Unit 1

HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION B.
TECH IV YR I SEMESTER(TERM 2012-13) UNIT 1 PPT SLIDES TEXT BOOKS: The essential guide to user interface design, Wilbert O Galitz, Wiley DreamaTech. Designing the user interface. 3rd Edition Ben Shneidermann , Pearson Education Asia.
No. of slides: 27
INDEX UNIT 1 PPT SLIDES S.NO. TOPIC LECTURE NO. PPTSLIDES

L1 L1.1TO L1.8
1
2 3 4 5
Introduction Importance of user Interface Importance of good design Benefits of good design History of Screen design REVISION
L2 L3 L4
L2.1 TO L2.4 L3.1 TO L3.8 L4.1 TO L4.10
L5
Humancomputer interaction (HCI), alternatively manmachine interaction (MMI) or computer human interaction (CHI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers.
lecture 1 slide 1
Definition
"Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned

with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them."
lecture 1 slide 3
Goals
A basic goal of HCI is
to improve the interactions between users and computers by making computers more usable and receptive to the user's needs.
A long term goal of HCI is

to design systems that minimize the barrier between the human's cognitive model of what they want to accomplish and the computer's understanding of the user's task
lecture 1 slide 4
Why is HCI important?

User-centered design is getting a crucial role!
It is getting more important today to increase
competitiveness via HCI studies (Norman, 1990)

Users lose time with badly designed products and services
Users even give up using bad interface

Ineffective allocation of resources
lecture 1 slide 5
Defining the User Interface

User interface, design is a subset of a field of study called
human-computer interaction (HCI). Human-computer interaction is the study, planning, and design of how people and computers work together so that a person's needs are satisfied in the most effective way. HCI designers must consider a variety of factors:
what people want and expect, physical limitations and abilities people possess, how information processing systems work, what people find enjoyable and attractive. Technical characteristics and limitations of the computer hardware
lecture 1 slide 6 and software must also be considered.
The user interface is

the part of a computer and its software that people can see, hear,
touch, talk to, or otherwise understand or direct.
The user interface has essentially two components: input
and output.
Input is how a person communicates his / her needs to the computer.
Some common input components are the keyboard, mouse,
trackball, one's finger, and one's voice.
Output is how the computer conveys the results of its
computations and requirements to the user.

Today, the most common computer output mechanism is the display screen.
lecture 1 slide 7
The use of the human senses of smell and touch output in
interface design still remain largely unexplored.
Proper interface design will provide a mix of well-designed input and output mechanisms that satisfy the user's needs, capabilities, and limitations in the most effective way possible.
The best interface is one that it not noticed, one that
permits the user to focus on the information and task at

hand, not the mechanisms used to present the information and perform the task.
back
lecture 1 slide 8
The Importance of Good Design

With today's technology and tools, and our motivation to
create really effective and usable interfaces and screens, why do we continue to produce systems that are inefficient and confusing or, at worst, just plain unusable? Is it because:
We don't care?
We don't possess common sense? We don't have the time? We still don't know what really makes good design?
lecture 2 slide 1
But we never seem to have time to find out what makes
good design.
Interface and screen design were really a matter of common sense, we developers would have been producing almost identical screens for similar applications and functions for many years.
lecture 2 slide 2
Example bad designs

Closed door with complete wood suggestion : glass door
lecture 2 slide 3
The Importance of the User Interface

A well-designed interface and screen is terribly important to our users. It is their window to view the capabilities of the system.
It is also the vehicle through which many critical tasks are presented. These tasks often have a direct impact on an organization's relations with its customers, and its profitability.
A screen's layout and appearance affect a person in a variety of ways. If they are confusing and inefficient, people will have greater difficulty in doing their jobs and will make more mistakes.
Poor design may even chase some people away from a system permanently. It can also lead to aggravation, frustration, and increased stress.
back lecture 2 slide 4
The Benefits of Good Design Good design increases the manufacturing rate of the product and its demand in the market. Poor clarity forced screen users to spend one extra second per screen.
Almost one additional year would be required to process all screens. Twenty extra seconds in screen usage time adds an additional 14 person years.
The benefits of a well designed screen have also been under experimental scrutiny for many years.
One researcher, for example, attempted to improve screen clarity and
readability by making screens less crowded. Separate items, which had been combined on the same display line to conserve space, were placed on separate lines instead. The result screen users were about 20 percent more productive with the less crowded version.
lecture 3 slide 1
Proper formatting of information on screens does have a
significant positive effect on performance.

Training costs are lowered because training time is reduced
support line costs are lowered because fewer assist calls

are necessary. employee satisfaction is increased because aggravation and frustration are reduced. Ultimately, that an organization's customers benefit
because of the improved service they receive.
lecture 3 slide 2
Identifying and resolving problems during the design and development process also has significant economic benefits How many screens are used each day in our technological world? How many screens are used each day in your
organization? Thousands? Millions?

Imagine the possible savings. Proper screen design might also, of course, lower the costs of replacing "broken"
PCs.
lecture 3 slide 3
A Brief History of Screen Design

While developers have been designing screens since a
cathode ray tube display was first attached to a computer, more widespread interest in the application of good design principles to screens did not begin to emerge until the early 1970s, when IBM introduced its 3270 cathode ray tube text-based terminal.
A 1970s screen often resembled the one pictured in Figure
1.1. It usually consisted of many fields (more than are

illustrated here) with very cryptic and often unintelligible captions.
lecture 4 slide 1
A Brief History of Screen Design

It was visually cluttered, and often possessed a command
field that challenged the user to remember what had to be keyed into it. Ambiguous messages often required referral to a manual to interpret. Effectively using this kind of screen required a great deal of practice and patience. Most early screens were monochromatic, typically
presenting green text on black backgrounds.
lecture 4 slide 2
TDX95210
THE CAR RENTAL COMPANY
10/11/16 10:25
NAME TEL RO _________________ ______________________ ____________________ PUD ___________ RD ________ C _________ RT _________ MPD __________
ENTRY ERROR
XX465628996Q.997
COMMAND
Figure 1.1 A 1970s screen.
lecture 4 slide 3
At the turn of the decade guidelines for text-based screen design were finally made widely available and many screens began to take on a much less cluttered look through concepts such as grouping and alignment of elements, as illustrated in Figure 1.2.
User memory was supported by providing clear and

meaningful field captions and by listing commands on the screen, and enabling them to be applied, through function keys. Messages also became clearer.
lecture 4 slide 4
These screens were not entirely clutter-free, however. Instructions and reminders to the user had to be inscribed on the screen in the form of prompts or completion aids such as the codes PR and Sc.
Not all 1980s screens looked like this, however. In the

1980s, 1970s-type screens were still being designed, and many still reside in systems today.
lecture 4 slide 5
THE CAR RENTAL COMPANY

RENTER Name: _______________________ Telephone: ___________________ LOCATION Office: _______________________ Pick-up Date:__________________ Return Date: __________________ AUTOMOBIL Class: ______(PR. ST. FU. MD. CO. SC) Rate: _____________________________ Miles per Day:______________________ The maximum allowed miles per day is 150. Enter Fl-Help F3-Exit F12=Cancel
Figure lecture 1.2 4A 1980s screen. slide 6
The advent of graphics yielded another milestone in

the evolution of screen design, as illustrated in Figure 1.3. While some basic "design principles did not change, groupings and alignment, for example, borders were made available to visually enhance groupings, and buttons and menus for implementing commands replaced function keys.
lecture 4 slide 7
lecture 4 slide 8
Multiple properties of elements were also provided,
including many different font sizes and styles, line

thicknesses, and colors. The entry field was supplemented by a multitude of other kinds of controls, including list boxes, drop-down combination boxes, spin boxes, and so forth. These new controls were much more effective in supporting a person's memory, now simply allowing for
selection from a list instead of requiring a remembered key

entry.
lecture 4 slide 9
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HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION B.

INDEX UNIT 1 PPT SLIDES S.NO. TOPIC LECTURE NO. PPTSLIDES

L2.1 TO L2.4 L3.1 TO L3.8 L4.1 TO L4.10

"Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned

A long term goal of HCI is

Why is HCI important?

competitiveness via HCI studies (Norman, 1990)

Users even give up using bad interface

Defining the User Interface

The user interface is

The user interface has essentially two components: input

Output is how the computer conveys the results of its

computations and requirements to the user.

The use of the human senses of smell and touch output in

interface design still remain largely unexplored.

The best interface is one that it not noticed, one that

permits the user to focus on the information and task at

The Importance of Good Design

But we never seem to have time to find out what makes

Example bad designs

The Importance of the User Interface

Proper formatting of information on screens does have a

significant positive effect on performance.

support line costs are lowered because fewer assist calls

because of the improved service they receive.

organization? Thousands? Millions?

A Brief History of Screen Design

A 1970s screen often resembled the one pictured in Figure

1.1. It usually consisted of many fields (more than are

A Brief History of Screen Design

presenting green text on black backgrounds.

THE CAR RENTAL COMPANY

Figure 1.1 A 1970s screen.

User memory was supported by providing clear and

Not all 1980s screens looked like this, however. In the

THE CAR RENTAL COMPANY

Figure lecture 1.2 4A 1980s screen. slide 6

The advent of graphics yielded another milestone in

Multiple properties of elements were also provided,

including many different font sizes and styles, line

selection from a list instead of requiring a remembered key

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