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Shading Devices 1

This document discusses shadow angles and how they can be used to describe the performance of shading devices on buildings. The horizontal shadow angle (HSA) is the difference between the sun's azimuth and a building face's orientation. The vertical shadow angle (VSA) is measured perpendicular to the building face and can only exist when the HSA is between -90 and +90 degrees. A protractor can be used to measure HSA and VSA and create a shading mask to determine when a point will be in shadow. Calculations for HSA and VSA are also provided.

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701 views

Shading Devices 1

This document discusses shadow angles and how they can be used to describe the performance of shading devices on buildings. The horizontal shadow angle (HSA) is the difference between the sun's azimuth and a building face's orientation. The vertical shadow angle (VSA) is measured perpendicular to the building face and can only exist when the HSA is between -90 and +90 degrees. A protractor can be used to measure HSA and VSA and create a shading mask to determine when a point will be in shadow. Calculations for HSA and VSA are also provided.

Uploaded by

enshas4
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solar altitude angle

Shadow angles Shadow angles express the sun's position in relation to a building face of given orientation and can be used either to describe the performance of (i.e. the shadow produced by) a given device or to specify a device. Horizontal shadow angle (HSA) is the difference in azimuth between the sun's position and the orientation of the building face considered, when Horizontal shadow angle the edge of the shadow falls on the point considered HSA = AZI ORI By convention, this is positive when the sun is clockwise from the orientation (when AZI > ORI) and negative when the sun is anticlockwise (when AZI < ORI). When the HSA is between +/- 90o and 270o, then the sun is behind the facade, the facade is in shade, there is no HSA. beyond 270o. The horizontal shadow angle describes the performance of a vertical shading device.

Vertical shading devices giving the same horizontal shadow angle

Vsa &Hsa

The vertical shadow angle (VSA) is measured on a plane perpendicular to the building face. VSA can exist only when the HSA is between -90o and +90o, i.e. when the sun reaches the building face considered. When the sun is directly opposite, i.e. when AZI = ORI (HSA = 0o), the VSA is the same as the solar altitude angle (VSA = ALT). When the sun is sideways, its altitude angle will be projected, parallel with the building face, onto the perpendicular plane and the VSA will be larger than the ALT .Alternatively, VSA can be considered as the angle between two planes meeting along a horizontal line on the building face and which contains the point considered, ie. between the horizontal plane and a tilted plane which contains the sun or the edge of the a shading device \

This is a semi-circular protractor, showing two sets of lines = radial lines, marked 0 at the centre, to -90o to the left and +90o to the right, to give readings of the HSA - arcual lines, which coincide with the altitude circles along the centreline, but then deviate and converge at the two corners of the protractor; these will give readings of the VSA.

shows a pair of vertical devices in plan: two fins at the sides of a window. Connection of the edge of the device to the opposite corner of the window gives the shading line, which defines the HSA of the device. Superimposing the protractor the HSA can be read (centre of protractor to left edge of window: HSA = +60o , to right hand edge gives -60o) and a shading mask can be constructed (traced

The shading mask will be sectoral in shape. This shading mask, when superimposed on the sunpath diagram (according to the orientation of the building), will coverall the time-points (dates and hours) when the point considered will be in shade

shows the section of a window, with a canopy over it. The line connecting the edge of the canopy to the window sill gives the shading line. The angle between this and the horizontal is the VSA of the device. If the corresponding arcual line of the protractor is traced, this will give the shading mask of the canopy. Placed over the sun-path diagram it will cover the times when the device is effective

Shadow by horizontal projection

Shading device calculations

Calculations of shadows
Shadow angles Vertical: VSA = arctan(tanALT/cosHSA) Horizontal: HSA = AZI - ORI if 90o < abs|HSA| < 270o then sun is behind the facade, it is in shade if HSA > 270o then HSA = HSA - 360o if HSA <-270o then HSA = HSA + 360o

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