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    GSM Hopping

    Uploaded by

    Kamil Koc
    The document discusses frequency hopping in wireless networks. It describes two types of frequency hopping: synthesizer hopping (SFH) and baseband hopping (BBH). SFH uses frequency agility to change uplink and downlink frequencies per timeslot, while BBH requires all downlink transmissions at the same frequency but can change uplink frequencies per timeslot. It provides examples of how each approach works and discusses related configuration commands and parameters.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    GSM Hopping

    Uploaded by

    Kamil Koc
    147 views15 pages
    The document discusses frequency hopping in wireless networks. It describes two types of frequency hopping: synthesizer hopping (SFH) and baseband hopping (BBH). SFH uses frequency agility to change uplink and downlink frequencies per timeslot, while BBH requires all downlink transmissions at the same frequency but can change uplink frequencies per timeslot. It provides examples of how each approach works and discusses related configuration commands and parameters.

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    The document discusses frequency hopping in wireless networks. It describes two types of frequency hopping: synthesizer hopping (SFH) and baseband hopping (BBH). SFH uses frequency agility to change uplink and downlink frequencies per timeslot, while BBH requires all downlink transmissions at the same frequency but can change uplink frequencies per timeslot. It provides examples of how each approach works and discusses related configuration commands and parameters.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    147 views15 pages

    GSM Hopping

    Uploaded by

    Kamil Koc
    The document discusses frequency hopping in wireless networks. It describes two types of frequency hopping: synthesizer hopping (SFH) and baseband hopping (BBH). SFH uses frequency agility to change uplink and downlink frequencies per timeslot, while BBH requires all downlink transmissions at the same frequency but can change uplink frequencies per timeslot. It provides examples of how each approach works and discusses related configuration commands and parameters.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Agenda

    Frequency Hopping Overview


    Synthesizer Hopping principle and example BaseBand Hopping principle and example Hopping related commands and parameters

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    Frequency Hopping Overview


    Concept: allows the RF channel (timeslot) to change frequency every frame

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    Frequency Hopping Overview


    - Benefit: provides a high degree of immunity to
    interference, due to the effect of interference averaging, as well as providing protection against signal fading.

    - Type: Synthesizer Hopping (SFH) /Base Band


    Hopping (BBH)

    - Difference: in both cases, the MS switches


    channels after every transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) burst pair. The difference between SFH and BBH is in the method by which channel switching is achieved at the BTS.

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    Frequency Hopping Overview


    - Synthesizer Hopping
    SFH uses the frequency agility of the transceiver (radio) to change both Uplink and downlink frequency on each timeslot, without affecting other timeslots. Each timeslot is allocated a number of frequencies (max 64) over which to perform the hopping.

    - Base Band Hopping


    BBH requires all 8 timeslots of the transceiver Tx (downlink) at the same frequency. In the Rx (uplink) direction, the frequency agility of the transceiver is used to change timeslot frequencies on a timeslot basis. Number of frequencies used = number of transceivers
    Motorola Internal Use Only

    Synthesizer Hopping
    A minimum of two CTUs are required per cell due to BCCH requirements.

    CTU 0 cannot use SFH. Only CTU 1 and additional CTUs can use SFH. Note: Hopping through the BCCH carrier (using the BCCH carrier frequency as
    one of the SFH frequencies) is permitted except for timeslot 0. However, the corresponding timeslot for the BCCH CTU will be switched off for this period.

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    SFH example (not through BCCH)


    CTU 0
    CTU 0 provides the BCCH and cannot frequency hop. CTU 0 has to transmit at maximum cell site power to meet the BCCH requirement. Timeslots are used as shown below: TS 0 = Combined BCCH TS (BCCH/CCCH/DCCH). Transmitted at maximum cell site power. TS 1-7 = Traffic channels, all non-hopping. All traffic channels transmit at maximum cell site power.

    CTU 1 and additional CTUs


    CTU 1 and any additional CTUs provide SFH traffic channels as shown below: TS 0-7 = Frequency hopping traffic channels. The frequency allocated to the BCCH of CTU 0 cannot be used for frequency hopping purposes.

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    SFH example through BCCH


    CTU 0
    CTU 0 provides the BCCH and cannot frequency hop. CTU 0 has to transmit at maximum cell site power to meet the BCCH requirement. Timeslots are used as shown below: TS 0 = Combined BCCH timeslot (BCCH/CCCH/DCCH). Transmitted at maximum cell site power. TS 1-7 = Unused timeslots transmitting dummy bursts for BCCH. All channels transmit at maximum cell site power.

    CTU 1 and additional CTUs


    CTU 1 and any additional CTUs provide SFH traffic channels as shown below: TS 0 = Frequency hopping traffic channel, but prevented from using BCCH frequency. TS 1-7 =Frequency hopping traffic channels, using all available frequencies, including BCCH.

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    Base Band Hopping Example


    Mobile A, B and C are using TS 5 of CTU 0, 1 and 2 respectively. If the MSs are using cyclic hopping across ARFCNs 10, 20, 30, each MS must transmit/receive a burst of information each TDMA frame (4.615 ms) on a different frequency.

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    Base Band Hopping Example


    Receive
    Data from the MS is received by one CTU allocated to that MS (in this case CTU 0 for mobile A, CTU1 for mobile B, CTU2 for mobile C). Eg. the data for the burst of mobile A is received by CTU0. Thus CTU0 should tune TS 5 in accordance with the frequency expected from the MS in turn (ARFCN 10, 20, 30).

    Motorola Internal Use Only


    1.

    Transmit

    Base Band Hopping Example

    2.

    3.

    Traffic data from the network is passed through the NIU to the MCUF. Within the MCUF an ASIC switches the data for each mobile to their dedicated CTU. CTU having processed the data (channel coding, interleaving, encryption and routeing information) then passes the data back to the ASIC. The ASIC follows the BBH routeing information to direct the data to the next Tx CTU in the hopping sequence.
    Motorola Internal Use Only

    10

    Base Band Hopping Example

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    11

    Hopping Related commands and parameters(1)


    Refer to Technical Description: BSS Command Reference (68P02901W23) manual for a full description of commands and parameters.

    - chg_hop_params. Modifies the hopping support, to enable or disable the hopping systems. Changes the HSN and the mobile allocation. - hopping_support. Defines the frequency hopping in a cell (baseband or synthesizer hopping). - hopping_systems_enabled. Sets a flag to enable or disable a frequency hopping system. - hopping_systems_hsn. Represents the hopping sequence (generator) number (HSN) to be used by the frequency hopping system. - MA (Mobile Allocation). This is the list of frequencies that the hopping system is using to frequency hop over.

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    12

    Hopping Related commands and parameters(2)


    The following parameters can be set as prompted by the equip RTF command. - FHI (Frequency Hopping Indicators). Represents the frequency hopping indicators (eight per RTF) to be used by the frequency hopping system. - MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Offset). The MAIO for each carrier is the index of the carriers ARFCN in the mobile allocation. Although this cannot be directly set in the database, the setting of the Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN), in response to the equip RTF prompt, is used to set the Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO). This defines the channel from which the MS is to hop. For example: If the MA is 12 15 18 21, the MAIO will be set to 1 if 15 is set for the ARFCN in the RTF (Enter 15 at the Enter carrier absolute radio freq. channel prompt in the equip RTF command).

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    13

    Hopping Related commands and parameters(3)


    To change the hopping parameters of FHIs 2 and 3 for cell 5 4 3 2 1 62259 8736, FHI 0 and 2 for cell 0013211 :
    chg_hop_params 2 Hopping systems (FHIs) to be modified in cell 5 4 3 2 1 62259 (0xF333) 8736 (0x2220) (RETURN=no change for this cell): 3 2 Hopping support: 2 FHI 2 status (enable/disable): Mobile allocation (ARFCNs) for FHI 2: 20 30 70 HSN for FHI 2: 25 FHI 3 status (enable/disable): disable Mobile allocation (ARFCNs) for FHI 3: 20 60 90 HSN for FHI 3: Hopping systems (FHIs) to be modified in cell 0 0 1 3 2 1 1 (RETURN=no change for this cell): 2 0 Hopping support: 2 FHI 0 status (enable/disable): 1 Mobile allocation (ARFCNs) for FHI 0: 21 31 71 HSN for FHI 0: 1 FHI 2 status (enable/disable): 1 Mobile allocation (ARFCNs) for FHI 2: 21 61 91 HSN for FHI 2: WARNING: The site will be reset if the operator enabled, disabled or changed an enabled hopping system which is synthesizer hopping through the BCCH RTF. Are you sure (y=yes, n=no) ? y

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    14

    Question ???

    Motorola Internal Use Only

    15

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