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    Elements and Atoms

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    malaitaman
    This document discusses the building blocks of matter and the structure of atoms. It defines elements as substances that cannot be separated by physical or chemical means. Atoms are made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The periodic table organizes and classifies elements based on their atomic structure, including the number of protons and electrons. Elements differ in properties based on these subatomic particles.

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    Elements and Atoms

    Uploaded by

    malaitaman
    48 views29 pages
    This document discusses the building blocks of matter and the structure of atoms. It defines elements as substances that cannot be separated by physical or chemical means. Atoms are made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The periodic table organizes and classifies elements based on their atomic structure, including the number of protons and electrons. Elements differ in properties based on these subatomic particles.

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    This document discusses the building blocks of matter and the structure of atoms. It defines elements as substances that cannot be separated by physical or chemical means. Atoms are made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The periodic table organizes and classifies elements based on their atomic structure, including the number of protons and electrons. Elements differ in properties based on these subatomic particles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    48 views29 pages

    Elements and Atoms

    Uploaded by

    malaitaman
    This document discusses the building blocks of matter and the structure of atoms. It defines elements as substances that cannot be separated by physical or chemical means. Atoms are made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The periodic table organizes and classifies elements based on their atomic structure, including the number of protons and electrons. Elements differ in properties based on these subatomic particles.

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    Elements and Atoms

    Building blocks of matter


    Learning Targets
    I can distinguish between chemical and physical
    separation.
    I can distinguish between mixtures, compounds and
    elements.
    I can interpret the information on a periodic table.
    I can identify the key elements of life.
    I can describe the structure of atoms

    Classical Elements
    everything is made from a unique combination of these four
    Water
    Fire
    Earth
    Air
    How could
    people have
    been so
    foolish?
    Physical Means
    Doesnt change the identity of a substance.

    Change of state (melting, boiling, etc ...)
    Breaking
    Magnetism
    Dissolving
    Distillation (separation by boiling points)
    Chromatography (separation by mass)
    Chemical Means
    Changes the identity of a substance.

    Burning
    Electrifying
    Chemical reaction
    Light
    Mixtures, compounds,
    elements
    Mixture: substances joined together by physical
    means.

    Compounds: elements joined together by chemical
    means.

    Elements: substances that cannot be separated by
    physical or chemical means.
    Air
    Air: mixture of N
    2
    , O
    2
    , CO
    2
    Water molecules also present (humidity)
    Air components can be separated by melting point
    differences.

    Earth
    Earth is a mixture of salts, metals, organic matter,
    air, and water.
    Can be separated by different physical means.
    Water
    Pure water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
    Volume: 66.6% H, and 33.3% O
    Mass: 11.1 % H, and 88.9% O

    Fire
    Fire is light and heat, just energy not matter.
    Only exists from the result of a chemical reaction.

    What are elements?
    Things that cannot be separated by physical or
    chemical means.

    The same elements share the same physical and
    chemical properties.

    There are currently 118 (discovered / created)
    elements, 98 of them found naturally on earth.






    How do elements differ?
    Matter is mass and volume, so different elements
    must have different mass and volume.
    Density = mass / volume
    Density of elements was first used to differentiate
    the elements
    Nowadays they differ by atomic number (number
    of protons)
    Periodic Table
    Attempt to classify and organize elements.
    First designed by Mendeleev, based on the
    elements mass and properties.
    The periodic design allows the prediction of
    properties of unknown elements.
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsbXp64YPR
    Q
    http://www.ptable.com/

    Types of elements
    Metals: Left side of stairs

    Metalloids: touching the stairs

    Non-metals: right side of stairs plus Hydrogen
    Groups and Periods
    Periods are the horizontal lines, there are 7 periods
    currently on the periodic table.

    Groups are the vertical lines, elements on the same
    group generally have similar properties.
    Groups
    Lithium

    Sodium

    Potassium

    Rubidium



    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk
    Main Groups
    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K (1)
    Alkaline earth metals: Be, Mg, Ca (2)
    Transition Metals: Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Ag, Au, Hg
    (middle section)
    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I (17)
    Noble Gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe (18)
    Life Elements
    CHONPS Carbon,
    Hydrogen, Oxygen,
    Nitrogen, Phosphorous,
    and Sulfur


    What do elements look
    like?
    Democritus (Greek philosopher) was first to come
    with the idea of atoms.
    Dalton (English chemist) revived his idea 2
    thousand years later.

    Subatomic Particles
    Nucleus: proton and neutrons
    Outer portion: electrons
    Proton: positive, 1 amu (atomic mass unit)
    Neutron: neutral, 1 amu
    Electron: negative, 0.0005 amu
    Subatomic particles
    Atomic number = # protons

    Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons

    # protons = # electrons


    Electron Configuration
    Electrons are attracted to the nucleus, but they repel
    one another.

    Electrons arrange around the nucleus at different
    locations, called configurations

    These locations are called orbitals, shells, or energy
    levels.
    Electron configuration
    Valence electrons
    The electrons on the outermost energy level.
    The valence electrons are the ones involved in
    chemical reactions.
    Isotopes
    The number of protons define the element.

    The number of neutrons make the same element
    heavier or lighter.

    Isotopes are atoms of the same elements with
    different masses, different number of neutrons.
    Isotopes

    Building atoms
    http://www.teachersdomain.org/assets/wgbh/nv
    he/nvhe_int_elements/index.html
    Recap
    What were the classical elements? Why are they not
    considered elements anymore?
    How do we define an element?
    How is the periodic table organized?
    What are valence electrons?

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