Cyclic Symmetry Topics 0
Cyclic Symmetry Topics 0
Cyclic Symmetry Topics 0
1 Modal
C li Symmetry:
Cyclic S t
Answers to
Common
Questions
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Presentation Topics
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Overview
Low Edge
High Edge
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Overview
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Overview
Harmonic
Index Nodal Diameter
k d
0 0 n n 2n 2n . .
1 1 n-1 n+1 2n-1 2n+1 . .
2 2 n-2 n+2 2n-2 2n+2 . .
3 3 n-3 n+3 2n-3 2n+3 . .
4 4 n-4 n+4 2n-4 2n+4 . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
n/2 n/2 n/2 3n/2 3n/2 5n/2 . .
(n even)
(n-1)/2 (n-1)/2 (n+1)/2 (3n-1)/2 (3n+1)/2 (5n-1)/2 . .
(n odd)
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Overview
HID
N/2
18
N 2N
N/2 3N/2
18 22 40 58 62
ND
A graphical representation of the table on the previous page is shown by this sawtooth,from which the harmonic index,
required as input to ANSYS, can be determined by specifying the nodal diameter of interest.
For example, a 58E driver exciting a rotor with 40 blades will elicit responses of 18, 22, 58, and 62, … nodal diameters,
which will all be found in the ANSYS solution for harmonic index 18
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Overview
z Normally, except for the first few nodal diameters, higher nodal
diameters occur at higher frequencies.
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Basic ANSYS Assumptions/Restrictions
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Basic ANSYS Assumptions/Restrictions
z It is recommended that the basic sector should have matching right and left node
patterns, i.e. for each node with position (r, θ, z) on the right edge, there is a
corresponding node with position (r, θ +∆θ, z) on the left edge.
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Procedure for Cyclic Symmetry Modal Analysis
z Modal Analysis:
— Define the basic sector.
— Specify cyclic symmetry (CYCLIC),
then mesh or vice-versa.
— Apply boundary conditions, couples,
constraint equations etc.
— Specify MODAL analysis type and
mode extraction options.
— Define cyclic symmetry options,
including harmonic index range
(CYCOPT).
— Solve modal analysis
— Save database – now have 2 sectors
— Review results using CYCPHASE and
/CYCEXPAND tools.
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Procedure for Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal
z Static Analysis:
— Define the basic sector.
— Specify cyclic symmetry (CYCLIC),
then mesh or vice-versa.
— Apply boundary conditions, couples,
constraint equations etc.
— Include large deformation effects, load
step options, etc.
— Turn prestress on manually if
SOLCON,OFF
— Define cyclic symmetry options
(CYCOPT).
— Solve static analysis
— Save database – now have 2 sectors
— Finish out of SOLUTION mode
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Procedure for Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal
z Modal Analysis:
— Re-enter SOLUTION mode.
— Specify MODAL analysis type and
mode extraction options.
— Modify boundary conditions, as
required. (Do not modify internal
CP’s or CE’s).
— Turn prestress effects on
(PSTRES,ON).
— Define harmonic index range
(CYCOPT).
— Solve the modal analysis.
— Review results using CYCPHASE and
/CYCEXPAND tools.
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General Procedure Notes
z Make sure to save the database after the modal cyclic symmetry
solution.
— Results need not be stored in database
— Do not require one database for each harmonic index
— Undocumented procedure can be used if database is not available*
*Discussed later
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Preprocessing Notes – Sector Definition
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Preprocessing Notes – Sector Definition
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Preprocessing Notes – Sector Definition
z Automatic mode can be used in the event that edge components are
difficult to define manually. In this case, it is usually best to input as
much information as is readily available:
— number of sectors (NSECTOR)
— the cyclic coordinate system (KCN)
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Preprocessing Notes – CYCLIC Command
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Preprocessing Notes – CYCLIC Command
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Preprocessing Notes – CYCLIC Command
******************************************************
****** COMPUTED QUANTITIES ***************************
******************************************************
* NUMBER OF SECTORS = 10 *
* SECTOR ANGLE = 36.000 *
* CYCLIC COORDINATE SYSTEM = 1 *
* EDGE COMPONENTS CONTAIN AREAS *
* LOW EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01L MATCHED *
* HIGH EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M01H *
* LOW EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M02L MATCHED *
* HIGH EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M02H *
* EDGE COMPONENTS CONTAIN LINES *
* LOW EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M03L MATCHED *
* HIGH EDGE COMPONENT = CYCLIC_M03H *
******************************************************
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Preprocessing Notes – CYCLIC Command
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Preprocessing Notes – Recommended Checks
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Solution Notes - CYCOPT Command
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Solution Notes - CYCOPT Command
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Solution Notes - CYCOPT Command
z If OPTION = NONR:
— Value1 = 1 do not rotate nodes on sector boundaries into cyclic coordinate
system.
— This is commonly used in conjunction with CYCOPT,DOF,… to apply cyclic
symmetric boundary conditions for specified directions across the sector
boundaries.
— Note this option suppresses ALL nodal rotations on sector boundaries
therefore, any sector edge nodes which need to be rotated into the cyclic
coordinate system must be rotated manually before solution.
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Solution Notes - CYCOPT Command
z If OPTION = TOLER:
— The tolerance used to determine whether a node on the low edge is
paired with a node on the high edge.
— Value1 > 0 = The absolute distance tolerance for automatic sector-
boundary detection and low/high edge component node pairing.
— Value1 < 0 = The relative tolerance for automatic sector boundary
detection and low/high edge component node pairing. The tolerance is
Value1*Length where Length is the length of the diagonal of an imaginary
box enclosing the model.
— The default tolerance is –1.0E-04 (also represented by Value1 = 0)
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Solution Notes - CYCOPT Command
z If OPTION = MOVE:
— Flag specifying whether ANSYS should move the high or low edge
component nodes paired within the specified tolerance (TOLER) to
create precisely matched pairs.
— Value1 = 0 do not move edge component nodes. This is the default.
— Value1 = 1 or HIGH to move the high edge component nodes to
precisely match the low edge component nodes.
— Value1 = -1 or LOW to move the low edge component nodes to
precisely match the high edge component nodes.
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Solution Notes
z After clicking OK, ANSYS generates the duplicate sector and the proper
constraint equations and solves the eigenvalue problem for each
harmonic index, k, specified by the user.
z Note that a separate modal analysis will be performed at this time for
each harmonic index using the modal analysis and cyclic symmetry
options defined previously.
z The results file will contain the results for each harmonic index as a
separate load step.
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Solution Notes
z When looking for nodal diameters higher than the harmonic index, make
sure to extract more modes or modify frequency range for search, as
these modes will generally appear at higher frequencies.
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Solution Notes – Recommended Checks
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Postprocessing Notes
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Postprocessing Notes
z List frequencies:
— General Postproc > Results Summary
— Each harmonic index is stored as a
separate load step.
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Postprocessing Notes – Unexpanded Results
z Prior to expansion, the results for each mode consist of results for both the
original sector, often referred to as the real or cosine part of the solution, and
the duplicate sector, often referred to as the imaginary or sine part of the
solution.
z The results for the duplicate sector are zeroed out for harmonic indices 0 and
N/2.
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Postprocessing Notes – Unexpanded Results
Imaginary Part
Real Part
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Postprocessing Notes – Unexpanded Results
— The mode shapes are normalized to the mass of the 2 sectors (not the full
360° mass). Divide by SQRT(N/2) to make it consistent with full 360.
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Postprocessing Notes - /CYCEXPAND Command
z All displays will now be graphically expanded to a full 360º image, by default.
z No new underlying nodes or elements will be defined for the model. Use of the
/CYCEXPAND command does not change the database. The command does
not modify the geometry, nodal displacements or element stresses.
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Postprocessing Notes - /CYCEXPAND Command
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Postprocessing Notes - /CYCEXPAND Command
z For nodal or element solution plots (PLNSOL, PLESOL), the command graphically
expands displacements, stresses and strains of a cyclically symmetric model
partially or through the full 360° degrees by combining the real or cosine (original
nodes and elements) and imaginary or sine (duplicate nodes and elements) parts
of the solution.
z For the print nodal solution operation (PRNSOL), expands the printed output of
displacements or stresses on a sector-by-sector basis.
z The command affects element and result plots only. It has no effect on operations
other than plot element solution (PLESOL), plot nodal solution (PLNSOL) and print
nodal solution (PRNSOL). All other operations, such as NSEL and NSORT continue to
operate on the unprocessed real and imaginary parts of a cyclic symmetry
solution.
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Postprocessing Notes – Plotting and Printing
many sectors as
specified on /CYCEXP THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z VALUES ARE IN COORDINATE SYSTEM 1
***** POST1 NODAL STRESS LISTING *****
— Use current RSYS NODAL RESULTS ARE FOR CYCLIC SECTOR 4 - PHASE ANGLE = 0.000
sectors
With CYCEXPAND,EDGE,1 RSYS,1
— Normalizes to full 360°
mass. 284 0.16096E+06 0.12104E+08 2.5915 -0.71828E+06-0.11392E+07-0.41714E+06
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Postprocessing Notes - /CYCEXPAND Command
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Postprocessing Notes - /CYCEXPAND Command
z If OPTION = AMOUNT:
— Specify the number of repetitions (Value1 = NREPEAT)
• Value2 = number of repetitions (default is total number of sectors in 360° model)
— or the total angle (VALUE1 = ANGLE)
• Value2 = total angle in degrees. The default is 360°.
z If OPTION = WHAT:
— Expand a specified portion or subset of the model where Value1 is the
component name of elements to expand. Default is all selected components.
z If OPTION = PHASEANG:
— Value1 = the phase angle shift which is typically obtained via the CYCPHASE
command.
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
Basic Sector
Summary of Modal Cyclic Symmetry Phase Angle Sweep
Load Step = 1 Sub Step = 1
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
Node Value Phase Ang (DEG) Node Value Phase Ang (Deg)
UX: 10 -11.6257063 180.0000 10 11.6257063 0.0000
UY: 25 -2.51814374 180.0000 25 2.51814374 0.0000
UZ: 25 -2.09678143 0.0000 25 2.09678143 180.0000
USUM: 761 0 0.0000 10 11.9554596 0.0000
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
Node Value Phase Ang (DEG) Node Value Phase Ang CYCPHASE
(Deg)
Performed in RSYS,1
UX: 25 -0.88103405 259.0000 25 0.881034052 79.0000
UY: 10 -2.30264039 65.0000 10 2.30264036 245.0000
UZ: 25 -5.67450146 76.0000 25 5.67450154 256.0000
USUM: 1396 0.030109599 334.0000 25 6.15796647 258.0000
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
(Deg)
Node Value Phase Ang (DEG) Node Value Phase Ang CYCPHASE
UX: 10 -2.30264036 245.0000 10 2.30264039 65.0000 Performed in RSYS,0
UY: 25 -1.00769854 260.0000 25 1.00769856 80.0000
UZ: 25 -5.67450146 76.0000 25 5.67450154 256.0000
USUM: 1396 0.030109599 334.0000 25 6.15796647 258.0000
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
z CYCPHASE,LIST
— Lists the calculated maximum and minimum values and the phase angle
at which they occur
• List maximum and minimum value at each node in the basic sector.
• Mid-side node values are not available
— Mid-side node values are set to zero, and are not listed by CYCPHASE,LIST
• Once values are stored, RSYS has no effect on CYCPHASE,LIST
z CYCPHASE,STAT
— Lists the max and min for each component/invariant, the phase angle
and the nodes at which they occur.
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
z CYCPHASE,PUT,(Max or Min)
— “Puts” the CYCPHASE results back onto the basic sector for visualization
purposes.
— For plotting, ANSYS automatically:
• Unselects the duplicate sector
• Removes the /CYCEXPAND from plots
• Sets EFACET,1 (no mid-side node data available)
• Issues warning
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
Results of PRNS in RSYS,0 THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN GLOBAL
COORDINATES
after CYCPHASE,PUT
25 0.88103 2.2874 5.6745 6.1813
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
z CYCPHASE,PUT.. Continued
— When plotting (PLNS) or listing (PRNS) results, the vector sum
displacement (USUM) and the stress intensity (SINT) quantities are not
valid.
• These quantities are recalculated from the components upon plotting or
listing. Thus, they may be combining components from different phase
angles.
• Use CYCPHASE,LIST to obtain the correct values for these quantities.
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Postprocessing Notes - CYCPHASE Command
z CYCPHASE,PUT.. Continued
— No additional post-processing should be done on a model that has been
updated with CYCPHASE,PUT without re-reading the results.
• Avoid: /CYCEXPAND, Additional CYCPHASE commands, etc.
• ANSYS displays a warning on each subsequent plot or list
• Issue a new SET command to re-read results into the database before
continuing to post-process.
• Make sure to issue ALLSEL to activate duplicate sector.
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Working with Part of a Model
z Note that both CYCPHASE and /CYCEXPAND work on only the currently
selected parts of the model. ANSYS does not automatically select the
corresponding part of the duplicate sector when operating on only a
portion of the model. This is the user’s responsibility.
— Take special care if partial data has been written to the results file using
OUTRES,,,COMP.
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Poatprocessing Notes – Recommended Checks
z Are harmonic index 0 results identical for low and high components in
cyclic CS?
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
Case 3 - Shrouds are assumed locked in the normal direction and free
to slide tangentially along their entire surface (no gap).
z Approach A
HIGH
— Edge of sector consists of
shroud face nodes.
— Nodes on “low” edge manually
rotated into a CS with axes LOW
aligned normal and tangential
to shroud face.
— Nodes on “high” edge manually
rotated into a CS identical to
that of “low” edge, but rotated
by the sector angle about the
axis of symmetry.
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
HIGH LOW
CS 22
CS 21
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
edge nodes into the proper CS, TO USE DEGREES OF FREEDOM UZ ROTX
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
z Approach A
(continued)
— Solution and
postprocessing
proceed as usual.
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
Case 3 - Shrouds are assumed locked in the normal direction and free
to slide tangentially along their entire surface (no gap).
z Approach B
HIGH
— Cut through shroud in a way
which assures shroud faces
DO NOT lie on the sector
edges. Sector angle must be
maintained, but edges need not
be straight.
— Nodes on shroud faces LOW
manually rotated into a CS with
axes aligned normal and
tangential to shroud face. Shroud
— Nodes on “high” and “low” Face
edges require no special
treatment.
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
HIGH LOW
CS 21
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
other DOF are not coupled, TO USE ALL ACTIVE DEGREES OF FREEDOM
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
z Approach B
(continued)
— Solution and
postprocessing
proceed as usual.
— Results are
identical to
Approach A
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Modeling of Shroud Interfaces
z Although both approaches give the same results, Approach B has some
distinct advantages:
— Approach B can be easily extended for the situation where a static analysis
with contact is required to determine the shroud contact status for the modal
analysis (Case 4). Coupling equations are simply replaced by contact
elements interior to the sector. Trying to do this with Approach A will often be
much more difficult.
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