PETE 216 Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties

PETE 216
RESERVOIR ROCK AND FLUID

PROPERTIES

PROPERTIES OF RESERVOIR LIQUIDS

SPRING 2012 2013
Dr. Mahmut Parlaktuna
mahmut@metu.edu.tr
DEFINITION
Liquids have higher densities and viscosities than
gases.
l
>>
g
,
l
>>
g

The density of a liquid is less affected by changes
in T and P.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF A LIQUID
at the same T and P

In British system
o 60/60
means that the densities of
both the liquid and water were measured at 60 F
and atmospheric pressure.
The petroleum industry also uses another gravity
term called API gravity,

w
o
o
=
5 . 131
5 . 141
=
o
API
GAS SOLUBILITY
Solubility implies that there is some upper limit
to the quantity of gas which can be dissolved in the
crude oil.

GAS SOLUBILITY
The difference
between the solubility
at the bubble point
and the solubility at
pressures below the
bubble point
represents the amount
of gas which has
already evolved into
the pore space of the
reservoir due to the
reduction of pressure
below bubble point.

GAS SOLUBILITY
The gas-solubility
line is horizontal at
P>P
b
because at
these pressures no
gas is evolved in
the pore space and
the entire liquid
mixture is
produced into the
wellbore.
GAS SOLUBILITY
When the pressure
is reduced below
bubble point, gas
begins to form in
the reservoir and
less gas remains in
the liquid.
LIQUID VISCOSITY

l
is affected by P and T.

T
l

P
l

(provided that the only effect of pressure is to
compress the liquid)

LIQUID VISCOSITY
A third parameter that affects liquid viscosity is:

A decrease in the amount of gas in solution in the
liquid causes an increase in viscosity and of course
the amount of gas in solution is a direct function of
pressure.

LIQUID VISCOSITY
The decrease in
l
due to increase in T and
increase in
l
due to increase in P are offsetting.
So that the major effect on
l
is the decrease
attributed to the increase in the amount of gas in
solution in the reservoir oil due to the increase in
pressure.
If the P
r
> P
b
(so that no additional gas enters into
the solution) the
l
due to the compression of
the liquid.

LIQUID VISCOSITY
The effect of
reservoir pressure
on the viscosity of
the reservoir oil at
constant reservoir
temperature

LIQUID VISCOSITY
P
r
> P
b
initially.

As P
r
is decreased
l
decreases due
to expansion of
the oil.

LIQUID VISCOSITY
At P
b
gas is
liberated so
l

starts to increase.
(i.e. lighter
hydrocarbons start
to leave the
solution).

LIQUID VISCOSITY
As an oil reservoir is depleted, not only does the
production decreases due to decrease in
pressure available to drive the oil to the well,
but also because the has increased.

A 10-fold variation between the viscosity at the
bubble-point pressure and the viscosity at very
low pressure is not uncommon.

OIL FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR
The volume of liquid that enters the stock tank
at the surface is less than the volume of liquid
which leaves the reservoir due to,
Evolution of gas from liquid
Pressure reduction causes the remaining oil to
expand slightly.
Contraction of the oil due to the reduction of
temperature.
c in fact offsets b.

The change in liquid volume due to these 3
factors is expressed in terms of formation
volume factor of oil which is defined as the
volume of reservoir liquid required to produce 1
STB of oil.

STB
bbl res
Stocktank at oil of Volume
P and T reservoir at gas dissolved oil of Volume
B
o
=
+
=
Example: A sample of reservoir liquid whose
volume was 400 cc under reservoir conditions
was cooled to 60 F and the pressure was
released to 14.7 psia. The liquid volume was
reduced to 274 cc and 1.21 scf of gas were
released. Calculate the oil formation volume
factor.

STB
resbbl
cc
cc
B
o
46 . 1
274
400
= =
As P
R
Bo due to expansion of liquid in
the reservoir.
Therefore B
o
up to P
b
.

A reduction P
R
below the P
b
results in evolution of gas
in the pore spaces of the reservoir. The liquid
remaining in the reservoir has a smaller volume and
consequently B
o
.

When P
r
P
atm
, B
o
1. A reduction of temperature
to 60 F is necessary to bring B
o
exactly to1.

TOTAL FORMATION VOLUME
FACTOR
When reservoir pressure is below the bubble point
pressure of the oil, gas and liquid are present in the
pores of the formation. Then total formation volume
factor (B
t
) is used.
B
t
= B
o
+ B
g
(R
sb
-R
s
)
B
t
sometimes called two-phase formation volume
factor
B
g
(R
sb
-R
s
) volume of gas evolved from the liquid in
the reservoir.
B
g
rbbl/SCF, R
s
SCF/STB, B
o
rbbl/STB

TOTAL FORMATION VOLUME
FACTOR
ISOTHERMAL COEFFICIENT OF
COMPRESSIBILITY

T
o
P
V
V
C
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
=
1
T
o
o
o
P
B
B
1
C
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
=

PETE 216 Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PETE 216 Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PETE 216 Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PETE 216

RESERVOIR ROCK AND FLUID

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.