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    Derivation of Seimic Vibration

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    Amin Faruki
    This document discusses seismic vibration measuring instruments and how they determine displacement and acceleration. It explains that seismometers require a large mass and flexible spring to achieve a large frequency ratio for accurate measurement, but are impractical for many applications. Accelerometers are used for small frequency ratios less than 1, where the phase shift is approximately linear. The document provides equations for calculating displacement, acceleration, percentage error, and relating the instrument response to the measured vibration based on its natural frequency and damping ratio.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Derivation of Seimic Vibration

    Uploaded by

    Amin Faruki
    217 views7 pages
    This document discusses seismic vibration measuring instruments and how they determine displacement and acceleration. It explains that seismometers require a large mass and flexible spring to achieve a large frequency ratio for accurate measurement, but are impractical for many applications. Accelerometers are used for small frequency ratios less than 1, where the phase shift is approximately linear. The document provides equations for calculating displacement, acceleration, percentage error, and relating the instrument response to the measured vibration based on its natural frequency and damping ratio.

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    Mechanical Vibrations

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    This document discusses seismic vibration measuring instruments and how they determine displacement and acceleration. It explains that seismometers require a large mass and flexible spring to achieve a large frequency ratio for accurate measurement, but are impractical for many applications. Accelerometers are used for small frequency ratios less than 1, where the phase shift is approximately linear. The document provides equations for calculating displacement, acceleration, percentage error, and relating the instrument response to the measured vibration based on its natural frequency and damping ratio.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    217 views7 pages

    Derivation of Seimic Vibration

    Uploaded by

    Amin Faruki
    This document discusses seismic vibration measuring instruments and how they determine displacement and acceleration. It explains that seismometers require a large mass and flexible spring to achieve a large frequency ratio for accurate measurement, but are impractical for many applications. Accelerometers are used for small frequency ratios less than 1, where the phase shift is approximately linear. The document provides equations for calculating displacement, acceleration, percentage error, and relating the instrument response to the measured vibration based on its natural frequency and damping ratio.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 7

    SEISMIC VIBRATION MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

    DETERMINATION OF DISPLACMENT AND ACCELERATION FOR SEISMIC VIBRATION

    CONSTRUCTION
    Assume the vibrations of the body are a singlefrequency harmonic of the form ---------- (3.109) The displacement of the seismic mass relative to the vibrating body is ---------- (3.110) where

    where (r, ) is defined by Eq (3.34) and r =/n , where n and t are the natural frequency and damping ratio of the transducer.

    CONSTRUCTION
    Figure 3.14 shows that is approximately 1 for large r(r3).

    In this case the amplitude of the relative displacement which is monitored by the transducer is approximately the same as the vibration amplitude of the body. From figure 3.10, it is noted that for large r, is approximately .
    Thus for large r, the transducer response is approximately that of the response to be measured, but out of phase by radians.

    CONSTRUCTION
    A seismic transducer that requires a large frequency ratio for accurate measurement is called a seismometer.

    A large frequency ration requires a small natural frequency for the transducer. This, in turn, requires a large seismic mass and a very flexible spring.
    Because of the required size for accurate measurement, seismometers are not practical for many applications.

    The percentage error in using a seismic transducer is


    --------When using a seismometer the percentage error is --------(3.112) (3.111)

    CONSTRUCTION
    The acceleration of the body is ------- (3.113)

    Noting that Z/Y = (r,) and = r2 M (r,) leads to


    ------- (3.114) Comparing Eq. (3.110) to Eq. (3.114) makes it apparent that ------- (3.115) The negative sign in Eq. (3.114) is taken into account in Eq. (3.115) by subtracting from the phase. For small r, M(r, ) is approximately 1, and ------- (3.116)

    CONSTRUCTION
    The seismic mass must be small and the spring stiffness must be large. The error in using an accelerometer is
    ------ (3.117) Considering the measurement of the vibration of a multi frequency vibration, ------ (3.118) According to the theory of Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Function, the displacement of a seismic mass relative to the housing of a seismic instrument is ------ (3.119)

    CONSTRUCTION
    Accelerometer are used only when r 1. In this frequency range, the phase shift is approximately linear with r for = 0.7 (see figure 3.10). Then
    ------- (3.120)

    where is the constant of proportionality. Using Eq. (3.120) in Eq. (3.119) leads to

    ------- (3.121)

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