Computer Based Instruction 4: Tutorials
Computer Based Instruction 4: Tutorials
Computer Based Instruction 4: Tutorials
TUTORIALS
Process of Instruction
Presenting Information
Tutorials
Guiding the Learner
Practicing
Assessment
Present Information
Closing
Judge Response
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Pretesting
The learner is not ready for this program The learner is ready, but should study this program The learner already knows the subjects and should skip this program
Introduction Program
Presenting Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Consistency Modes of Presentation Text Information Graphics and Animations Video Sound
Introduction Program
Consistency :
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Put control options, such as mouse buttons, on the bottom of the screen Start a new display for a change in topic and label it accordingly. Use a consistent prompt for responses, such type your answer here. Use consistent keypress or buttons for frequent actions, such as the ENTER key to move forward. Many programs cause confusion and errors by switching between buttons and keypress to move forward. Use consistent margins and paragraph
2 of 8
Introduction Program
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Modes of Presentation
Basic Modes of Presentation
Introduction Program
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Text Information
Text information should be designed from top to bottom and left to right, because users are used to read in that way. Sentences and paragraphs should be well formatted.
CONSISTENCY :
CONSISTENCY :
Put control options, such as mouse Buttons, on the bottom of to display Use a consistent prompt for responses, Such type your answer here. Start a new display for a change in topic And label it accordingly use consistent keypress or buttons for frequent actions.
PUT CONTROL OPTONS, SUCH AS MOUSE BUTTONS, ON THE BOTTOM OF TO DSPLAY USE A CONSSTENT PROMPT FOR RESPONSES, SUCH TYPE YOUR ANSWER HERE. START A NEW DSPLAY FOR A CHANGE N TOPC AND LABEL T ACCORDNGLY USE CONSSTENT KEYPRESS
Help
Menu
Previous
Next
Exit
Help
Menu
Previous
Next
Introduction Program
Text Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
10
Introduction Program
Text Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Underlining to emphasize text ?? An alternative typeface emphasize text ALL CAPITALS TO EMPHASZE TEXT A box emphasize text
11
Introduction Program
Text Quality
Leanness:
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
A program should say just enough to explain what is desired, and no more.
Transitions:
Transitions from one topic to another is essential, because of clear flowing.
Clarity:
Reading Level:
A program must be suited to the learner who use it.
Mechanics:
Use of correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
12
Introduction Program
Graphics
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
13
Introduction Program
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Select and design graphic information consistent with the rest of the instructional message.
Avoid excessive detail or realism. Details can confuse the learners. Consider breaking complex illustrations into simpler ones (p:72). Use animation when dynamic change is important and allow the learner to pause, continue, repeat, and in some cases control the speed of change.
14
Introduction Program
Video
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Keep video presentation short (20-30 sec.) Consider great expense of video production Use video for demonstrating and modeling Provide users to control program during video (Such as quitting, reviewing, going to a program menu) Video presentation should also have its own controls (Such as pause, continue, replay from the start, control volume)
15
Introduction Program
Sound
Use speech for getting attention, for directions.
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Allow user control for audio (pause, continue, repeat, skip and vol. Allow user global controls even during audio segments.
16
Introduction Program
Color
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Use color for emphasis and indicating differences Ensure good contrast between foreground and background colors, especially for text. Use only a few colors for color coding (max. four color) Allow learner control of color coding Be consistent in the use of color Balance learner affect and learning effectiveness; using color
17
Color
18
Color
Readable Readable
19
Color
Readable ?
20
Color
Unreadable
21
Color
Unreadable
22
Color
Unreadable
23
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
The function of questions Frequency of questions Types of questions Other factors affecting quality of questions Use of graphics in questions Placement of questions Modes of responses Response economy Other types of learner interaction
24
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
A tutorial without interaction cannot be successful. Most common method of interaction is questions.
They keep the learner attentive, Provide practice Encourage deeper processing Assess the learning process
25
Introduction Program
Present Information
Frequency of Questions:
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Questions should occur frequently that provide; More interaction More attention More enjoying More learning facilitator
Socratic Dialog
26
Multiple Choice
True-False
Alternate Response
Marking
Matching
Completion Questions
Essay Questions
Constructed Response
27
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
28
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
29
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
30
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Mark the prepositions in the sentence below by clicking on them with the mouse.
desk on yellow
31
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Essay Question ?
32
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
33
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
34
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
35
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
36
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Reading level:
Consider reading level according to readers level.
Abbreviations:
Abbreviations should be avoid in questions
Assessing comprehension:
Generally intended to assess comprehension, but not..
Negative word
Negative words should be avoided in questions
37
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Scrolling
Scrolling should always be avoided in questions.
Placement of Questions
Questions may occur before or after the information.
Response Economy
The amount of typing should be as little as necessary.
38
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback
Judge Response
Yant Yarglama
Length
In judging text; a limit should be set on (10-30 letters).
Time limits
Time limitations is important in tutorials
39
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback Hatrlatma
Dnt ve
Judge Response
In tutorial programs feedback encourage the learners to improve thinking and comprehension.
When a response is correct, a short encouragement can be made such as You are doing a great job!. Feedback should be positive, avoid negative feedbacks. Never provide feedback such as You must be kidding!. Negative feedbacks discourage the slowest learner. Timing of feedbacks Timing of feedbacks depends on subject, and learners. In general, immediate feedbacks works best in tutorials.
40
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback Hatrlatma
Dnt ve
Judge Response
Paging
Page controls should always be obvious and easy Page controls should be consistent in position and method To avoid timed pauses for paging (progressions under control of the user)
Review
Opportunity to for review should be provided all the times. Many tutorial do not allow review at all, so user must quit the program or restart the computer.
41
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing
Feedback Hatrlatma
Dnt ve
Judge Response
Help
Always provide procedural help Provide content-specific help Allow return to directions at all times Provide help at any particular time Always have a help button or menu visible, reminding learner that help is available.
42
Introduction Program
Present Information
Closing Programdan
k
Feedback
Judge Response
Closing
Provide the ability for the user to exit anywhere in the tutorial. Ensure that a temporary exit is always available with user control. Provide a safety net to cancel a request to exit. Provide a final message making it clear the user is leaving the tutorial
43
KAYNAKLAR
Alessi, S. M. & Trollip, S. R. (2001). Multimedia for Learning: Methods and Development. Allyn and Bacon, USA. William Horton Consulting http://www.designingwbt.com/ Price, R. V. (1990). Computer-Aided Instruction. 500 Business and Computer Cartoons http://www.glasbergen.com/cat.html
44
Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.
Alternative Proxies: