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    Skin Factor

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    siriuslot
    This document discusses the importance of appropriate skin factor for optimal well productivity. It begins by defining formation damage and skin factor, which is the additional pressure drop near the wellbore. It then lists the objectives, which include calculating skin from pressure drop and flow efficiency. The document discusses causes of damage from drilling fluid, injection, and production. It presents models of skin effect and reservoir pressure profiles. The analysis of a build-up curve before and after reperforation shows that the initial perforation resulted in a high skin factor of 84.8, while reperforation reduced the skin factor to 4.6, improving productivity. The conclusion is that stimulation techniques can reduce damage skin to achieve optimal well productivity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Skin Factor

    Uploaded by

    siriuslot
    753 views14 pages
    This document discusses the importance of appropriate skin factor for optimal well productivity. It begins by defining formation damage and skin factor, which is the additional pressure drop near the wellbore. It then lists the objectives, which include calculating skin from pressure drop and flow efficiency. The document discusses causes of damage from drilling fluid, injection, and production. It presents models of skin effect and reservoir pressure profiles. The analysis of a build-up curve before and after reperforation shows that the initial perforation resulted in a high skin factor of 84.8, while reperforation reduced the skin factor to 4.6, improving productivity. The conclusion is that stimulation techniques can reduce damage skin to achieve optimal well productivity.

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    This document discusses the importance of appropriate skin factor for optimal well productivity. It begins by defining formation damage and skin factor, which is the additional pressure drop near the wellbore. It then lists the objectives, which include calculating skin from pressure drop and flow efficiency. The document discusses causes of damage from drilling fluid, injection, and production. It presents models of skin effect and reservoir pressure profiles. The analysis of a build-up curve before and after reperforation shows that the initial perforation resulted in a high skin factor of 84.8, while reperforation reduced the skin factor to 4.6, improving productivity. The conclusion is that stimulation techniques can reduce damage skin to achieve optimal well productivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    753 views14 pages

    Skin Factor

    Uploaded by

    siriuslot
    This document discusses the importance of appropriate skin factor for optimal well productivity. It begins by defining formation damage and skin factor, which is the additional pressure drop near the wellbore. It then lists the objectives, which include calculating skin from pressure drop and flow efficiency. The document discusses causes of damage from drilling fluid, injection, and production. It presents models of skin effect and reservoir pressure profiles. The analysis of a build-up curve before and after reperforation shows that the initial perforation resulted in a high skin factor of 84.8, while reperforation reduced the skin factor to 4.6, improving productivity. The conclusion is that stimulation techniques can reduce damage skin to achieve optimal well productivity.

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    You are on page 1of 14

    APPROPRIATE SKIN FACTOR FOR

    OPTIMAL WELL PRODUCTIVITY


    By
    WILLIAMS ACHESE
    DE.2008/1223

    INTRODUCTION
    The formation can be damaged during drilling, casing and cementing,
    completion, well servicing, well stimulation and production operations.
    The skin due to damage can be defined as the additional pressure drop in
    the near wellbore area that results from the drilling, completion and
    production practices used (Van Everdingen, 1953).
    Formation Damage can be defined as any near wellbore alteration that
    affects permeability due to well operations (Byrne et al, 2007).

    INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
    1.

    List causes of damage skin

    2.

    Calculate skin from pressure drop

    3. Calculate flow efficiency from skin


    4. Calculate skin factor and wellbore radius

    5. To analyze the reservoir using build-up curve, to illustrate on


    the improved wellbore productivity by effect of skin before
    and after reperforating

    6. Conclution

    Damage Caused by
    Injection

    Damage Caused by
    Drilling Fluid

    Mud filtrate
    invasion

    Damage Caused by
    Production

    p < p b p > pb

    dirty
    water

    incompatible
    water

    Reservoir Model of Skin Effect

    Altered
    zone

    Bulk
    formation

    ka
    h
    rw
    ra

    Reservoir Pressure Profile


    Pressure, psi

    2000

    1500

    1000

    Dps

    500
    1

    10

    100

    1000

    Distance from center of wellbore, ft

    Skin and Pressure Drop


    141.2qB
    Dp s
    s
    kh

    10000

    Skin and Pressure Drop


    s

    0.00708 k h
    Dp s
    qB

    Skin Factor and


    Properties
    of the Altered Zone
    k

    ra

    1
    ln
    r
    k

    w
    a

    Effective Wellbore Radius

    rwa
    s ln
    r
    w

    rwa rw e s

    Flow Efficiency

    Jactual p p wf Dps
    Ef

    Jideal
    p p wf
    Productivity Index

    q
    J
    p p wf

    ANALYSIS OF A BUILD-UP CURVE


    In a buildup test, a well which is already flowing (ideally at
    constant rate) is shut in and the downhole pressure measured
    as the pressure builds up. Ever since van Everdingen and Hurst
    (1953) introduced the concept of a skin factor, the primary

    focus of research has been on evaluation and minimization of


    formation impairment.
    The skin effect and its influence on the productive capacitive of
    a well is illustrated more efficiently in well before and after
    perforation as illustrated in the table 1

    Reperforating Job
    Before

    After

    Perforated interval

    6258-70ft

    6258-70ft

    h, producing interval

    548cm

    548cm

    Cumulative production

    3956 B/D

    5500 B/D

    Production rate

    96 B/D

    60 B/D

    Production time

    41.21 days

    91.67 days

    t, production time

    3561000 sec

    7920000 sec

    Shrinkage factor

    0.795

    0.795

    q at reservoir conditions

    222 cc/sec

    139 cc/sec

    Pressure increase per cycle

    6 psi

    4 psi

    pr , flowing pressure

    2060 psi

    2502 psi

    , viscosity

    0.65 cp

    0.65 cp

    , porosity

    0.219

    0.219

    c, fluid compressibility

    0.00017/atm

    0.00017/atm

    rw, well raduis

    6.3 cm

    6.3 cm

    PRESSURE BUILD-UP TEST BEFORE REPERFORATION

    PRESSURE BUILD-UP TEST BEFORE REPERFORATION

    TABLE 2 RESERVOIR PRESSURE GOTTEN FROM THE BUILDUP


    CURVE INTERPRETATION
    Before Reperforation

    After Reperforation

    Reservoir pressure, PR

    2554 psi

    2554 psi

    Pressure drop, PR Pf

    494 psi

    52 psi

    Pressure drop due to skin, ps

    441 psi

    16 psi

    Skin, s

    84.8

    4.6

    Permeability, k

    118 md

    111md

    Effective well bore radius, rwa

    9.35 x 10-37 cm

    6.33 x 10-2 cm

    Production Index

    0.194B/D-psi

    1.154B/D-psi

    Flow Efficiency

    0.107

    0.692

    The result show that the first perforation job was not efficient and
    that the reperforation essentially removed a large resistance which
    existed near the well bore

    CONCLUSION
    It is always possible to reduce the damage skin in the vicinity of a well by
    stimulation techniques such as fracturing, so both damage and
    improvement can occur. The appropriate skin factor for optimal well
    productivity can be achieved and control during well testing. In the
    reperforation of the well as describe in this paper. After reperforation the
    resulting skin factor is lesser when compared after reperforation.

    THANK YOU

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