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    Prof. Flavia Franconi: University of Sassari

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    Sex & Gender Women's Health Collaborative
    This document discusses gender differences in pharmacology. It notes that factors like sex hormones, menstrual cycle phase, pregnancy, and differences in organ metabolism and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity between males and females can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. While pharmacokinetic differences do not always result in different pharmacological responses, gender can still impact drug efficacy and safety. More research is still needed to fully understand how gender affects specific organ metabolism and the response to drugs.

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    Prof. Flavia Franconi: University of Sassari

    Uploaded by

    Sex & Gender Women's Health Collaborative
    50 views17 pages
    This document discusses gender differences in pharmacology. It notes that factors like sex hormones, menstrual cycle phase, pregnancy, and differences in organ metabolism and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity between males and females can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. While pharmacokinetic differences do not always result in different pharmacological responses, gender can still impact drug efficacy and safety. More research is still needed to fully understand how gender affects specific organ metabolism and the response to drugs.

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    This document discusses gender differences in pharmacology. It notes that factors like sex hormones, menstrual cycle phase, pregnancy, and differences in organ metabolism and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity between males and females can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. While pharmacokinetic differences do not always result in different pharmacological responses, gender can still impact drug efficacy and safety. More research is still needed to fully understand how gender affects specific organ metabolism and the response to drugs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    50 views17 pages

    Prof. Flavia Franconi: University of Sassari

    Uploaded by

    Sex & Gender Women's Health Collaborative
    This document discusses gender differences in pharmacology. It notes that factors like sex hormones, menstrual cycle phase, pregnancy, and differences in organ metabolism and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity between males and females can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. While pharmacokinetic differences do not always result in different pharmacological responses, gender can still impact drug efficacy and safety. More research is still needed to fully understand how gender affects specific organ metabolism and the response to drugs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Prof.

    Flavia Franconi

    University of Sassari
    Drugs

    Pharmacogenetics Modulators of
    chronopharlacology Pharmacokinetics
    pharmacological
    effects (sex hormones)

    Pharmacogenetics Modulators of
    chronopharlacology Pharmacodynamics pharmacological effects
    (sex hormones)

    Efficacy and Safety


    The presence of critical periods

    The wide use of oral anticonceptionals creates another


    population to be studied
    However, pharmacokinetic differences do not
    necessarily result in different pharmacological
    responses. For example, women in the luteal phase
    are more sensitive to methylprednisolone (as
    measured by cortisol suppression test). However,
    since they eliminate this drug more quickly than
    men, the final response of methylprednisolone is
    similar in both sexes (Lew et al., 1993).
    Correlation between circulating levels of estradiol and amygdalamopioid receptor
    binding during the follicular phase during the follicular phase of 10 healthy women.
    Pearson correlation: r520.75;P , 0.01 (Smith AR et al J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83,
    4498–4505, 1998
    Actually, it is not yet completely elucidated whether
    gender can influence specific organ metabolism. The topic
    is relevant,because in some tissues, including particular
    neuronal populations, CYP isoenzyme expression can be as
    high as, or higher than, in liver cells and can also display a
    higher sensitivity toward environmental inducers (Miksys
    and Tyndale, 2002).

    Indeed, variations in the activity of brain CYP enzymes


    can contribute tothe inter-individual changes in drug
    responses,
    Several physiological parameters (plasma volume, sympathic
    and parasympathic systems) are varied in pregnancy. The
    activity of some CYP is also changed, moreover, CYP enzymes
    are also localized in placenta (Anderson, 2005).
    Programming is well established through
    experimental and epidemiological studies

    [Hales C.N et al. Br Med J 303, 1019, 1991; Phillips DI


    Diabetlogia 39, 1119, 1996; Lithell HO et al Br Med J 312, 406,
    1996; McCance et al DR Br Med J.308, 942, 1994; Phillips DI
    Diabetologia 37, 150, 1994; Phipps K et al Diabetologia 36, 225–
    228].
    IVH Prevention Trial demonstrated that indomethacin significantly
    decreased the incidence of IVH, prevented parenchymal hemorrhage,
    and was associated with higher verbal test scores at ages 3 to 8 years,
    although this protective effect of indomethacin on cognitive outcome
    seemed to be specific only to male subjects

    (Ment LR, Vohr B, Makuch RW, et al. Prevention of intraventricular


    hemorrhage by indomethacin in male preterm infants. J Pediatr.
    2004;145:832–834)
    Neonatal treatment has
    different long lasting effect in
    males and females
    Drug/
    Psychosocial Nutrition Illness Physical
    Chemicals

    INFANT

    Event induced response

    Cardiovascular diseases, ADULTS


    DM, obesity, behaviour
    The question whether female and male have differently to
    placebo /nocebo effects hardly received any attention and at
    the moment, the issue is still controversial and largely
    understudied. (Rickels , 1965; Wilcox et al., 1992; Compton et
    al, 2003; Saxon et al, 2001; Gear et al., 1999; Averbuch and
    Katzper, 2001; Mencke et al., 2004; Olofsen et al., 2005 ).
    It will be important to have standard
    values for single urine plasma and blood
    parameters referred to male and
    female, strains, age and hormonal cycle.
    it is important to know the
    transferability of results
    to humans
    Gender
    Pharmacology

    Individuate Use the


    them in the biodiversity
    Individuate GD
    single period to improve
    of life the health

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