Magnetism

A compass tells you what direction is 'North', but have you ever wondered how it can do that?
The answer has to do with something called magnetism. Every magnet produces an invisible area of influence around itself. Scientists call these invisible influences The fields around this bar FIELDS.
magnet are made visible with iron filings
When things made of metal or other magnets come close to this region of space, they feel a pull or a push from the magnet.
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The attraction of a magnet for another object One part of a magnetic rock will always point in the same direction Towards a certain north star, lodestar Magnetic rocks also became known as lodestones
Magnetism
All magnets have 2 ends, each called a magnetic pole A pole is the area of a magnet where the magnetic effect is the strongest. One pole of a magnet will always point toward the north and is labeled the north pole The other end is labeled the south pole, the north and south are opposites
Magnetic Poles
Interactions Between Poles

2 north poles repel
2 south poles repel

1 north and 1 south attract Magnetic poles that are alike repel each other and magnetic poles that are unlike attract each other. The force of attraction or repulsion between magnetic poles is magnetism.
Why is it a magnet?
Magnetic properties depend on the atomic structure of a material A moving electron produces a magnetic field The spinning and orbiting motion of an electron make each atom a magnet
Earth as a magnet
Compass a device that has a magnetized needle that can spin freely The needle typically points north There is a immense (large) magnetic field surrounding earth, just like a bar magnet Most likely because of the circulation of molten iron
and nickel within the Earths core.
A compass works the way it does because Earth has a magnetic field that looks a lot like the one in a magnet. The Earth's magnetic field is completely invisible, and it reaches thousands of miles out into space.
Earths Magnetosphere ***Earth's magnetic field gets stretched out with a tail of magnetism that stretches millions of miles behind Earth, opposite
from the sun.
The solar wind causes Earths magnetic field to stretch out on the side of Earth not facing the sun. Relating Cause And Effect What shapes the magnetosphere?
Where does the Earths magnetism come from?
Although the crust is solid, the core of the Earth is surrounded by a mixture of molten iron and nickel. The magnetic field of Earth results from the currents of the molten core. The powerful magnetic field passes out through the core of the earth, passes through the crust and enters space.
Since the Earth produces a strong magnetic field the Earth can make magnenite - a magnetic mineral.
North Geographic Pole
North Magnetic Pole
Where is the North Pole?
What on Earth?
Earths geographic poles are not identical to its magnetic poles. Draw Earth's Magnetic Field in your guided notes.
The magnetic declination of a location on Earth today is not the same as it was 10 years ago. The magnetic declination of a location changes. Earths magnetic poles do not stay in one place as the geographic poles do. The figure shows how the location of Earths magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere has drifted over time.
As you saw in the map, the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere seems to be moving northwards in geographic latitude by about 10 kilometers per year, but the motion is only an average. The magnetic poles of Earth are not fixed on the surface, but wander quite a bit.
On any given day, the magnetic poles may move by tens of meters because of changes in the currents inside Earth's core, as well as the influence of electrical currents in the space environment due to solar storms and solar winds.
Studies of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Atlantic Ocean half-way between North America and Europe have shown that as the fresh rock cools, it records the polarity of Earth's field. By dating the rocks on either side of the ridge, geologists discovered that the polarity of the Earth's field changes over the course of thousands of years.

Magnetism

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A compass tells you what direction is 'North', but have you ever wondered how it can do that?

Interactions Between Poles

2 south poles repel

Where does the Earths magnetism come from?

North Geographic Pole

North Magnetic Pole

Where is the North Pole?

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