mode. Specify MODAL analysis type and mode extraction options. Modify boundary conditions, as required. (Do not modify internal CPs or CEs). Turn prestress effects on (PSTRES,ON). Define harmonic index range (CYCOPT). Solve the modal analysis. Review results using CYCPHASE and /CYCEXPAND tools.
General Procedure Notes
Use release 7.1 documentation, as the procedure has changed significantly from release 5.7.
Advanced Guide > Chapter 6. Cyclic Symmetry Analysis.
Make sure to save the database after the modal cyclic symmetry solution.

Results need not be stored in database Do not require one database for each harmonic index Undocumented procedure can be used if database is not available*
*Discussed later
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Preprocessing Notes Sector Definition
Two options exist for identifying cyclic symmetry planes:

Automatic Procedure:
Issue the CYCLIC command to detect:

the number of sectors the sector angle cyclic coordinate system cyclic boundaries
Manual Procedure:

Select nodes along the lowest angle. Create a component of nodes: Utility Menu > Select > Comp/Assembly > Create Component Select nodes along the highest angle. Create a component of nodes: Utility Menu > Select > Comp/Assembly > Create Component Issue CYCLIC command specifying all fields Be sure to select everything when done!
DISC_M01L DISC_M01H
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Manual procedure is generally the most reliable. Edge components are usually readily available, since they were likely used to ensure matching mesh on boundaries. If manual mode is used, make sure components are named properly and that low and high edges are not reversed. Note that only one pair is required unless different DOF behavior is required in various regions (shrouds). Automatic mode can be used in the event that edge components are difficult to define manually. In this case, it is usually best to input as much information as is readily available:

number of sectors (NSECTOR) the cyclic coordinate system (KCN)
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Preprocessing Notes CYCLIC Command
CYCLIC, NSECTOR, ANGLE, KCN, NAME, USRCOMP

Automatically detects the number of sectors (NSECTOR), the sector angle (ANGLE), the cyclic coordinate system (KCN) and the cyclic boundaries based upon the solid or finite element model. KCN argument can be any defined cylindrical coordinate system number (global or local). Sector Pairing is accomplished by defining edge components
The naming convention for each low and high edge component pair is:
NAME_MxxL and NAME_MxxH where NAME is the root component name (default = CYCLIC) and xx is the component pair number (sequential, starting at 01)
USRCOMP is the number of pairs of user-defined low and high edge components (default = 0, auto detection of sector edges).
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Auto detection tries to use solid geometry if it is present. If user wants auto-detection to use nodes they should delete all solid model data, or manually specify edge components During CYCLICs matching up of AREA GROUPS from low to high (volume model),it checks:

surface area matches within length tolerance squared extreme keypoint locations correspond within length tolerance in R and Z extreme keypoint locations correspond within angle tolerance in THETA
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During CYCLICs matching up of LINE GROUPS from low to high (area model), it checks:

length matches within length tolerance extreme keypoint locations correspond within length tolerance in R and Z extreme keypoint locations correspond within angle tolerance in THETA
During CYCLICs matching up of ELEMENT FACE GROUPS from low to high (non-solid model), it checks:

surface area matches within length tolerance squared extreme node locations correspond within length tolerance in R and Z extreme node locations correspond within angle tolerance in THETA
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As of Version 7.1 ANSYS now correctly auto-detects mixed solid-shell models

****************************************************** ****** COMPUTED QUANTITIES *************************** ****************************************************** * NUMBER OF SECTORS = 10 * * SECTOR ANGLE = 36.000 * * CYCLIC COORDINATE SYSTEM = 1 * * EDGE COMPONENTS CONTAIN AREAS * * LOW EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01L MATCHED * * HIGH EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01H * * LOW EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M02L MATCHED * * HIGH EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M02H * * EDGE COMPONENTS CONTAIN LINES * * LOW EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M03L MATCHED * * HIGH EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M03H * ******************************************************
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If the CYCLIC command is issued prior to meshing:
Subsequent mesh (VMESH or AMESH only) will have matching nodes at the high and low edges. If line divisions are to be specified, they must be defined on the high component. Currently, volume sweep meshing (VSWEEP) is not supported for CYCLIC generated meshes.
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Preprocessing Notes Recommended Checks
Most errors in cyclic symmetry analysis are caused by improper definition of Low and High components or by conflicting CEs or CPs involving these components.

Is number of nodes identical on each boundary component? Is number of nodes in each boundary component consistent with what is expected? Is number of components > 99? Is cyclic coordinate system consistent with what is expected? Is number of sectors consistent with what is expected? Nodes involved in coupling and/or constraint equations should generally not be in the sector boundary components. If this occurs,check thoroughly.
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Solution Notes - CYCOPT Command
Cyclic symmetry options specified using CYCOPT Menu Path is Solution > Cyclic Options
CYCOPT, OPTION, Value1, Value2,, Value7
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CYCOPT, OPTION, Value1, Value2, Value3, Value4, Value5, Value6, Value7 If OPTION = HINDEX:

Harmonic index range of Value1 through Value2 in steps of Value3. Value4 = blank adds this range to the set to solve. Value4 = -1 removes this range from the set to solve. Repeat CYCOPT to add/remove other harmonic indexes. Value1 is the component pair ID number. Value2 Value7 are the constraint equation/coupling degrees of freedom (DOF) for this pair. Repeat CYCOPT to specify additional DOFs. Remaining fields are ignored.
If OPTION = DOF:

Other valid inputs for OPTION are STATUS and DEFAULT.
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If OPTION = NONR:
Value1 = 1 do not rotate nodes on sector boundaries into cyclic coordinate system. This is commonly used in conjunction with CYCOPT,DOF, to apply cyclic symmetric boundary conditions for specified directions across the sector boundaries. Note this option suppresses ALL nodal rotations on sector boundaries therefore, any sector edge nodes which need to be rotated into the cyclic coordinate system must be rotated manually before solution.
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If OPTION = TOLER:
The tolerance used to determine whether a node on the low edge is paired with a node on the high edge. Value1 > 0 = The absolute distance tolerance for automatic sectorboundary detection and low/high edge component node pairing. Value1 < 0 = The relative tolerance for automatic sector boundary detection and low/high edge component node pairing. The tolerance is Value1*Length where Length is the length of the diagonal of an imaginary box enclosing the model. The default tolerance is 1.0E-04 (also represented by Value1 = 0)
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If OPTION = MOVE:
Flag specifying whether ANSYS should move the high or low edge component nodes paired within the specified tolerance (TOLER) to create precisely matched pairs. Value1 = 0 do not move edge component nodes. This is the default. Value1 = 1 or HIGH to move the high edge component nodes to precisely match the low edge component nodes. Value1 = -1 or LOW to move the low edge component nodes to precisely match the high edge component nodes.
A typical command sequence to ensure node compatibility between the high and low sector edges would be to issue the CYCOPT,TOLER,TOL command followed be a CYCOPT,MOVE,1 or CYCOPT,MOVE,-1 command.
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Solution Notes
Solve the modal analysis using SOLVE command. After clicking OK, ANSYS generates the duplicate sector and the proper constraint equations and solves the eigenvalue problem for each harmonic index, k, specified by the user. Note that a separate modal analysis will be performed at this time for each harmonic index using the modal analysis and cyclic symmetry options defined previously. The results file will contain the results for each harmonic index as a separate load step.
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Solution Notes
Will generally need to extract twice the number of modes expected in a frequency range, since modes will occur in pairs. Exceptions are harmonic index 0 and N/2. When looking for nodal diameters higher than the harmonic index, make sure to extract more modes or modify frequency range for search, as these modes will generally appear at higher frequencies. Currently ANSYS does not automatically select the corresponding part of the duplicate sector when operating on only a portion of the model.
OUTRES,,,COMP will not be useful unless components contain corresponding duplicate sector entities. Need to run dummy static run to generate duplicate sector and then create components.
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Solution Notes Recommended Checks
Check constraint equation summary in output file:

NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT EQUATIONS GENERATED= 124 (USING THE MATCHED NODES ALGORITHM -- MAX NODE LOCATION ERROR NEAR ZERO) Meaning: 124 constraint equations are created, used, and then deleted to enforce cyclic symmetry conditions between the low- and high-edge nodes. Every node on the low edge is precisely matched to a corresponding node on the high edge, representing the best possible situation. NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT EQUATIONS GENERATED= 124 (USING THE MATCHED NODES ALGORITHM -- MAX NODE LOCATION ERROR = 0.73906E-02) Meaning: 124 constraint equations are created, used, and then deleted to enforce cyclic symmetry conditions between the low- and high-edge nodes. Every node on the low edge is matched to a corresponding node on the high edge within the current tolerance setting, but not all matches are precise. The largest position mismatch is 0.0073906.
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Solution Notes Recommended Checks
Check constraint equation summary in output file:

NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT EQUATIONS GENERATED= 504 (USING THE UNMATCHED NODES ALGORITHM) Meaning: 504 constraint equations are created, used, and then deleted to enforce cyclic symmetry conditions between the low- and high-edge nodes. At least one node on the low edge does not match any node on the high edge within the current tolerance setting, so
Carefully check errors and warnings about CEs or CPs Use /DEBUG,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1 (15 commas) to have ANSYS print the CEs that are generated to the output file if you think there is a problem.
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Use the General Postprocessor (/POST1) Four main steps:

List frequencies and read in results set (SET command) Display results on full 360 model (/CYCEXPAND). Perform a phase sweep of repeated mode shapes to determine the possible min/max displacements/stresses/strains values and phase angle at which they occur (CYCPHASE). Animate the traveling mode shape (ANCYC).
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List frequencies:

General Postproc > Results Summary Each harmonic index is stored as a separate load step.
Harmonic index 0, modes 1-5 Harmonic index 1, modes 1-5 Harmonic index 2, modes 1-5 Harmonic index 3, modes 1-5 Harmonic index 4, modes 1-5
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Postprocessing Notes Unexpanded Results
Prior to expansion, the results for each mode consist of results for both the original sector, often referred to as the real or cosine part of the solution, and the duplicate sector, often referred to as the imaginary or sine part of the solution. The results for the duplicate sector are zeroed out for harmonic indices 0 and N/2.
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Imaginary Part
Real Part
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When reviewing unexpanded results ANSYS displays the warning:
The mode shapes are normalized to the mass of the 2 sectors (not the full 360 mass). Divide by SQRT(N/2) to make it consistent with full 360.
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Postprocessing Notes - /CYCEXPAND Command
To turn expansion on, type the command /CYCEXPAND,,ON. ( General Postproc > Cyclic Analysis > Cyc Expansion ) All displays will now be graphically expanded to a full 360 image, by default. No new underlying nodes or elements will be defined for the model. Use of the /CYCEXPAND command does not change the database. The command does not modify the geometry, nodal displacements or element stresses.
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For /CYCEXPAND to work properly, the database must be saved subsequent to the modal analysis. An undocumented option in ANSYS 7.1 allows the user to read results directly from results file. Database is not required.

Issue a SET command with out a RESUME will pull geometry (base and duplicate sector) from RST file. /CYCEXPAND, and other cyclic symmetry commands are not displayed in the menu when using this method Issue /CYCEXPAND,,ON manually Gives warning

Copyright 2003
Refreshing the menu will now display cyclic commands. /CYCEXPAND,,EDGE has no effect
The /CYCEXPAND verifies a cyclically symmetric model by graphically expanding it partially or through the full 360. For nodal or element solution plots (PLNSOL, PLESOL), the command graphically expands displacements, stresses and strains of a cyclically symmetric model partially or through the full 360 degrees by combining the real or cosine (original nodes and elements) and imaginary or sine (duplicate nodes and elements) parts of the solution. For the print nodal solution operation (PRNSOL), expands the printed output of displacements or stresses on a sector-by-sector basis. The command affects element and result plots only. It has no effect on operations other than plot element solution (PLESOL), plot nodal solution (PLNSOL) and print nodal solution (PRNSOL). All other operations, such as NSEL and NSORT continue to operate on the unprocessed real and imaginary parts of a cyclic symmetry solution.
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Postprocessing Notes Plotting and Printing
Plotting (PLNS, PLES) and Listing (PRNS) results with /CYCEXPAND on:
THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z VALUES ARE IN GLOBAL COORDINATES ***** POST1 NODAL STRESS LISTING ***** NODAL RESULTS ARE FOR CYCLIC SECTOR 4 - PHASE ANGLE = LOAD STEP= 2 SUBSTEP= 1 FREQ= 771.19 LOAD CASE= 0 NODAL RESULTS ARE FOR MATERIAL 1 NODE 281 284 285
0.000
Use PowerGraphics procedures Show results for as many sectors as specified on /CYCEXP Use current RSYS Averaging at sector boundaries based on /CYCEXP,EDGE key PRNS lists complete results repeated for N sectors Normalizes to full 360 mass.
SX SY SZ SXY SYZ SXZ -2.2731 2.2952 0.36382E-01 0.94864 -0.27006E+07 0.90078E+06 0.33201E+07 0.91101E+07 1.2438 0.54312E+07 -76371. 0.53057E+06 -2.6673 -2.4419 1.2439 -1.8760 -76371. 0.53057E+06
THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z VALUES ARE IN COORDINATE SYSTEM 1 ***** POST1 NODAL STRESS LISTING ***** NODAL RESULTS ARE FOR CYCLIC SECTOR 4 - PHASE ANGLE = LOAD STEP= 2 SUBSTEP= 1 FREQ= 771.19 LOAD CASE= 0 NODAL RESULTS ARE FOR MATERIAL 1
0.000
NODE SX SY SZ SXY SYZ SXZ 281 0.85797 -0.83585 0.36382E-01 -2.3238 0.26121E+06-0.28349E+07 284 0.15515E+06 0.12275E+08 1.2438 -0.10750E+07-0.25008E+06-0.47413E+06 285 -0.80528 -4.3039 1.2439 -0.68689 -0.25007E+06-0.47413E+06
With CYCEXPAND,EDGE,1 284
RSYS,1 2.5915 -0.71828E+06-0.11392E+07-0.41714E+06
0.16096E+06 0.12104E+08
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/CYCEXPAND, -- , OPTION, Value1, Value2
If OPTION = ON: Activates cyclic expansion using the previous settings (if any). If no previous settings exist, this option activates the default settings. If OPTION = DEFAULT:
Reset options to default settings. Deactivates cyclic expansion. (Default) Lists the current cyclic expansion settings.
If OPTION = OFF:
If OPTION = STATUS:
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If OPTION = AMOUNT:
Specify the number of repetitions (Value1 = NREPEAT)

Value2 = number of repetitions (default is total number of sectors in 360 model)
or the total angle (VALUE1 = ANGLE)

Value2 = total angle in degrees. The default is 360.
If OPTION = WHAT:
Expand a specified portion or subset of the model where Value1 is the component name of elements to expand. Default is all selected components. Value1 = the phase angle shift which is typically obtained via the CYCPHASE command.
If OPTION = PHASEANG:
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
Non-unique repeated modes are a consequence of the cyclically symmetric geometry. A linear combination of the repeated modes is also a valid mode shape. To determine the peak values of stress, strain or displacement in the full structure, it is necessary to calculate the mode shape at all possible orientations using the CYCPHASE command.
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Used to determine peak values of displacement/stresses/strains at all possible angular orientations. (CYCPHASE):
General Postproc > Cyclic Analysis > Cyclic Phase > Phase Sweep Note that the cyclic phase sweep is only valid for harmonic index, h, solutions in the range of
0<h< N n / 2, n even N = (n 1) / 2, n odd

where n is the number of sectors.
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CYCPHASE, TYPE, Opt1

If TYPE = DISP, STRESS, STRAIN or ALL:
Maximum and minimum result quantities at each node in the basic sector model are calculated by performing a phase angle sweep. Opt1 controls the sweep angle increment to use in the search
Default is 1 degree. Maximum permitted value is 10 degrees. Minimum permitted value is 0.1 degrees.
If TYPE = PUT:
Puts the resulting sweep values over the results for the original sector model. This allows the display of MAX or MIN values on the original sector without performing an expansion. Opt1 controls which values are placed onto the model for results viewing
Valid input for Opt1 is MAX or MIN.
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CYCPHASE, TYPE, Opt1

Other valid inputs for TYPE are LIST, STATUS and CLEAR.

Opt1 is ignored for these values of TYPE. LIST will display a listing of the results from the previous phase sweep. STATUS will give a summary of the results from the previous phase sweep indicating the MAX and MIN values for each quantity in the phase sweep.
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CYCPHASE,ALL (or DISP,STRESS,STRAIN)
Calculates the maximum value of quantities that the sector will see as the cyclic traveling wave passes through it.
This is important and is the reason for the statement that the maximum component value in a Cartesian direction may not be correct unless it falls in the base sector. ANSYS is not listing the maximum value for the full 360, it is listing the maximum value for the base sector as the wave passes through it.
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Basic Sector
Summary of Modal Cyclic Symmetry Phase Angle Sweep Load Step = 1 Sub Step = 1
MINIMUM Node UX: UY: UZ: USUM: 10 25 25 761 Value
MAXIMUM Phase Ang (DEG) Node 180.0000 180.0000 0.0000 0.0000 10 25 25 10 Value Phase Ang (Deg) 0.0000 0.0000 180.0000 0.0000
-11.6257063 -2.51814374 -2.09678143 0
11.6257063 2.51814374 2.09678143 11.9554596
Max UY in RSYS,0 = 11.771
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CYCPHASE,ALL (or DISP,STRESS,STRAIN)
Loops through phase angles from 0 360 in user specified increment (default = 1 ) and stores maximum value. Uses the following equation:
SectA * COS () SectB * SIN ()

Normalizes to full 360 mass. The SectA and SectB values are extracted in the currently active RSYS, which allows for review of peak component values in a system other than Global Cartesian.
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MINIMUM Node (Deg) UX: UY: UZ: USUM: 25 10 25 1396 Value
MAXIMUM Phase Ang (DEG) Node 259.0000 65.0000 76.0000 334.0000 25 10 25 25 Value 0.881034052 2.30264036 Phase Ang 79.0000 245.0000
-0.88103405 -2.30264039 -5.67450146
CYCPHASE Performed in RSYS,1
5.67450154 256.0000 6.15796647 258.0000
0.030109599
MINIMUM Node (Deg) UX: UY: UZ: USUM: 10 25 25 1396 -2.30264036 -1.00769854 -5.67450146 245.0000 260.0000 76.0000 334.0000 Value
MAXIMUM Phase Ang (DEG) Node 10 25 25 25 Value 2.30264039 1.00769856 5.67450154 Phase Ang 65.0000 80.0000 256.0000 258.0000
CYCPHASE Performed in RSYS,0
0.030109599
6.15796647
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CYCPHASE,LIST
Lists the calculated maximum and minimum values and the phase angle at which they occur
List maximum and minimum value at each node in the basic sector. Mid-side node values are not available
Mid-side node values are set to zero, and are not listed by CYCPHASE,LIST
Once values are stored, RSYS has no effect on CYCPHASE,LIST
CYCPHASE,STAT
Lists the max and min for each component/invariant, the phase angle and the nodes at which they occur.
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CYCPHASE,PUT,(Max or Min)

Puts the CYCPHASE results back onto the basic sector for visualization purposes. For plotting, ANSYS automatically:
Unselects the duplicate sector Removes the /CYCEXPAND from plots Sets EFACET,1 (no mid-side node data available) Issues warning
Plots or listings (using PRNS - not recommended) should only be viewed in RSYS,0 regardless of what RSYS was used to generate the CYCPHASE values. Any other RSYS will display invalid results.
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CYCPHASE,DISP Performed in RSYS,1 Results of CYCPHASE,LIST at Node 25
Maximum Displacement and Phase Ang (Deg): UX Node 25 Phase (Deg) UY Phase (Deg) 2.2874 270.000 UZ Phase USUM (Deg) 6.158 258.000 Phase (Deg) 5.6745 256.000
0.88103 79.000
PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE
Results of PRNS in RSYS,1 after CYCPHASE,PUT
***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING ***** THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN COORDINATE SYSTEM 1 NODE 25 UX -1.1355 UY -2.1723 UZ 5.6745 USUM 6.1813
PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE ***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING *****
Results of PRNS in RSYS,0 after CYCPHASE,PUT

THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN GLOBAL COORDINATES 25 0.88103 2.2874 5.6745 6.1813
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CYCPHASE,PUT.. Continued
When plotting (PLNS) or listing (PRNS) results, the vector sum displacement (USUM) and the stress intensity (SINT) quantities are not valid.
These quantities are recalculated from the components upon plotting or listing. Thus, they may be combining components from different phase angles. Use CYCPHASE,LIST to obtain the correct values for these quantities.
When listing results (PRNS) the /CYCEXPAND information is not automatically removed. The user should issue /CYCEXPAND,OFF before using PRNS. Note: It is recommend to use CYCPHASE,LIST rather than PRNS to obtain a listing of the CYCPHASE maximum or minimum quantities.
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CYCPHASE,PUT.. Continued
No additional post-processing should be done on a model that has been updated with CYCPHASE,PUT without re-reading the results.
Avoid: /CYCEXPAND, Additional CYCPHASE commands, etc. ANSYS displays a warning on each subsequent plot or list
Issue a new SET command to re-read results into the database before continuing to post-process. Make sure to issue ALLSEL to activate duplicate sector.
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Working with Part of a Model
Note that both CYCPHASE and /CYCEXPAND work on only the currently selected parts of the model. ANSYS does not automatically select the corresponding part of the duplicate sector when operating on only a portion of the model. This is the users responsibility.
CYCPHASE results will be incorrect unless the corresponding part of the duplicate model is selected. CYCPHASE,PUT automatically unselects duplicate sector, so users should issue ALLSEL before subsequent operations. Take special care if partial data has been written to the results file using OUTRES,,,COMP.
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Poatprocessing Notes Recommended Checks
Verify rotation of low and high components into cyclic CS by checking nodal rotation angles. Do modes come in pairs, except harmonic index 0 and N/2? Are harmonic index 0 results identical for low and high components in cyclic CS? Do harmonic index 0 results exactly match CPCYC results? Does expanded shape look correct? Nonzero nodal forces should generally appear on low and high components.
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
Modeling of shroud interfaces with non-axial cuts requires special care. Different approaches exist for dealing with these interfaces in a modal analysis:
1. 2. 3.
4.
Shrouds are completely locked. Shroud interfaces are completely free. Shrouds are assumed locked in the normal direction and free to slide tangentially along their entire surface. Shroud contact status determined by static analysis using contact elements with friction. Subsequent modal analysis is conducted using conditions at the end of the modal analysis.
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Case 1 requires no special considerations for cyclic symmetry shrouds can be treated as integral and standard procedures apply. Case 2 requires no special considerations for cyclic symmetry shroud faces are not considered as part of edge components and left free. Cases 3 and 4 require special treatment if shroud contact surfaces are also defined as edge components.
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Case 3 - Shrouds are assumed locked in the normal direction and free to slide tangentially along their entire surface (no gap). Approach A
Edge of sector consists of shroud face nodes. Nodes on low edge manually rotated into a CS with axes aligned normal and tangential to shroud face. Nodes on high edge manually rotated into a CS identical to that of low edge, but rotated by the sector angle about the axis of symmetry.
HIGH
LOW
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HIGH
LOW
CS 22 CS 21 Local Z (CS 21, 22) is normal to the shroud surface
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SYSTEM TYPE 21 0 (CARTESIAN) 22 0 (CARTESIAN) SYSTEM 21 22 1.759 -3.442
CENTER 14.897 14.600 2.000 2.000
ORIENTATION VECTORS (X,Y,Z) 0.39 -0.06 -0.92 0.12 0.99 -0.01 0.91 -0.11 0.39 0.90 0.21 0.39 THYZ -0.590 -0.590 THZX 66.865 66.865 0.38 0.08 -0.92 -0.23 0.97 -0.01 XC YC 14.897 14.600 ZC 2.0000 2.0000
CSYS TYPE 21 22
LIST CYCLIC SYMMETRY STATUS ****************************************************** ****** CYCLIC SYMMETRY STORED QUANTITIES ************* ****************************************************** * NUMBER OF SECTORS = * SECTOR ANGLE = * CYCLIC COORDINATE SYSTEM = * COMPONENT NAME ROOT = CYCLIC * LOW EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01L * HIGH EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01H * DUPLICATE SECTOR DEFINED 18 20.000 1 * * * MATCHED * * *
THXY -6.987
0 1.7590 0 -3.4420
13.013
******************************************************
65
Approach A (continued)
LIST CYCLIC SYMMETRY SOLUTION OPTION STATUS LIST OF CYCLIC SYMMETRY HARMONIC INDICES TO BE SOLVED 0 THROUGH 2
CYCOPT,NONR, used to override automatic rotation of edge nodes into cyclic CS. NOTE: This will require manual rotation of all edge nodes into the proper CS, not only the shroud nodes. CYCOPT,DOF, used to specify which DOF are to be connected. In this case, only UZ and ROTX DOF (normal to shroud face) will be tied together using cyclic CEs. All other DOF are not considered as part of the edge, allowing the faces to slide relative to one another.
CYCLIC SYMMETRY EDGE COMPONENT PAIR 1 TO USE DEGREES OF FREEDOM UZ ROTX
CYCLIC SYMMETRY SPECIFIED DISTANCE TOLERANCE (RELATIVE) = 0.10000E-03 USER WILL APPLY NODAL ROTATIONS TO ALL EDGE COMPONENT NODES (ALL AUTOMATIC ROTATIONS SUPPRESSED)
66
Approach A (continued)
Solution and postprocessing proceed as usual.
67
Case 3 - Shrouds are assumed locked in the normal direction and free to slide tangentially along their entire surface (no gap). Approach B
Cut through shroud in a way which assures shroud faces DO NOT lie on the sector edges. Sector angle must be maintained, but edges need not be straight. Nodes on shroud faces manually rotated into a CS with axes aligned normal and tangential to shroud face. Nodes on high and low edges require no special treatment.
HIGH
LOW Shroud Face
68
HIGH
LOW
CS 21 Local Z (CS 21) is normal to the shroud surface
69
SYSTEM TYPE 21 0 (CARTESIAN) SYSTEM 21 1.759
CENTER 14.897 2.000
ORIENTATION VECTORS (X,Y,Z) 0.39 -0.06 -0.92 XC 0.12 0.99 -0.01 ZC 2.0000 0.91 -0.11 0.39 THYZ -0.590 THZX 66.865
CSYS TYPE 21
YC 14.897
THXY -6.987
0 1.7590
LIST CYCLIC SYMMETRY STATUS ****************************************************** ****** CYCLIC SYMMETRY STORED QUANTITIES ************* ****************************************************** * NUMBER OF SECTORS = * SECTOR ANGLE = * CYCLIC COORDINATE SYSTEM = * COMPONENT NAME ROOT = CYCLIC * LOW EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01L * HIGH EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01H * DUPLICATE SECTOR NOT DEFINED 18 20.000 1 * * * MATCHED * * *
******************************************************
70
Approach B (continued)
LIST CYCLIC SYMMETRY SOLUTION OPTION STATUS LIST OF CYCLIC SYMMETRY HARMONIC INDICES TO BE SOLVED 0 THROUGH 2
Couple appropriate DOF on shroud interface. In this case, only UZ and ROTX DOF (normal to shroud face) are coupled. All other DOF are not coupled, allowing the faces to slide relative to one another. Use of CYCOPT,NONR and CYCOPT,DOF is not required.
ALL CYCLIC SYMMETRY EDGE COMPONENT PAIRS TO USE ALL ACTIVE DEGREES OF FREEDOM CYCLIC SYMMETRY SPECIFIED DISTANCE TOLERANCE (RELATIVE) = 0.10000E-03 MOST RECENTLY COMPUTED ABSOLUTE TOLERANCE = 0.68236E-03, BASED UPON MODEL SIZE = 6.8236 EDGE COMPONENT NODES WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY ROTATED INTO THE CYCLIC COORDINATE SYSTEM
71
Approach B (continued)
Solution and postprocessing proceed as usual. Results are identical to Approach A
72
Although both approaches give the same results, Approach B has some distinct advantages:
Use of local CS for cyclic edges is not required. Approach A will become more complicated if there is a gap between the shroud faces, since the sector angle from face to face may not result in a repeatable sector. Approach B will have the gap internal to the sector and does not suffer from this complication. Approach B can be easily extended for the situation where a static analysis with contact is required to determine the shroud contact status for the modal analysis (Case 4). Coupling equations are simply replaced by contact elements interior to the sector. Trying to do this with Approach A will often be much more difficult.

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ANSYS V7.1 Modal Cyclic Symmetry: Answers to Common Questions Presented by: Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

October 10, 2003

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Overview of ANSYS Modal Cyclic Symmetry Basic Assumptions/Restrictions Preprocessing Notes

Modeling Approaches for Shroud Interfaces

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Basic ANSYS Assumptions/Restrictions

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Basic ANSYS Assumptions/Restrictions

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Procedure for Cyclic Symmetry Modal Analysis

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Procedure for Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Procedure for Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

General Procedure Notes

Advanced Guide > Chapter 6. Cyclic Symmetry Analysis.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Preprocessing Notes Sector Definition

Two options exist for identifying cyclic symmetry planes:

Issue the CYCLIC command to detect:

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Preprocessing Notes Sector Definition

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Preprocessing Notes Sector Definition

number of sectors (NSECTOR) the cyclic coordinate system (KCN)

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Preprocessing Notes CYCLIC Command

CYCLIC, NSECTOR, ANGLE, KCN, NAME, USRCOMP

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Preprocessing Notes CYCLIC Command

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Preprocessing Notes CYCLIC Command

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Preprocessing Notes CYCLIC Command

As of Version 7.1 ANSYS now correctly auto-detects mixed solid-shell models

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Preprocessing Notes CYCLIC Command

If the CYCLIC command is issued prior to meshing:

Copyright 2003 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.