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Objectives
To know what are these types of power plant.
To know the advantages and disadvantages of building a simple gas turbine plant and a diesel engine power plant. To know the lay-out of a simple gas turbine plant and a diesel power plant. To know and understand the operating principle of these power plant. To know the component it comprises.
A gas turbine plant may be defined as a plant in which the principal prime mover is of the turbine type and the working medium is permanent gas.
The compressor, which draws air into the engine, pressurizes it, and feeds it to the combustion chamber at speeds of hundreds of miles per hour. The combustion system, typically made up of a ring of fuel injectors that inject a steady stream of fuel into combustion chambers where it mixes with the air. The mixture is burned at temperatures of more than 2000 degrees F. The combustion produces a high temperature, high pressure gas stream that enters and expands through the turbine section. The turbine is an intricate array of alternate stationary and rotating aerofoil-section blades. As hot combustion gas expands through the turbine, it spins the rotating blades. The rotating blades perform a dual function: they drive the compressor to draw more pressurized air into the combustion section, and they spin a generator to produce electricity. The basic operation of the gas turbine is similar to that of the steam power plant except that air is used instead of water. Fresh atmospheric air flows through a compressor that brings it to higher pressure. Energy is then added by spraying fuel into the air and igniting it so the combustion generates a high-temperature flow. This high-temperature high-pressure gas enters a turbine, where it expands down to the exhaust pressure, producing a shaft work output in the process. The turbine shaft work is used to drive the compressor and other devices such as an electric generator that may be coupled to the shaft. The energy that is not used for shaft work comes out in the exhaust gases, so these have either a high temperature or a high velocity. The purpose of the gas turbine determines the design so that the most desirable energy form is maximized. Gas turbines are used to power aircraft, trains, ships, electrical generators, or even tanks.[1] Diesel Engine Power Plants are power plants which uses diesel engines coupled to a generator to produce electrical energy. Diesel engine power plant are installed where the supply of coal and water is not available in sufficient quantity of where power is to be generated in small quantity or where standby sets are required for continuity of supply such as in hospitals, telephone exchanges, radio stations and cinemas. These plants in the range of 2 to 50 MW capacity are used as central stations for supply authorities and works and they are universally adapted to supplement hydroelectric or thermal stations where standby generating plants are essential for starting from cold and under emergency conditions. The diesel units used for electric generation are more reliable and long-lived piece of equipment compared with other types of plants