Hibernate Framework Slides

Fresher Technology Specific - JAVA Stream Hibernate Framework Author: ChieuCC-F2W.
G1
FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use
04e-BM/NS/HDCV/FSOFT v2/3
Course Content

Hibernate framework An Overview Hibernate association and collection mapping Hibernate object lifecycle Hibernate transaction management Hibernate querying Hibernate HQL Java Persistence API
Learning Approach
The following are strongly suggested for a better learning and understanding of this course:
Noting down the key concepts in the class Analyze all the examples / code snippets provided Study and understand the self study topics Completion and submission of all the assignments, on time Completion of the self review questions in the lab guide Study and understand all the artifacts including the reference materials / e-learning / supplementary materials specified Completion of the project (if application for this course) on time inclusive of individual and group activities Taking part in the self assessment activities Participation in the doubt clearing sessions
Session 1: Introduction to Hibernate
Objectives
Refresher in enterprise application architectures

Traditional persistence Hibernate motivation
Objectives

N-Tier Architecture
Application is made up of layers or tiers Each layer encapsulates specific responsibilities Enables changes in one area with minimal impact to other areas of the application
N-Tier Architecture (Cont)
Common tiers
Presentation
View in model-view-controller Responsible for displaying data only. No business logic
Service
Responsible for business logic
Persistence
Responsible for storing/retrieving data
N-Tier Architecture (Cont)
DAO Design Pattern
Data Access Object

Abstracts CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete) operations
Benefits
Allows different storage implementations to be plugged in with minimal impact to the rest of the system Decouples persistence layer Encourages and supports code reuse
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Objectives

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Traditional Persistence
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JDBC Overview
JDBC API provides ability to

Establish connection to a database Execute SQL statements Create parameterized queries Iterate through results Manage database transactions
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JDBC Overview (Cont)
Basic Steps to JDBC Operations

Load driver or obtain datasource Establish connection using a JDBC URL Create statement Execute statement Optionally, process results in result set Close database resources Optionally, commit/rollback transaction
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JDBC Example Create Account

public Account createAccount(Account account) { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement getAccountIdStatement = null; PreparedStatement createAccountStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; long accountId=0; // Load driver try { Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } try { //Get connection and set auto commit to false Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle: thin:lecture1/lecture1@localhost:1521:XE"); connection.setAutoCommit(false);
...
FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use 15
JDBC Example Create Account(Cont)

... //Get account id from sequence getAccountIdStatement = connection .prepareStatement("SELECT ACCOUNT_ID_SEQ.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL"); resultSet = getAccountIdStatement.executeQuery(); resultSet.next(); accountId = resultSet.getLong(1); //Create the account createAccountStatement = connection .prepareStatement(AccountDAOConstants.CREATE_ACCOUNT); createAccountStatement.setLong(1, accountId); createAccountStatement.setString(2, account.getAccountType()); createAccountStatement.setDouble(3, account.getBalance()); createAccountStatement.executeUpdate(); //Commit transaction connection.commit(); } ...
JDBC Example Create Account(Cont)

... catch (SQLException e) { //In case of exception, rollback try{ connection.rollback(); }catch(SQLException e1){// log error} throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { //close database resources try { if (resultSet != null) resultSet.close(); if (getAccountIdStatement!= null) getAccountIdStatement.close(); if (createAccountStatement!= null) createAccountStatement.close(); if (connection != null) connection.close(); } catch (SQLException e) {// log error} } }
Objectives

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Traditional Persistence vs. Hibernate
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Hibernate History
Grass roots development (2001)

Christian Bauer Gavin King
JBoss later hired lead Hibernate developers (2003)

Brought Hibernate under the Java EE specification Later officially adopted as the official EJB3.0 persistence
implementation for the JBoss application server. EJB 3.0 Expert Group (2004)
Key member which helped shape EJB3.0 and JPA
NHibernate
.NET version release in 2005
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Why Hibernate?
Impedance mismatch
Object-oriented vs. relational
Failure of EJB 2.x

Entity Beans were extremely slow, complex
Reduce application code by 30%

- Less code is better maintainable
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Why Hibernate?
Java developers are not database developers
Reduce the need for developers to know and fully understand database design, SQL, performance tuning Increase portability across database vendors
Increase performance by deferring to experts Potential decrease in database calls More efficient SQL statements Hibernate cache usage
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Summary

Refresher in application architectures Traditional Persistent implementation

JDBC example
Motivation
Origination and history of Hibernate Reasons for Hibernates development
Impedance mismatch Failure of EJB 2.x Java developers are not database developers Performance benefits
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Session 2: Walk-through of a Simple Hibernate Example
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Objectives
Creating a simple, but full, end to end Hibernate Application How to use JUnit in developing Enterprise Application
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Objectives
Creating a simple, but full, end to end Hibernate Application How to use JUnit in developing Enterprise Application
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High Level Architecture
Building a Hibernate Application

1. Define the domain model 2. Setup your Hibernate configuration
hibernate.cfg.xml
3. Create the domain object mapping files

<domain_object>.hbm.xml
4. Make Hibernate aware of the mapping files

Update the hibernate.cfg.xml with list of mapping files
5. Implement a HibernateUtil class

Usually taken from the Hibernate documentation
6. Write your code

Account Object / Table
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hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> ... </session-factory> <hibernate-configuration>
Configure Hibernate here, particularly the session-factory
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hibernate.cfg.xml (Cont)
... <session-factory> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"> oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE </property> <property name="hibernate.connection.username">lecture2</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.password">lecture2</property> ...
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hibernate.cfg.xml (Cont)
... <property name="dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property> <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="format_sql">false</property> </session-factory>
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Configuring Hibernate
There are multiple ways to configure Hibernate, and an application can leverage multiple methods at once Hibernate will look for and use configuration properties in the following order
hibernate.properties (when new Configuration() is called) hibernate.cfg.xml (when configure() is called on Configuration) Programatic Configuration Settings
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Configuring Hibernate(Cont)
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Object Mapping Files

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class> ... Describe your class attributes here. </class> </hibernate-mapping>
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Account.hbm.xml Mapping File

... <class name="courses.hibernate.vo.Account table="ACCOUNT"> <id name="accountId" column="ACCOUNT_ID"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="creationDate" column="CREATION_DATE type="timestamp" update="false"/> <property name="accountType" column="ACCOUNT_TYPE type="string" update="false"/> <property name="balance" column="BALANCE type="double"/> </class> ...
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Hibernate ID Generators
Native:
Leverages underlying database method for generating ID (sequence, identity, etc)
Increment:
Automatically reads max value of identity column and increments by 1
UUID:
Universally unique identifier combining IP & Date (128bit)
Many more
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Make Hibernate aware of the mapping files
... <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect </property> <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="format_sql">false</property> <mapping resource="Account.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory>
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HibernateUtil
Convenience class to handle building and obtaining the Hibernate SessionFactory

Use recommended by the Hibernate org
SessionFactory is thread-safe
Singleton for the entire application
Used to build Hibernate Sessions

Hibernate Sessions are NOT thread safe One per thread of execution
39
HibernateUtil (Cont)
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class HibernateUtil { private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory; // initialize sessionFactory singleton static { sessionFactory = new Configuration(). configure().buildSessionFactory(); } // method used to access singleton public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } }
Session API
How to get Hibernate Session instance

Hibernate Session
session.saveOrUpdate() session.get() session.delete()
Session session =HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
What about just plain save?

Its there, but not typically used session.save()
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Account DAO saveOrUpdate()
public void saveOrUpdateAccount(Account account) { Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session.saveOrUpdate(account); }
Remember the number of LOC needed to do this with JDBC?
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Account DAO get()
public Account getAccount(long accountId) {

Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); Account account = (Account)session.get(Account.class,accountId); return account;
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Account DAO delete()
public void deleteAccount(Account account) {

Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session.delete(account);
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Service Layer - AccountService

import courses.hibernate.dao.AccountDAO; import courses.hibernate.vo.Account; /** * Service layer for Account */ public class AccountService { AccountDAO accountDAO = new AccountDAO(); ... }
Declare all business methods here
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AccountService business methods
/** * Create a new account or update an existing one * @param account * account to be persisted */ public void saveOrUpdateAccount(Account account) { accountDAO.saveOrUpdateAccount(account); }
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/** * Retrieve an account * @param accountId * identifier of the account to be retrieved * @return account represented by the identifier provided */ public Account getAccount(long accountId) { return accountDAO.getAccount(accountId); }
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/** * Delete account * @param account * account to be deleted */ public void deleteAccount(Account account) { accountDAO.deleteAccount(account); }
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Testing with JUnit
JUnit is an open source framework to perform testing against units of code.

A single test class contains several test methods Provides helper methods to make assertions of expected results Common to have multiple test classes for an application
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Using JUnit
Download the jar from JUnit.org Add downloaded jar to project classpath Create a class to house your test methods, naming it anything you like (typically identifying it as a test class) Implement test methods, naming them anything you like and marking each with the @Test annotation at the method level Call the code to be tested passing in known variables and based on expected behavior, use assert helper methods provided by Junit to verify correctness
Assert.assertTrue(account.getAccountId() == 0);
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JUnit and Eclipse
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JUnit and Eclipse
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Test Create
@Test public void testCreateAccount() { Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session.beginTransaction(); Account account = new Account(); // no need to set id, Hibernate will do it for us account.setAccountType(Account.ACCOUNT_TYPE_SAVINGS); account.setCreationDate(new Date()); account.setBalance(1000L); // confirm that there is no accountId set Assert.assertTrue(account.getAccountId() == 0);
...
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Test Create (Cont)

... // save the account AccountService accountService = new AccountService(); accountService.saveOrUpdateAccount(account); session.getTransaction().commit(); HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close(); System.out.println(account); // check that ID was set after the hbm session Assert.assertTrue(account.getAccountId() > 0); }
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Handling Transactions
Why am I starting/ending my transactions in my test case?
In order to take advantage of certain Hibernate features, the Hibernate org recommends you close your transactions as late as possible. For test cases, this means in the tests themselves Later well discuss suggested ways of handling this within applications
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Test Get
@Test public void testGetAccount() { Account account = createAccount(); // create account to get Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session.beginTransaction(); AccountService accountService = new AccountService(); Account anotherCopy = accountService.getAccount(account.getAccountId()); // make sure these are two separate instances Assert.assertTrue(account != anotherCopy); session.getTransaction().commit(); HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close(); }
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Test Update Balance

@Test public void testUpdateAccountBalance() { // create account to update Account account = createAccount(); Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session.beginTransaction(); AccountService accountService = new AccountService(); account.setBalance(2000); accountService.saveOrUpdateAccount(account); session.getTransaction().commit(); HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close(); ...
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Test Update Balance (Cont)

... Session session2 = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session2.beginTransaction(); Account anotherCopy = accountService.getAccount(account.getAccountId()); System.out.println(anotherCopy); // make sure the one we just pulled back from the // database has the updated balance Assert.assertTrue(anotherCopy.getBalance() == 2000); session2.getTransaction().commit(); HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close(); }
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Test Delete
@Test public void testDeleteAccount() { // create an account to delete Account account = createAccount(); Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session.beginTransaction(); AccountService accountService = new AccountService(); // delete the account accountService.deleteAccount(account); session.getTransaction().commit(); HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close(); ...
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Test Delete (Cont)

... Session session2 = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session2.beginTransaction(); // try to get the account again -- should be null Account anotherCopy = accountService.getAccount(account.getAccountId()); System.out.println("var anotherCopy = "+ anotherCopy); Assert.assertNull(anotherCopy); session2.getTransaction().commit(); HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close(); }
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Summary
End to end Hibernate Application

- Configuration hibernate.cfg.xml
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE </property>
- Object mapping files Account.hbm.xml

<class name="courses.hibernate.vo.Account table="ACCOUNT"> <property name="accountType column="ACCOUNT_TYPE type="string" update="false"/>
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Summary (Cont)
HibernateUtil to handle Session
static { sessionFactory = newConfiguration() .configure().buildSessionFactory(); } public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; }
Writing the implementation

Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session.saveOrUpdate(account);
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Q&A
63

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Fresher Technology Specific - JAVA Stream Hibernate Framework Author: ChieuCC-F2W.

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Session 1: Introduction to Hibernate

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Refresher in enterprise application architectures

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Refresher in enterprise application architectures

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

N-Tier Architecture (Cont)

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

N-Tier Architecture (Cont)

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

DAO Design Pattern

Data Access Object

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Refresher in enterprise application architectures

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

JDBC API provides ability to

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

JDBC Overview (Cont)

Basic Steps to JDBC Operations

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

JDBC Example Create Account

JDBC Example Create Account(Cont)

JDBC Example Create Account(Cont)

Refresher in enterprise application architectures

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Traditional Persistence vs. Hibernate

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Grass roots development (2001)

JBoss later hired lead Hibernate developers (2003)

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Failure of EJB 2.x

Reduce application code by 30%

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Refresher in application architectures Traditional Persistent implementation

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Session 2: Walk-through of a Simple Hibernate Example

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

High Level Architecture

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Building a Hibernate Application

3. Create the domain object mapping files

4. Make Hibernate aware of the mapping files

5. Implement a HibernateUtil class

6. Write your code

Account Object / Table

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

Configure Hibernate here, particularly the session-factory

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use

FPT SOFTWARE TRAINING MATERIAL Internal use