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    Bio Mechanics of The Shoulder

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    Onwaree Ing
    Review anatomy of shoulder complex and its function. Analyze overall mechanical effects on shoulder during movement.

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    Bio Mechanics of The Shoulder

    Uploaded by

    Onwaree Ing
    10K views106 pages
    Review anatomy of shoulder complex and its function. Analyze overall mechanical effects on shoulder during movement.

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    Bio Mechanics of the Shoulder

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    Review anatomy of shoulder complex and its function. Analyze overall mechanical effects on shoulder during movement.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    10K views106 pages

    Bio Mechanics of The Shoulder

    Uploaded by

    Onwaree Ing
    Review anatomy of shoulder complex and its function. Analyze overall mechanical effects on shoulder during movement.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 106

    Biomechanics

    of
    the Shoulder
    Osteology
    • The shoulder
    complex formed
    by
    Sternum
    Clavicle
    Scapula
    Humerus
    Osteology

    Manubrium

    Body

    Xyphoid process
    Osteology

    Superior view

    Inferior view
    Osteology

    Anterior aspect Posterior aspect


    Osteology
    • Lateral border is
    thicker than medial
    – Because of all the
    muscle attachments
    Osteology
    • Anteriorly
    – Glenoid Cavity
    • Shallow, oval-
    shaped depression
    – Coracoid Process
    • Looks like a bent
    finger
    Osteology
    • Posteriorly
    – Separated by ribs
    by thin layers of
    muscle
    – Spine
    • Strong, sharp
    ridge
    Osteology
    Osteology
    Osteology
    Shoulder Girdle
    Joints of the Shoulder
    • Sternoclavicular joint

    • Acromioclavicular joint

    • Coracoclavicular joint

    • Scapulothoracic joint

    • Glenohumeral joint
    Sternoclavicular Joint
    • Strong enough so that dislocation of joint
    is less common than fracture of clavicle
    • Provides major axis of rotation for
    movement of clavicle and scapula
    • Elevation: 60°.
    • 24-30° motion anterior, posterior, and
    inferior
    • Helps position GH joint
    Acromioclavicular Joint
    • Irregular diarthrodial joint between the
    acromion process of the scapula and the
    distal clavicle.
    – Allows limited motions in all three planes.
    • Rotation occurs during arm elevation
    • Close-packed position with humerus
    abducted to 90 degrees
    Coracoclavicular Joint
    • A syndesmosis with coracoid process of
    scapula
    – Bound to the inferior clavicle by the
    coracoclavicular ligament.
    • Permits little movement
    Scapulothoracic joint
    • Not a true joint
    • The movement of the scapula on the wall
    of the thoracic cage is critical to shoulder
    motion
    • Contraction of the scapular muscles that
    attach the scapula to the axial skeleton, is
    critical in stabilizing the scapula and
    providing a base for joint function
    Glenohumeral Joint

    • Ball and socket joint in which the head of

    the humerus articulates with the glenoid

    fossa of the scapula

    • Referred to as the shoulder joint


    Ligaments of the
    Sternoclavicular Joint
    • Interclavicular ligament
    – Strengthens the capsule superiorly
    • Costoclavicular ligament
    – Limits elevation of the pectoral girdle
    Ligament of the
    Acromioclavicular Joint
    • Acromioclavicular ligament
    – A fibrous band
    – This ligament strengthens the joint
    superiorly
    Ligaments of the
    Coracoclavicular Joint
    • Coracoclavicular ligament
    – A strong pair of bands that unites the
    coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle
    – Consists of two ligaments
    • Conoid ligament
    • Trapezoid
    Ligaments of the
    Glenohumeral Joint
    • Glenohumeral ligaments
    - Strengthen the anterior aspect of the articular
    capsule
    - Three fibrous bands
    Superior Glenohumeral ligament
    Taut during external rotation and plays
    a small role in the stability of the
    shoulder
    Ligaments of the
    Glenohumeral Joint
    • Glenohumeral ligaments
    Middle Glenohumeral ligament
    Taut during external rotation and plays
    a small role in stability of the shoulder
    Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament
    Taut during external rotation, and plays
    a small role in stability of the shoulder
    Ligaments of the
    Glenohumeral Joint
    • Coracohumeral ligament
    Strengthens the capsule superiorly
    Resists the pull of gravity and limits external
    rotation of the shoulder
    • Transverse humeral ligament
    Strengthens the capsule and bridges the gap
    between the greater and lesser tubercles of the
    humerus
    keeps the biceps tendon in its groove during
    movements
    Movements of the Shoulder
    Complex

    • Movements of

    the Scapula
    – Abduction

    (Protraction)
    Movements of Scapula
    Serratus Anterior
    Movements of the Shoulder
    Complex

    • Movements of

    the Scapula
    – Adduction

    (Retraction)
    Movements of Scapula
    Trapezius

    Rhomboid major and minor


    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex
    • Movements of the

    Scapula
    – Elevation
    Movements of Scapula
    Levator
    Scapulae

    Trapezius

    Rhomboid major and minor


    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex
    • Movements of the

    Scapula
    – Depression
    Movements of Scapula
    Trapezius

    Pectoralis minor

    Serratus Anterior
    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex

    • Movements of the

    Scapula
    – Upward rotation
    Movements of Scapula
    Trapezius
    Serratus Anterior
    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex

    • Movements of the

    Scapula
    – Downward rotation
    Movements of Scapula
    Levator Scapulae
    Scapulohumeral Rhythm

    • A regular pattern of scapular rotation


    that accompanies and facilitates
    humeral abduction

    • Scapulothoracic : glenohumeral joint


    movements = 1:2
    Composite Shoulder Girdle
    Movement
    Composite Shoulder Girdle
    Movement
    Composite Shoulder Girdle
    Movement
    Composite Shoulder Girdle
    Movement
    Shoulder Goniometry
    • Flexion / Extension
    – 1800 / 500-600
    • Abduction/Adduction
    – 1800 / 450-500
    • Internal/External Rotation
    – 700-800 / 800-900
    • Horizontal Abduction / Horizontal Adduction
    – 450 / 1200
    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex
    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex
    • Movements of
    Glenohumeral joint
    – Flexion
    Deltoid Pectoralis major

    Coracobrachialis

    Biceps brachii
    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex
    • Movements of
    Glenohumeral joint
    – Extension
    Teres major

    Deltoid
    Triceps brachii

    Latissimus dorsi
    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex

    Abduction Adduction
    Abduction

    • Movements of
    Glenohumeral joint
    – Abduction
    Deltoid
    Supraspinatus
    Adduction

    • Movements of
    Glenohumeral joint
    – Adduction
    Pectoralis major

    Latissimus dorsi

    Teres major
    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex
    External Rotation

    • Movements of
    Glenohumeral joint
    – Medial rotation
    Infraspinatus Teres minor
    Internal Rotation

    • Movements of
    Glenohumeral joint
    – Medial rotation
    Internal Rotation

    The body limits


    internal rotation -
    thus placing the
    arm behind the
    body increases the
    amount of internal
    rotation
    Subscapularis
    Latissimus dorsi

    Pectoralis major
    Teres major
    Movements of
    the Shoulder Complex
    Biomechanics of GH
    Stability
    • The normal shoulder constrains the
    humeral head to the center of the glenoid
    cavity throughout most of the arc of
    movement
    – Static restraints
    – Dynamic restraints
    Static restraints
    • Glenoid labrum and articular surfaces
    • Negative intra-articular pressure
    • Ligaments and capsule
    • Joint fluid adhesiveness
    Dynamic restraints
    • Rotator cuff muscles
    • Deltoid and biceps
    • Concavity compression
    Rotator Cuff
    Rotator Cuff
    Stability Ratio
    • Maximal displacing force in a given
    direction(perpendicular to glenoid center
    line) that can be stabilized by compressive
    load
    • Affected by
    – Glenoid/labrum depth
    – rim lesions
    – Glenoid version
    – Dynamic stabilizer compromise
    Load on the Shoulder
    Load on the Shoulder

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