Nervous System

Nervous System
Central vs. Peripheral Nervous

System
 1. Central Nervous
System (CNS): brain
and spinal cord

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous
System
 2. Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS): cranial
nerves, spinal nerves
and ganglia
 * (Ganglion=group of
neuron cell bodies
located outside CNS)
Sensory division vs. Motor division
 1. Sensory Division: receives information FROM
body and transmits it TO the CNS for processing
 a) Somatic Sensory component – receives sensory
information from skin, joints, muscle, special senses
 b) Visceral Sensory component – receives sensory info
from blood vessels and viscera
 2. Motor Division: transmits info FROM the CNS TO
muscles and glands
 a. Somatic motor component: innervates skeletal muscle
 b. Autonomic motor (Autonomic Nervous System):
innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of
viscera (organs)
NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS
 A. Neurons: respond to
stimuli and conduct
nerve impulses
NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS
 B. Glial Cells: support

and protect neurons
(maintenance)
NEURON COMPOSITION (p 104)
 A. Cell Body:
 B. Nucleus:
 C. Dendrites:

 D. Axon:
 E. Synapse:
NEURON CLASSIFICATION
 1. Sensory (Afferent) Neuron: brings information TO the CNS

 2. Motor (Efferent) Neuron: takes information FROM CNS to other parts of the
body, cell body located in CNS

 3. Interneuron (Association Neurons): helps coordinate and integrate info
between sensory and motor neurons, cell body located in CNS
GLIAL CELLS - PNS
 A. Satellite Cells:
surround neuron cell
bodies in spinal ganglia
* (Ganglion=group
of neuron cell bodies
located outside CNS)
 B. Schwann cells:
myelinate axons in PNS

Glial Cells - CNS
 C. Astrocytes: regulate transfer of materials from blood
to the brain - help the workings of "blood -brain barrier"

 D. Oligodendrocytes: myelinate axons in CNS

 E. Microglia: phagocytize damaged neurons

 F. Ependymal Cells: line central canal and ventricles -
help circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

MYELINATION OF AXONS
 wrapping an axon with myelin

The Brain
 4 Regions
 Cerebrum
 R & L Hemispheres
 Diencephalon
 Brain Stem
 Cerebellum
Brain – Cerebrum
 Largest Region
 Gyri (twisters) & Sulcus
(grooves)
 Fissures (deep
grooves)
 Longitudinal
(hemispheres)
 Divide Lobes
Brain – Cerebrum (lobes)
 Parietal Lobe
 Somatic sensory area
 “homunculus”
 Occipital Lobe
 Visual area
 Temporal Lobe
 Olfactory
 Deep inside
 Frontal Lobe
 Primary Motor Area
 Speech
 Language
Cerebrum
 Cerebral Gray Matter
(Cortex)
 superficial
 Cerebral White Matter
 deeper
 Corpus Callosum
 connects hemispheres
Diencephalon (interbrain)
 Sits atop brain stem
 Enclosed by cerebrum
 Structures
 Thalamus
 Hypothalamus
 Epithalamus
Diencephalon
 Thalamus
 Relay station from spinal
cord
 Crude impulse
 Pleasant vs. Unpleasant
Diencephalon
 Hypothalmus (“under
the thalmus”)
 ANS (Emotional Visceral
Brain)
 Body Temp, H2O
balance, Metabolism
 Appetites (thirst, hunger)
 Pleasure & Pain
Diencephalon
 Epithalamus
 Pineal body (endocrine
system)
 Choroid plexus
(cerebrospinal fluid)
Brain Stem
 About size of thumb
 Areas
 Midbrain
 Convey impulses
 Pons
 Controls breathing
 Medulla Oblongata
 Heart rate, BP, Swallowing, Vomiting, etc.
Cerebellum
 Convoluted surface
 Precise timing of
Skeletal muscles
 Balance
 “Auto-Pilot”
Protection of Brain
 Meninges
 dura mater (tough
mother)
 arachnoid mater
 pia mater (gentle mother)
 Cerebrospinal Fluid
 Eliminate waste
 Blood-Brain Barrier
 Least-permeable
membrane in body
Spinal Cord
 Aprox. 17 in long
 Continuation of Brain
Stem
 Ends Below ribs
Spinal Cord
 Gray Matter
 Posterior Horns (dorsal)
 Anterior Horns (ventral)
 CSF
 Central Canal
 Protection
 Vertebrae
 Dura mater
 Arachnoid
 Pia mater
Spinal Cord
 Cervical
 Thoracic
 Lumbar
 Sacral
 Coccygeal
Spinal Cord - Cervical
 8 Cervical Nerves C1-
C8
 Diaphragm, Shoulders,
Neck
 Damage may result in:
 Respiratory Paralysis
Spinal Cord - Thoracic
 T1-T12
 Intercostal
Spinal Cord - Lumbar
 L1-L5
 Lower abdomen,
buttocks, anterior &
medial thigh, hip
muscles, skin of thigh
 Damage:
 Inability to flex hip
 Loss of cutaneous
sensation
 Inability to adduct thigh
Spinal Cord – Sacral & Coccygeal
 S1-S5 + Coccygeal
Nerve
 Lateral & posterior
leg/foot, gluteus, lower
trunk
 Damage:
 Inability to extend hip
 Inability to flex knee

Nervous System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nervous System

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nervous System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nervous System

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous

 B. Glial Cells: support

 wrapping an axon with myelin

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.