Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 106 views

    Improper Integrals

    Uploaded by

    Temesgen Bihonegn
    This document discusses improper integrals, which are integrals where either the function or limits of integration are infinite. It provides four examples: 1) An integral with an asymptote at x=1. Taking the limit from inside the interval yields a convergent integral equal to 1/2. 2) An integral with a limit of 0 that diverges to infinity as evaluated using limits. 3) A double integral treated as the product of two integrals, one of which is convergent and the other divergent, making the overall integral divergent. 4) An integral with a variable exponent P. If P>1 the integral diverges, but if P<1 it converges.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Improper Integrals

    Uploaded by

    Temesgen Bihonegn
    106 views9 pages
    This document discusses improper integrals, which are integrals where either the function or limits of integration are infinite. It provides four examples: 1) An integral with an asymptote at x=1. Taking the limit from inside the interval yields a convergent integral equal to 1/2. 2) An integral with a limit of 0 that diverges to infinity as evaluated using limits. 3) A double integral treated as the product of two integrals, one of which is convergent and the other divergent, making the overall integral divergent. 4) An integral with a variable exponent P. If P>1 the integral diverges, but if P<1 it converges.

    Original Description:

    lecture

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses improper integrals, which are integrals where either the function or limits of integration are infinite. It provides four examples: 1) An integral with an asymptote at x=1. Taking the limit from inside the interval yields a convergent integral equal to 1/2. 2) An integral with a limit of 0 that diverges to infinity as evaluated using limits. 3) A double integral treated as the product of two integrals, one of which is convergent and the other divergent, making the overall integral divergent. 4) An integral with a variable exponent P. If P>1 the integral diverges, but if P<1 it converges.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    106 views9 pages

    Improper Integrals

    Uploaded by

    Temesgen Bihonegn
    This document discusses improper integrals, which are integrals where either the function or limits of integration are infinite. It provides four examples: 1) An integral with an asymptote at x=1. Taking the limit from inside the interval yields a convergent integral equal to 1/2. 2) An integral with a limit of 0 that diverges to infinity as evaluated using limits. 3) A double integral treated as the product of two integrals, one of which is convergent and the other divergent, making the overall integral divergent. 4) An integral with a variable exponent P. If P>1 the integral diverges, but if P<1 it converges.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 9

    8.

    4 day one
    Improper
    Integrals
    Greg Kelly, Hanford High School, Richland, Washington
    Until now we have been finding integrals of continuous
    functions over closed intervals.
    Sometimes we can find integrals for functions where
    the function or the limits are infinite. These are called
    improper integrals.

    Example 1:
    1
    0
    1

    1
    x
    dx
    x
    +

    }
    The function is
    undefined at x = 1 .
    0
    1
    2
    3
    4
    1
    Since x = 1 is an asymptote, the
    function has no maximum.
    Can we find
    the area under
    an infinitely
    high curve?
    We could define this integral as:
    0
    1
    1
    lim
    1
    b
    b
    x
    dx
    x

    }
    (left hand limit)
    We must approach the limit from
    inside the interval.

    0
    1
    1
    lim
    1
    b
    b
    x
    dx
    x

    }
    1

    1
    1
    1
    x
    x
    x
    dx
    x
    + +
    +

    }
    Rationalize the numerator.
    2
    1+x

    1
    dx
    x
    }
    2 2
    1 x

    1 1
    dx dx
    x x
    +

    } }
    2
    1 u x =
    2 du x dx =
    1

    2
    du x dx =
    1
    1
    2
    1
    sin
    2
    x u du

    2 2
    1 x

    1 1
    dx dx
    x x
    +

    } }
    2
    1 u x =
    2 du x dx =
    1

    2
    du x dx =
    1
    1
    2
    1
    sin
    2
    x u du

    }
    1
    1
    2
    sin x u

    1 2
    1
    0
    lim sin 1
    b
    b
    x x


    ( )
    ( )
    1 2 1
    1
    lim sin 1 sin 0 1
    b
    b b


    1
    2
    t
    = +
    2
    t
    0 0
    This integral converges
    because it approaches a
    solution.

    Example 2:
    -1
    0
    1
    2
    3
    4
    -1 1
    1
    0
    dx
    x
    }
    1
    0
    limln
    b
    b
    x
    +

    0
    lim ln1 ln
    b
    b
    +


    0
    1
    lim ln
    b
    b
    +

    =
    This integral diverges.
    (right hand limit)
    We approach the limit from inside
    the interval.
    1
    0
    1
    lim
    b
    b
    dx
    x
    +

    Example 3:
    ( )
    3
    2
    0
    3
    1
    dx
    x
    }
    The function
    approaches
    when .

    1 x
    0
    1
    2
    3
    4
    1 2 3
    ( )
    2
    3
    3
    0
    1 x dx

    }
    ( ) ( )
    2 2
    3
    3 3
    0
    1 1
    lim 1 lim 1
    b
    c
    b c
    x dx x dx
    +


    +
    } }
    ( ) ( )
    3
    1 1
    3 3
    1 1
    0
    lim3 1 lim3 1
    b
    b c
    c
    x x
    +

    +

    ( ) ( )
    2 2
    3
    3 3
    0
    1 1
    lim 1 lim 1
    b
    c
    b c
    x dx x dx
    +


    +
    } }
    ( ) ( )
    3
    1 1
    3 3
    1 1
    0
    lim3 1 lim3 1
    b
    b c
    c
    x x
    +

    +
    ( ) ( ) ( )
    1
    1 1 1
    3
    3 3 3
    1 1
    lim 3 1 3 1 lim 3 2 3 1
    b c
    b c
    +

    (
    (
    +
    (
    (


    0
    0
    3
    3 3 2 +

    Example 4:
    1
    P
    dx
    x

    }
    0 P >
    1

    P
    x dx


    }
    1
    lim
    b
    P
    b
    x dx

    }
    1
    1
    1
    lim
    1
    b
    P
    b
    x
    P
    +

    +
    1 1
    1
    lim
    1 1
    P P
    b
    b
    P P
    + +


    + +
    What happens here?
    If then gets bigger
    and bigger as , therefore
    the integral diverges.
    1 Ps
    1 P
    b
    +
    b
    If then b has a negative
    exponent and ,
    therefore the integral converges.
    1 P >
    1
    0
    P
    b
    +

    (P is a constant.)
    t

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy