FSS project: The project is to integrate these surfaces both finite and infinite size array into building to control the radio performance at mobile and wireless frequencies.
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FSS project: The project is to integrate these surfaces both finite and infinite size array into building to control the radio performance at mobile and wireless frequencies.
FSS project: The project is to integrate these surfaces both finite and infinite size array into building to control the radio performance at mobile and wireless frequencies.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
FSS project: The project is to integrate these surfaces both finite and infinite size array into building to control the radio performance at mobile and wireless frequencies.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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University of Kent Faculty of Engineering and Digital Arts Broadband and Mobile Communication Network Master of Science Dissertation by
Erdogan Kaygan
Supervisors name: Dr. John C. Batchelor Examiners name: Dr. Robert Oven Click to edit Master subtitle style
Frequency Selective Surfaces
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Aim of the project
Background Information
Frequency Selective Surface Types of Frequency Selective Surface Comparison Between FSS Elements
Technical Approach and System Analysis
Dimension of FSS Structure 22
2/14/13 Material Selection
Experimental Results
Bandwidth Calculations Simulation Results Measured and Simulated Results Comparison Between Measured and Simulated Results
Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Works
References
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Introduction
Frequency Selective Surfaces has gained many interests in recent years. It can be essentially regarded as filters of electromagnetic radio waves which are consisting of periodic surface or array elements for band-pass and band-stop response respectively.
The transmit band frequencies and reflect band frequencies are depended by the size of patch and unit cell.
Application areas of Frequency Selective Surfaces are very wide and vary. For example; USA military facilities in Misawa Air Base Cryptology Operation Centre as shown in figure 1 [1].
The project is to integrate these surfaces both finite and infinite size array into building to control the radio performance at mobile and wireless frequencies. 2/14/13 44
Introduction (Continue)
Figure 1. Misawa Air Base Cryptology Operation Centre in Japan (It used for transparent to radar or radio waves to eliminate undesired frequency components) [1] 2/14/13 55
Aim of the Project
The aim of the project is to assess the filtering performance of FSS at different angles of incidence which resonate frequencies between 2 GHz and 5 GHz. FSS responses are often a function of incident angle and it is therefore important to characterize them well for a range of multipath arrival angles. The second aim is to prove that 1x1 and 2x2 infinite FSS elements are perform the same performance. The third aim is to decrease transmission value for finite FSS design. These works will be carried out on both finite and infinite FSS and will form part of a wider project which is gaining much interest from government agencies and industrial architects.
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Background Information
Frequency selective surfaces are array of periodic elements which are performing as a filter.
FSS can be classified into two main groups as finite and infinite FSS. In infinite FSS, the array elements which are not fixed size are placed periodically into the substrates, however finite FSS use open space boundary and the elements are fixed size.
FSS Investigations are started in 1950s. The most significant issue is how to make an appropriate model.
In 1981, E. A. Parker and S. M. A. Hamdy introduced new elements for frequency selective surface design. They use simple array of ring elements on square PEC and also on a triangular PEC for reflector antennas to compare experimental transmission results with a modal computations [2]. 2/14/13 77
As seen in figure 2 the simulation results and measurement results are almost same.
45 30 0 Figure 2: Simulated and Measurement Results for Ring Elements (0 , 30 , 45 ) [2] 2/14/13 88
Comparison Between FSS Elements
A widely cited letter by T.K. Wu, described the determination of the FSS elements. According to Wus measurements, square loop and ring loop FSS structures are the best choice for the building applications as illustrates in table 1. Table 1 : Comparison Between the Performances of the Common FSS Elements [3]
Note: From 1 to 4 sensitivity is increasing 2/14/13
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Technical Approach and System Analysis
Figure 3 : FSS Design Work Flow 2/14/13 1010
Dimension of FSS Structure
Figure 4: Dimension of 1x1 Infinite FSS
Outer radius (R): 20 mm Inner radius (r): 16 mm Ring width: 4mm Patch ring thickness: 0.02 mm Substrate thickness: 0.05 mm Substrate: 50 mm x 50 mm.
Figure 5: Dimension of 2x2 Infinite and Finite FSS
Outer radius (R): 20 mm Inner radius (r): 16 mm Ring width: 4mm Patch ring thickness: 0.02 mm Substrate thickness: 0.05 mm Substrate: 100 mm x 100 mm.
Figure 6: Dimension of 1x1 Finite FSS With Metal Screen
Outer radius (R): 20 mm Inner radius (r): 16 mm Ring width: 4mm Patch ring thickness: 0.02 mm Substrate thickness: 0.05 mm Substrate: 100 mm x 100 mm. PEC: 185 mm x 185 mm Length of PEC: 85 mm
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Material Selection
Ring Material: Copper(Annealed )
High thermal and electrical conductivity
Metal Screen Material: PEC( Perfect Electric Conductor)
PEC materials do not produce any losses
Substrate Material: Polyimide
Flexible, light weight, and thermal control materials
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Simulation Setup
CST Microwave Studio used to simulate the performance of FSS design. It provides excellent interface, simulation performance, and super visual feedback at all stages of the simulation process
Figure 7 : CST Microwave Studio 2/14/13 1313
Fabrication Procedures
Print FSS design on translucent paper Cut Mylar and Photoresist materials for lamination Laminate FSS structures Exposure the laminated FSS structures Using Developer Tank, resolve non exposed part of photo resist materials Put developed FSS structure in Etching Tank to remove unwanted coppers from the design
Figure 8: Fabricated a)infinite FSS, b) Finite FSS c) Finite with PEC FSS 2/14/13 1414
Measurement Setup
Simply signals sending from transmitter antenna to receiver antenna, then the FSS structure performance are followed by network analyser.
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Figure 9: Measurement Setup
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Experimental Results Bandwidth Calculation: To calculate bandwidth, maximum frequency and minimum frequencies at a point such as -10 dB need to know. Maximum and minimum frequency can be easily find out as shown in figure 13. Then Bandwidth value is calculated as shown in equation 1. BW (Bandwidth) = (Maximum Frequency) (Minimum Frequency) (1)
Figure 10: Fmin and Fmax for Bandwidth Calculation 2/14/13 1616
Simulation Results Both 1x1 and 2x2 infinite FSS transmission signals are shown in figure. It proves both FSS design perform the same performance at 3.241 GHz
Table 3: Simulated and Measured Results Differences
Measured and Simulated Angle () 0 30 60 Infinite FSS % age Finite FSS % age
Finite FSS+PEC % age 0.8083 1.396 3.7239
0.46 0.7016 0.6105
0.275 0.8448 3.251
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Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Work
TE mode shows greater dependence on variation of the scan angle in theta () than the TM mode does. 1x1 and 2x2 Infinite FSS show the same performance. PEC components increased the resonant frequency and also reduce the transmission signals. The expected resonance frequencies are achieved (2-5 GHz). 2/14/13 Measured
and simulated results are similar.
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Future Work
Rings elements can be applied to high power microwave applications as Aviation sector does [4]. Minimizing the circle dimension, high resonance frequencies will be obtain. The sensitivity of elements can be reduce further. That design can be used for 3D circular ring application which is already proved in [5]. Measured Finite FSS Bandwidth size can be increase.
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References [1]. F. Bayatpur, "Metamaterial-Inspired Frequency-Selective Surfaces," University of Michigan, pp.1-4, 2009. [2]. E. Parker and S. Hamdy, "Rings as elements for frequency selective surfaces," Electronics letters, vol. 17, pp. 612-614, 1981. [3]. T. K. Wu, "Frequency-selective surface and grid array," Wiley, New York, 1995. [4]. S. Pugh, "Investigating the Use of Frequency Selective Surfaces in High Power Microwave Applications," Air Force Institute of Technology, DTIC Document 2010.
[5]. S. N. Azemi, K. Ghorbani, and W. S. T. Rowe, "3D Frequency Selective Surfaces," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 29, pp. 191-203, 2012. 2/14/13 2727
