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    Composite Culture

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    Ram Kumar
    This document provides information on composite fish culture, which involves culturing different fast-growing and compatible fish species together in the same pond. It describes how different species are suited to exploit different zones (surface, column, bottom) to utilize all ecological niches. A recommended species combination includes Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, Silver Carp, Grass Carp, and Common Carp. Management practices for the composite culture system are also outlined, including pre-stocking (weed removal, manuring), stocking (density, size), and post-stocking (feeding, fertilization, health checks) activities. With proper management, a production of 2000-3000 kg/ha/yr can be achieved, providing

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Composite Culture

    Uploaded by

    Ram Kumar
    2K views43 pages
    This document provides information on composite fish culture, which involves culturing different fast-growing and compatible fish species together in the same pond. It describes how different species are suited to exploit different zones (surface, column, bottom) to utilize all ecological niches. A recommended species combination includes Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, Silver Carp, Grass Carp, and Common Carp. Management practices for the composite culture system are also outlined, including pre-stocking (weed removal, manuring), stocking (density, size), and post-stocking (feeding, fertilization, health checks) activities. With proper management, a production of 2000-3000 kg/ha/yr can be achieved, providing

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    This document provides information on composite fish culture, which involves culturing different fast-growing and compatible fish species together in the same pond. It describes how different species are suited to exploit different zones (surface, column, bottom) to utilize all ecological niches. A recommended species combination includes Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, Silver Carp, Grass Carp, and Common Carp. Management practices for the composite culture system are also outlined, including pre-stocking (weed removal, manuring), stocking (density, size), and post-stocking (feeding, fertilization, health checks) activities. With proper management, a production of 2000-3000 kg/ha/yr can be achieved, providing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views43 pages

    Composite Culture

    Uploaded by

    Ram Kumar
    This document provides information on composite fish culture, which involves culturing different fast-growing and compatible fish species together in the same pond. It describes how different species are suited to exploit different zones (surface, column, bottom) to utilize all ecological niches. A recommended species combination includes Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, Silver Carp, Grass Carp, and Common Carp. Management practices for the composite culture system are also outlined, including pre-stocking (weed removal, manuring), stocking (density, size), and post-stocking (feeding, fertilization, health checks) activities. With proper management, a production of 2000-3000 kg/ha/yr can be achieved, providing

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    Composite Fish Culture

    Fish & Aquatic Ecology Unit


    Department of Zoology
    Rajiv Gandhi University

    EATING 100g FISH A DAY KEEP THE


    DOCTORS AWAY

    World fish consumption -16.3Kg


    Indian fish consumption 9.0Kg

    Why fish culture?


    Provides nutrition
    Provides income
    Provides employment

    Where, fish culture?

    Low lying areas


    Perennial water source
    Accessibility
    Free from pollutants

    Types of Culture
    Monoculture
    Polyculture

    What is Composite fish culture?


    Culture of different fast-growing and
    compatible species having different feeding
    habits, in the same pond is called composite
    fish culture or polyculture or mixed
    farming.

    According to the depth, a pond can be


    divided in to three distinct zones
    I. Upper surface zone
    II. Middle column zone
    III. Bottom zone
    A particular species exploits a particular zone

    Surface

    Catla

    Rohu

    Mrigal

    Column

    Silver carp

    Grass carp

    Bottom Common carp

    In this multi-species culture system, the fishes


    utilize all the ecological niches of the pond
    1. Catla (Catla catla) surface feeder
    2. Rohu (Labeo rohita) column feeder
    3. Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) bottom feeder
    4. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Feeds on macro-vegetation
    5. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
    surface feeder
    6. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) bottom
    feeder

    Surface feeders

    Catla

    Silver carp

    Column feeders

    Rohu

    Grass carp

    Bottom feeders

    Mrigal

    Common carp

    Management of Composite
    Fish Culture Pond

    Management practices
    Pre-stocking
    Stocking
    Post-stocking

    Pre-stocking management
    a) Weed clearance
    Why?
    Aquatic weeds reduce the living space available
    for fish
    Prevents entry of sunlight into the pond
    Consume nutrients from the pond affects the
    production of fish food organisms (plankton)
    Provides shelter to fish enemies
    Causes obstruction for harvesting of fish
    Excessive growth upsets oxygen balance

    Unmanaged weed
    infested pond

    Managed pond

    b) Eradication of unwanted fish


    Why?
    The unwanted fish compete for food, space and
    oxygen with the fingerlings of cultivable carps
    Some fishes may prey upon the carp fingerlings
    How?
    Dewatering ensures complete removal of
    unwanted fish
    In ponds, where dewatering is not possible,
    mahua oil cake @ 2000-2500 kg/ha-m depth is
    recommended

    Dry the pond until the bottom gets


    cracks. Help in eradication of
    unwanted and harmful microorganisms, removal of some toxic
    gases from pond bottom, kill the
    parasites.

    Unwanted fish for CFC

    c) Manuring
    Why?
    Manuring ensures production of natural fish
    food in the pond (phytoplankton &
    zooplankton)
    How?
    If mahua is applied, Raw Cow Dung (RCD)
    should be applied 7 days after mahua
    application @ 5000 kg/ha
    If mahua is not applied, RCD should be applied
    @ 10,000 kg/ha, 15 days before the stocking of
    fish seeds

    RAW COW DUNG (RCD)

    d) Liming
    Liming is done after 7 days of RCD application
    Why?
    Liming is done to correct the acidity
    It also helps to keep the pond hygienic

    Dose of lime for different soil types


    pH of soil

    Type of soil

    Dose of
    (kg/ha)

    4.5-5.0

    Highly acidic

    2000

    5.0-6.0

    Moderately acidic

    1200

    6.0-6.5

    Mildly acidic

    1000

    6.5-7.0

    Near neutral

    400

    7.0-7.5

    Mildly alkaline

    200

    lime

    Stocking
    a) Stocking density
    A stocking density of 7500
    fingerlings/ha is recommended

    nos.

    of

    A stocking density of 6000 fingerlings/ha


    would be ideal when the rearing period is
    limited to about 8-10 months

    b) Species combination
    In North Eastern Region, the species combination and
    proportion depends on the altitude of the place
    In lower altitudes (upto 2500 ft msl) with warm
    temperature 20% Catla : 20% Rohu : 15% Mrigal :
    20% Silver carp : 10% Grass carp : 15% Common carp
    In medium altitudes (upto 3500 ft msl) - 20% Catla :
    10% Rohu : 10% Mrigal : 30% Silver carp : 10% Grass
    carp : 20% Common carp
    In higher altitudes (above 3500 ft msl & below 4500 ft
    msl) - 40% Silver carp : 25% Grass carp : 35% Common
    carp

    c) Stocking size
    Fingerlings of 100-150 mm size are ideal
    for stocking, particularly in the colder
    climatic conditions of NEH Region

    Post-stocking management
    a) Supplementary feeding
    Rice polish and mustard oil cake is fed to the
    fishes in a ratio of 1:1 by weight @ 3% of their
    body weight of fishes
    The feed can be adjusted by regular monitoring
    of food consumption from the feeding trays
    Feed is administered twice daily morning and
    evening

    The feed ingredients made a dough placed in feeding basket


    For grass carp, chopped green vegetation
    are provided on feeding trays made of
    bamboo
    10-15 trays will be required for a 1 ha. pond

    Aquatic and terrestrial vegetation including


    fodder grasses and vegetable wastes can be
    supplemented for grass carp
    Grass carp is fed at least 1hr prior to the
    feeding of rice polish+M.O.Cake
    Feed for the grass carp can be provided on a
    feeding tray (made of split bamboo in a
    rectangular form)

    A view of the feeding basket

    Feeding in progress

    b) Fertilization
    Periodic organic and inorganic manuring is
    essential for production of fish food organisms
    in the pond
    Cow dung is applied as organic manure @ 1000
    kg/ha/month.
    Urea @ 25 kg/ha/month and single
    superphosphate @ 30 kg/ha/month are applied
    as inorganic fertilizers
    The inorganic manure should be applied by
    mixing with mud to facilitate slow leaching

    Mode of application of
    inorganic fertilizer

    Inorganic manure is normally applied after


    15 days of application of organic manure
    Fertilization should not be done during
    cloudy weather and when algal blooms
    appears

    c) Liming
    Liming is done once in a month @ 25 kg/ha
    (300 kg/ha/yr), two days after the
    application of organic manure

    Mixing of lime

    Application of lime

    d) Raking
    Raking of pond bottom is done, a day after
    liming
    Raking can be done by netting or by
    dragging branches of tree or by a rope tied
    with bricks
    Raking helps in proper mixing of lime with
    the bottom sediment and also helps in the
    release of obnoxious gases trapped at the
    bottom

    Growth and health care


    The growth and health of fish is to be regularly
    monitored by periodic netting, atleast once in two
    months
    If feed provided is not consumed, either the fish are
    suffering from some disease or the water quality is
    deteriorated
    Quantity of feed needs to be adjusted based on the
    growth increment of fish
    A bath in potassium permanganate solution is necessary
    for the netted fishes, before releasing back into the pond

    Checking the growth of fish

    Potassium permanganate
    bath for netted fish

    Harvesting and Production


    If managed properly, a fish production of
    2000-3000 kg/ha/yr can be obtained, with a
    net profit of Rs.40,000-45,000/- can be
    expected

    Generally practiced for 12 months

    Catla
    Rohu
    Mrigal
    Silver carp
    Grass carp
    Common carp

    800gm-1kg
    600-800gm
    400-600gm
    1.0-1.2kg
    1.0-1.5kg
    800gm-1.0kg

    N
    o

    Economics (12 months culture period in a 1ha pond)

    A.Expenditure
    1

    Weed clearance

    1,000.00

    Mahua Oil Cake (2500kg @


    Rs.4.50/kg)

    11,250.00

    Lime (1500kg@ Rs.6.00.kg)

    9,000.00

    Cow dung (20,000kg @ Rs.


    30.00/Quintal)

    6,000.00

    Urea (250kg @ Rs.6.00/kg)

    1,500.00

    SSP (300kg @ Rs.5.00/kg)

    1,500.00

    Fingerlings (@7500 nos./ha)

    15,000.00

    Feed i) Rice bran (2625kg @


    Rs.4.00/kg)

    10,500.00

    ii) M.O.C (2625kg @


    Rs.7.00/kg)

    18,375.00

    Netting

    2,000.00

    1
    0

    Miscellaneous

    5,000.00

    Total Expenditure

    81,125.00

    B.Return

    Fish for health


    Fish for income
    Fish for enjoyment
    Fish for hobby
    FISH FOR ALL
    GROW MORE FISH FOR A HEALTHY TOMORROW

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