PDO - Roady Safety Managing

How does
Petroleum Development Oman
manage Road-Safety ?
An Overview
Dec/02
How does PDO manage Road Safety: an overview
Contents/topics of this presentation:
Dec/02
Introduction slides: statistics and RTAs

Road safety management: threats and controls
Details: In Vehicle Monitoring Systems
Details: PDOs new Defensive Driving Program
Details: Safe Journey Management
Details: Night Driving
Details: the Vehicle
Details: RAS (Roadworthiness Assurance System)
Details: Road Safety Monitoring Teams
Details: the Rules: know, understand and follow them
Details: rollovers
Details: traffic laws reckless driving penalties
Details: load restraint
Details: RS actions required at a National Level
Road transport in the world
Road transport is the backbone of

modern society & economy:
Dec/02
Fast
Comfortable & convenient
Provides communication links
Generates jobs & income
It is fun
It is essential
We can not & do not want to live without it
Road transport in the world
Road transport was the number 9 killer

in 1990 and will be number 3 in 2020:
Dec/02
2500 die on the road every day

same as 6 full 747s every day
25-35% pedestrians
10-20% children under 15
cost: 1 billion US$ every day
the suffering is NOT measurable
this is a world wide problem
4
Oman: 614 fatalities in 1998, 499 in 2001

Oman Road Fatalities & Vehicle Numbers (1970-2001)
700
600,000
Fatalities
Tot N Vehicles
500,000
500
400,000
400
300,000
300
200,000
200
100,000
100
0
0
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
Dec/02
Vehicles
Fatalities
600
PDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance
RTAs / Million Km
Road Traffic Accidents per Million Km driven
Dec/02
Imp
rov
ing
BUT !
6
PDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance
1998
1999
2000
2001
Millions km driven
149
116
118
123
Road Accidents
231
144
158
160
Rollovers
51
32
43
33
Dead
10
2002:
8+1ptd
4 Dead
5 LTIs
Road Safety: 40% of the LTIs (Lost Time Injury)

90% of the Fatalities
Dec/02
Private car: 2 Dead (5/Mar/2001)

Eid Holidays: 2 man drove
from Yibal to Muscat after a
12 hr shift. Slept a few hours
and drove back to Yibal.
Straight road near Nizwa
Dec/02
They died in a high speed rollover on their way back to

Yibal.
They were not wearing their
seatbelts.
20/Nov/2001: Fatality + LTI

Blacktop road Fahud- Nizwa
Rules not followed:

- JM for trips >20 km
- Speed limit
- RAS inspection
- No PDO driving permit
Dec/02
!
!
r
e
v
o
l
l
o
R
Private car: 1 Dead (13/Feb/02)

Nahada - Fahud road at night Bilal al Hosni was 44 yrs old.
He was a father of 6 children
He did NOT wear his seatbelt
He sat ON it ! He rolled over.
He paid with
his life.
Bilal worked
as a gardener
in Fahud.
He provided a taxi service after a full
days work. He probably fell asleep at
01.00 hrs am on the road to Fahud
Dec/02
10
RTA Fatality 3-Apr-2002

What happened?:
Truck delivering line pipe to Fahud. Driver probably fell
asleep. Went straight of off the road, rolled-over and
jack-knifed. Cabin completely crushed.
Result:
Driver dead
Family lost their father
Lost truck
Learning:
JM plan NOT followed

STOP when tired
Dec/02
11
RTA Fatality 24-May-2002

What happened?:
High bed trailer transporting a mobile crane which. Driver brakes
hard for potholes in the road. Crane brakes loose from its chains
and crashes into
the cabin killing
the driver.
Result:
Driver dead
Lost truck
Learning:
Poor load
restraint
Wrong trailer
Dec/02
12
Stop the killing on our roads

Key Road Safety Problems in Oman:
Dec/02
Speeding
Driver behaviour (overtaking, tailgating)
Young drivers
Driver training and testing
Impaired drivers: fatigue
Dangerous road locations
Pedestrians
Passenger protection (rear seat belts, children)
Rescue system (communications, ambulances)
13

Key Road Safety Problems in PDO:
Dec/02
Speeding
Driver behaviour
Other road users
Lack of Defensive Driving Skills
Impaired drivers: fatigue
Journey Management
Load restraint practices
Management of (sub)-contractors
Use of private vehicles in the interior
14
There is no magic bullet in the

combat against road accidents.
Dick Twilhaar SPE article 6/2000
A road safety program must be:

- A multi pronged attack
- A long-term effort
Dec/02
15
Oman & PDO: Changing driving environment:
Oman: more vehicles, more drivers, more roads, more dead

1980: 100.000 Veh
400 Fatalities
1990: 225.000 Veh.
375 Fatalities
1999: 450.000 Veh.
600 Fatalities
PDOs infrastructure is changing

(from graded only to graded & blacktop):
1990: 60 km Blacktop (Fahud - Yibal)
1999: 500 km Blacktop
2005: 850 km Blacktop
Dec/02
16
Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Accidents are caused by threats created by
(In order of importance):
The
The
driver
other road users
The roads and the environment
The transport operation
The vehicle
The vehicle load/passengers
What follows is an overview of activities PDO currently

has in place to control these threats?
Dec/02
17
The transport
system
Other Road
Users
The Driver
Vehicle &
Load
Roads &
Environment
Accidents are caused by threats created by:

Dec/02
18
Road Safety Threats: The driver
Dec/02
Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)

Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge)
Driver fatigue
Driver mental stress
Driver physical fitness
Driver poor vision
Driver disoriented (brain cramp)
Driver alcohol/drugs/medicine
Driver loss of concentration (misc. reasons)
19
Road Safety Controls: The driver
Defensive Driving Courses: Driver competency assurance

IVMS/DMS strategy: improving driver behavior
Road Safety Monitoring Teams: 3 teams in interior
Clear rules and specifications: SP-2000
Safe Journey Management requirements
No Night driving rules
Strong awareness campaigns:
Posters, Videos, Stickers
Presentations
Campaigns
Dec/02
Hearts+Minds Road Safety Road Show : 99 & 2001

Violation disciplinary rules: PDO & Police
Minimum age: 21 years old.
Speed limiters on all vehicles.
20
Road Safety Threats: The other road users
Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)
Dec/02
Driver lack of competence

Driver fatigue
Driver loss of concentration (stress, alcohol, distracted, etc.)
Driver physical fitness
Driver poor vision
Animals (camels, goats, donkeys)

Behavior of pedestrians
21
Road Safety Controls: The other road users
Dec/02
Yearly GCC Road Safety Week Campaign organised by

PDO and distributed through Shell/BP/Al-Maha petrol stations
Formulating National Road Safety Plan workshop held 4/2001
attended by Police and Ministries involved in Road Safety
Interior awareness campaigns: Villages, Schools and Loacal Community
Contractors
Regular contacts with National and local Police
DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers
22
Road Safety Threats: The roads + environment
Dec/02
Obstruction (permanent/mobile: stones, equipment)

Poor road maintenance
Poor road design
Poor visibility (dust, fog, rain)
Poor visibility (night)
Rain (slippery road/wadis)
Objects above road; height restrictions
Steep gradients
Off road hazards
Wind forces
Heat & dehydration
23
Road Safety Controls: The roads + environment
Dec/02
No Night Driving policy

MAF/RAH Road Safety Panel: reviews all proposals in MAF
industrial area.
Blacktopping of all major roads (500 km done, 300 km
outstanding)
Condition based maintenance of graded roads: resheeting/grading
Road condition reporting by drivers: feed-back to
repair/maintenance.
Rationalizing Road signs
Dust code: no over taking, get off the road when dust cloud
coming towards you, lights on on graded roads.
24
Road Safety Threats: The transport operation
Dec/02
Poor supervision
Logistics: unnecessary kms
Logistics: non-optimum fleet management
Documentation unclear
25
Road Safety Controls: The transport operation
Road Transport Safety Program = Road transport HSE case
Dec/02
Rewrite of the HSE case based on bow-tie treath/control concept

Make it understandable to the users/drivers
Ranking and gap analysis of controls
Test HSE case against every RTA
Review by outside party (NSC/TRL)
KM reduction: organisation of primary/secondary logistics
26
Road Safety Threats: The vehicle
Dec/02
Poor Tires: selection/pressure/condition

Poor vehicle condition/maintenance
(major maintenance)
Poor checks and minor maintenance to vehicle
(tyre change,oil/water check,battery acid, hot
parts,rotating parts,hydraulic pressure)
Inappropriate for the task
27
Road Safety Controls: The vehicle
PDO Vehicle specifications:

Interior: 190 mm ground clearance, rollbars, high intesity rear lights.
First aid kits, triangles, AC, seatbelts on all seats, airbags, ABS breaks.
Dec/02
Tire specifications, inspections

Pre-mobilsation inspections for all vehicles.
Daily vehicle checks and defect reporting systems
Monthly vehicles safety inspections/maintenance
Yearly MOT type inspection by third party inspection
agencies (RAS: Roadworthiness Assurance System).
Journey Management systems (trip/vehicle authorisation)
Road Safety Monitoring Teams: road side vehicle inspections.
Use of 2WD instead of 4WD: low center of gravity
28
Road Safety Threats: The load/passengers
Dec/02
Overloaded/instability weight and distribution

Bulk liquids movable weight
Loads not correctly secured
Oversized loads
Load securing means working at height, chains, cheater
bars, load binders
Hazardous nature of the load chemicals,gases, radiation,
high or low temperature,pressurised
Passengers as "load"
Dis/embarking, trips,height
29
Road Safety Controls: The load/passengers
Dec/02
Load restraining procedures/specifications/competence

requirements (SP/2001)
Weigh bridges and inspections of loads before release.
RSMT and ROP road side checks
Specialist Defensive Driving courses for bus and tanker
drivers.
Mandatory seatbelt for all passengers
Journey Management procedures: vehicle/driver
selection.
30
Details: IVMS/DMS
Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS:
DMS:
Dec/02
In Vehicle Monitoring System

Driver Merit System
31
Details: IVMS/DMS
Why IVMS/DMS ??
Influence driver behavior

Less RTAs:
Reduce $$$ loss
Reduce Suffering
======================================================
Dec/02
Trials (Syria & PDO): significant improvement driver

behavior
Improves Safe Journey Management policing
Provides data for accident investigation
32
Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS/DMS: What is it?
IVMS
DMS
Dec/02
33
Details: IVMS/DMS
PDO Pilot results Oct/00-Jan/01: it works !!!
% o f V io latio n s
Speeding 80/100 km/h zone

40.00%
30.00%
Speeding 100
km/h zone
Speeding 80 km/h
zone
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Weeks
% of Violations
HA / HB / SB / Li OFF
40.00%
Harsh Acceleration
30.00%
Harsh Braking
20.00%
Seat-belt OFF
Li OFF
10.00%
0.00%
1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Weeks
Dec/02
34
Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS Cost: Much higher than estimated in 2001
HSE-SC 6/2001
11/2002
Once of installation cost:

500-1,000 US$/vehicle
1,570$/vehicle
(1,200 $ downward potential)
30- 50,000
$ infrastructure
Annual cost:
150-250 US$/vehicle/yr
(Admin, data download,
driver feedback)
100-250 US$/driver
(merit prizes)
500 $/vehicle/year
(250 $ downward potential??)
100-250 $/driver/year
**: Downward potential: no auto download & organization structure strategy
Dec/02
35
Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS Cost for 464 PDO vehicles (N, S & C):
One off investment: 880,000 $
Operations ( 3.5 yr):
628,000 $
Prizes (3.5 yr, 900 drivers @ 250 $/yr):
750,000 $
=========
Total:
2,258,000 $
Over 3 year:
4,800 $/veh
MD review 26/Oct: - Rejected: cost high, risk low
- Prepare high risk proposal
at lower total expenditure
Dec/02
36
Details: IVMS/DMS
Cost comparison of PDO Road Safety activities:
PDO/Contractors: 12,000 drivers / 6,000 vehicles
DDC Courses ($3,400K one off + $800K/year)
$65/driver/yr
3 RSMT teams ($540K/year)
$90/vehicle/yr
Yearly RAS inspections ($300K/year)
$50/vehicle/yr
CSM/1 staff & campaigns (1,000,000$/year)
$80/driver/yr
Vehicle tracking (for Security):

$1,400/veh one off + $300$/veh/yr (over 3 years)
150 vehicles in M/N/B/QA
= $770/vehicle/yr
IVMS/DMS ($880K one off + $628K/yr + $750K/yr

over 3.5 year)
=$1,370/vehicle/yr
Dec/02
37
Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS/DMS: strategy considerations
High cost
The only technology that measures and influences
behavior of the uncontrolled driver
Trials in PDO and Syria successful
Option: Do nothing
we will NOT get any experience
Option: Implement on small scale
get experience
relatively small cost
select high risk operations in direct PDO control
with experience and over time find lower cost options for larger scale
implementation
positive example for contractors
Dec/02
38
Details of PDOs new

Defensive Driving Program
Dec/02
39
Defensive Driving Courses: details

RTA analysis: problem areas
Played role
in acc no:
Young inexperienced drivers

Other road users
Defensive driving
Blacktop instead of graded road
3x
5x
10x
10x
Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior

awareness could have mitigated these incidents
Dec/02
40

OLD PDO Driver Training:
Coast:
Interior:
8 hrs Interior Driver Skills course every 3 years

No medical testing (vision/reactions)
Strong emphasis on graded/off road
Problems:
Dec/02
Only for young drivers (below 25 yrs): 8 hrs defensive driving

Others: None
No medical checks (vision/reactions)
Does not address the changed environment

Too infrequent
Concentrates on skills rather than behaviour/attitude
No/very little competence assurance
41

Driver Competence Assurance Redesign: timing
Dec/02
Data collection phase, options review

Sept/00
Workshop with NSC + Training Institutes Oct/00
Complete new concept + implications
Nov/00
Director endorsement framework
Nov & March
Courses detailed design
Jan-April/01
Stakeholder consultation
11/March/01
Train the trainers
May-June/01
Modify training contracts
April-June/01
Implement new program
1/July/01
12,000 drivers to attend
Jul/01-July/03
42

Defensive Driving Course (DDC) development:
Defensive Driving Modules:
Why NSC?
Dec/02
Base design as per NSC (National Safety Council, International SC)

Heavily emphasise behaviour/attitude change of driver
Teach Defensive Driving techniques
Omanise with major input from OTI/NTI/TATI
Accreditation of training providers by NSC
3 days Train the Trainers and accreditation by NSC
Common standard by all training providers

External accreditation of Local Companies by recognised body
Non-commercial entity: low cost material and updates
Internationally recognised as one of the leaders in Defensive Driving
Since 1963: 45 million people trained
43

Principles Behind New Programme:
Dec/02
Shift emphasis to defensive driving techniques

Incorporate attitude and behavioural aspects
Harness strengths of existing courses and combine with
expertise from international organisation
Ensure courses meet needs of entire target audience
Build in robust and consistent practical assessment
44

AIM OF THE
DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE:
To minimise death, injury and damage resulting from Road Traffic Incidents
Dec/02
45

Basic Starting program:
2 Day DDC
: one off (no renewal)
1/2 Day Graded/Off-Road: one off (no renewal)
Assessment/Refresher program:
Yearly Professional Assessment Drive (1 to 1)

Only for those that have attended the DDC
Failed assessment: go back to DDC
For future review:
Dec/02
Option of Supervisory Assessment:

Refresher for DDC (after 3 yrs ??):
Q1/2002
Q1/2003
46

Driver Competence Assurance Framework
DDC Light Vehicle

Blacktop Roads
DDC Heavy Vehicle

Blacktop Roads
2 days (one off)
2 days (one off)
Bus
1/2 day
(one off)
+
Dec/02
Yearly:
Graded
1/2 day
(one off)
Tanker
1/2 day
(one off)
Professional Assessment Drive

Test on knowledge of PDO-Rules
47

Defensive Driving Course Structure
Day 1 (class room)
Module:
Dec/02
Hearts and Minds

Driver Condition
Common Driving Errors
The Driving Environment
See and Survive
Vehicle Control
The Driving Plan
Vehicle Safety Systems
Day 2 (class/road)
class
Module:
Before You Drive

Demonstration Drive
Seat Belt Convincer
Tutored Driving Practice
Practical Assessment
Driver Commitment (includes
written/oral test)
48
Classroom Instruction
Dec/02
49

Vision testing
Dec/02
50
Vehicle Check
Dec/02
51

Roll-over
simulator
Dec/02
52

Demonstration-drive
by instructor
Tutored drive
Assessment drive
Dec/02
53

Defensive Driving Course Practical Assessment:
Dec/02
In car checks
Observation / scanning / use of mirrors
Hazard awareness
Speed and Distance
Information (given/taken)
Junctions
Stopped in traffic
Positioning
Braking
Gear
Acceleration
Leaves way out
54
Safe Journey
Management
Dec/02
55
Safe Journey Management
Dec/02
What ?
Why ?
When ?
How ?
Who ?
56

What ?
A system for planning, authorising and

closing out journeys
Why ?
To reduce the risk of accidents and enable

emergency response (man lost)
When ?
All journeys except journeys within towns,

within 20km of a work site etc
How?
Safe Journey Manager completes Journey

Plan, gives copy to driver
Driver rings SJM on reaching destination:

Dec/02
57

Who ? Responsibilities:
Authorising
Person
Guarantees the integrity of the Safe

Journey Management system.
The Authorising Person shall be a
Senior or Middle Manager.
Safe Journey
Manager
Planning, monitoring and analysis of the

journey and initiating emergency response
procedures. The SJ Manager shall have
completed the SJM course.
Driver
Responsible for vehicle, passengers

and load and driving according to the
journey plan.
Dec/02
58

Authorises
Journey
Management
System
Reduces the
risks to ALARP
Guarantees
Integrity of JM
System
Assures
competence of JM
and Driver
The Authorizing SJM Person

Dec/02
59

Planning,
monitoring
and analysis
of a journey
Initiates
emergency
procedures
Responsible for
planning return/
onward journey
Remains responsible for
vehicle and driver until
return to home base
Dec/02
The Safe Journey Manager
60

te
u
o
R
ng
i
n
n
Pla
Operations
W
Co ea
nd t he
iti r
on
s
What should a Journey Manager

know about ?
Drivers
Vehicles
ea
r
A
Road
ns
Conditio
Dec/02
Com
mu
nic
at
ion
s
61

The Safe Journey Manager: Skills and attributes
Dec/02
Authority
Competence: must have completed the SJM
course
Familiarity with the Driving Environment
Local Knowledge
Recognition
62
Dec/02
The Safe Journey Plan
63
Night Driving
Dec/02
64
Night Driving
PRINCIPLE:
PDO and Contractor personnel
shall not drive
on graded or blacktop roads, or off road,
outside of the Muscat Capital
or other urban areas during the night.
Dec/02
65
Night Driving
Why not?
The drivers
of these
vehicles all
collided with
camels in
the dark
Dec/02
66
Night Driving
Exceptions to the Rule:
Risk vs cost - night driving can be authorised if:
Production loss: > 150m3 nett oil
Unplanned operational costs: > US$15,000. Journey camp/camp: <5 km
Journey camp/worksite: <5km
Journey camp/worksite on 24 hour ops (Rig, hoist): <15km
Emergencies
Planned Long distance Cargo Haulage using HGVs
Long distance Crew Changes using a heavy bus
Well Services Hoist moves convoy (slow): up to 60km
Dec/02
67
Night Driving
For any night driving a planning effort is always

required in order to reduce the risk to as low as
reasonably practicable (ALARP)
Always apply Safe Journey Management
Dec/02
68
The Vehicle
Dec/02
69
Vehicle Specification
Specification for the vehicle:
Vehicle types:
Light (LV):
max 4000 kg kerb (=MT) & max 8 passengers
Heavy Goods (HGV): >4000 kg kerb
Bus:
Light
= 9-25 passengers
Heavy
= 26 or more passengers
Trailer:
towed by a motor vehicle
NOT a vehicle but PLANT:

Cranes and handling equipment (forklifts)
Earthmoving & construction equipment (graders, bulldozers, etc)
Each vehicle type has specifications for:

Base spec: for blacktop roads
Additional requirements for: graded roads
Additional requirements for: off-road
Dec/02
70
Vehicle Specification
Specification for Light Vehicle (main items):
Base Spec (blacktop):
Seatbelts for all seats (3-Point in front and rear outside seats)
Luggage space separated from passengers
ABS & 2 airbags for new vehicles registered after 1/Sept/2001
First Aid kit
- Fire extinguisher
No bull-bar
- Hazard triangle
Radio/cassette
- Air Conditioning
Add requirements Graded Roads:

Rollover bar
2 high intensity rear lights
- 190 mm ground clearance

- 2nd spare tyre
Add requirements Off-Road:

4WD with limited slip or diff-lock
Dec/02
71
RAS
Dec/02
72
RAS
The NEED for:
Roadworthiness Assurance Standards
Dec/02
73
RAS
Roadworthiness Assurance Standards
Managing: Maintenance & inspection of vehicles
to ensure their roadworthiness.
All vehicles used in PDO Operations shall
comply with RAS.
Contractors & PDO must comply with RAS:
Only use Vehicles (and sub-contract vehicles) which meet PDO
Specifications, Vehicles maintained to RAS standard throughout
the year, and that are RAS stickered annually.
Dec/02
74
RAS
MAIN REQUIREMENTS:
1: RAS Inspection
by RAS Approved companies & inspectors
a) RAS sticker prior to commencing work on Contract
b) annual renewal
Purpose: ensure vehicle complies with PDO standards.

Validity: RAS sticker issued for 12 months
Stickers: 1) Blacktop only 2) Blacktop & Graded
Currently 29 RAS Inspection stations
2: Monthly Safety Check

by owner in his workshops or by dealer
Purpose: maintain vehicles to RAS compliant standards throughout
year; between annual RAS inspections.
Concern: Are these being done? AUDIT!
Dec/02
75
RAS
MAIN REQUIREMENTS:
3: Daily Checks
by the driver, against a written/pictorial list
Purpose: spot and report defects for corrective action.
Concern: Are these being carried out?
4: RANDOM CHECKS
by Road Safety Monitoring Teams (RSMT)
at roadside or workshop
random compliance check against PDO vehicle and RAS
maintenance standards.
Dec/02
76
RAS
RESPONSIBILITIES:
RAS Approved Inspection Companies:

CSM/1 responsible for their competence and work quality.
Checked at least annually; more frequently if quality problems arise;
suspension.
Contractor Vehicle Standards:

CHs to act on RSMT defect reports.
Ensure defects are rectified/closed out .
Dec/02
Audit/Review performance with contractor.

CHs to audit Drivers Daily Checks
CHs to audit Monthly Safety Checks
Audit compliance with the Standards requirements.
77
RAS
TOOLS to Assist Contract Holder:
Dec/02
RSMT Reports: Category A, B, C, D, contractor

specific, illustrates level of compliance with RAS
RSMT with CH/CSR do vehicle maintenance systems
audits/inspections at contractor vehicle workshops.
Schedule through CSM/51.
RSMT issues audit/inspection report with advice on
correcting deficiencies.
Full RAS details: TSM - Equipment Section (soon
replaced by SP-2000).
Full RSMT reports: Drive to Survive web on SWW &
WWW
78
RAS: It is on the web
Dec/02
Where to find RAS Information on the web
79

List of approved contractors who are authorised to declare vehicles are roadworthy in accordance to Transport Standard Manual (TSM)
ROADWORTHINESS ASSURANCE STANDARDS
Rev: 26 November 2001
Dec/02
No Company Name
Workshop
Location
Light
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Al Turki Ent.
Al Turki Ent.
Arabian Engineering Services
Bahwan Engineering Company BEC
Veritas Geophysical Services
Galfar Engineering & Contracting
Halliburton Worldwide
MB Petroleum Services
MB Petroleum Services
Muscat (Ghala)
Nimr
Fahud
Lekhwair
Muscat (Ghala)
Q. Alam
Muscat (Ghala)
Interior Mobile
Marmul
Muscat (Ghala)
Yibal
Fahud
Bahja
Nimr
L
L
L
L
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Mohsin Haider Darwish

Oasis Trading & Equipment Co.
Ofsat LLC
Oman Trading Establishment (OTE)
Oman Trading Establishment (OTE)
SATA LLC
Schlumberger Overseas
Suhail & Saud Bahwan (SSB)
Truckoman
Truckoman
Western Geco
Zubair Automotive
Muscat (Azaiba)
Muscat (Ghala)
Fahud
Fahud
Muscat (Ghala)
Muscat (Ghala)
Fahud
Marmul at Nimr Road
Marmul inside PDO
Mawalei
Muscat (Watayah)
Muscat (Qurm)
Nimr
Interior Mobile
Muscat (Azaiba)
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
Heavy Eqpmt Own/Other Expires
H
H
E
E
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
H
H
H
H
H
E
E
E
Address
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
P. O. Box 2803, Ruwi - 112

P. O. Box 2803, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3000, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 703, Ruwi - 112
P.O.Box 100, P.C 116
P. O. Box 533, Muscat - 113
P. O. Box 81, Mina Al Fahal - 116
P. O. Box 695, Muttrah - 111
P. O. Box 695, Muttrah - 111
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own
Own+Other
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
31-Dec-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
P. O. Box 880, Ruwi - 112

P. O. Box 2, Jibroo - 114
P. O. Box 138, Seeb Airport - 111
P.O.Box 175, P.C.117
P.O.Box 175, P.C.117
P. O. Box 25 , Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 14, Mina Al-Fahal - 116
P. O. Box 800, CPO Muscat - 111
List of RAS authorized inspection companies
80

RAS
Drivers
Daily
Vehicle
Checklist
Dec/02
81
RSMT
Road Safety Monitoring Team

Dec/02
82
ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

The need for the RSMT
Dec/02
83

Three RSM Teams:
Based in: Nimr, Qarn Alam, Fahud.
One team rotates to MAF/RAH-Coast as required.
Team members have a mechanical/workshop
supervisors background.
Dec/02
Contract Holder: CSM/51
84

RSMT Scope of Work/Tasks & Targets:
Random vehicle & driver checks/coaching at roadside and

workshops (600 to 700 per month).
Follow up on defect close outs noted from above
Vehicle Workshop/Maintenance System audits (with CH/CSR)
Technical RTA investigation assistance when requested
Safety Campaigns: Road Safety Presentations
Facilitating Drivers Forums
Pre-mobilisation vehicle inspections on request of CH
RAS Approved Contractor audits for CSM/1
RSMT: Counsel and Advise

Dec/02
85

RSMT REPORTING:
Data from checklists is processed

& categorised by:
Contractor,
Asset/Area
Fault category
Reported weekly, monthly, quarterly

Monthly reports to Contract Holder
All reports available published on RSMT pages
on the Drive to Survive website (SWW & WWW)
Dec/02
86

Non-Compliance Categories on RSMT reports:
A: Serious mechanical defects that impact
safe operation of the vehicle
Immediate rectification required
B: Vehicle specifications or less serious faults.

Three days to comply
C: Driver Dangerous Driving

Counselling, reporting
D: Non Compliance with PDO Procedures

no RAS sticker, driver permit, Water Health Certificate, SJM.
Reported same day to PDO CH or CSR
Dec/02
87

Purpose of RSMT reports:
TOOL to Assist Contract Holder in identifying:
CH Must FOLLOW UP with CONTRACTORS
Dec/02
Poor Contractor vehicle maintenance standards,

Driver (mis)-behaviour,
Non adherence to Road Safety Procedures.
Improve performance
Set pro-active targets:
eg. To reduce % of A & B defects in 2002,
88
RSMT: It is on the web

RSMT: VEHICLE SPOT CHECK LIST
DATE / LOCATION :
RSMT INSPECTOR :
RSMT Checklist
used during
road-side
inspections
REG NO :
VEHICLE MAKE :
RANDOM CHECK
Y / N
FLEET NO. :
MODEL:
VEHICLE TYPE ( CIRCLE )

LIGHT/GOODS(WITH CRANE MOUNTED),TANKER
BUS/TRAILER/MOBILE CRANE/FORKLIFT/GRADER/OTHER
TRAILER DETAILS (WHERE APPLICABLE)
REG NO. :
RAS INSPECTION DATE :
FLEET NO :
RAS INSPECTED BY :
NO :
OWNER :
CONTRACTOR :
CONTRACT HOLDER :
CONTRACT NUMBER :
RAS INSPECTION DATE :
RAS INSPECTED BY :
DRIVER NAME :
PDO PERMIT NUMBER :
REMARKS :
BLOCK - A (VEHICLE NOT TO BE USED UNTIL PROBLEM/S RECTIFIED)

NO
DESCRIPTION
STATUS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SEAT BELTS
ROLLOVER CAGE
TYRES CONDITION
SPEED LIMITER
CRANES & MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT WITH INSPECTION OVERDUE
STEERING DEFECTS
TRANSMISSION DEFECTS
SUSPENSION
FUEL SYSTEM
BRAKING SYSTEM
OTHER SERIOUS DEFECTS
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
HIGH INTENSITY REAR LIGHTS

HEAD / REAR & BRAKE LIGHTS
GENERAL VEHICLE CONTENTS
SPARE WHEELS
WINDSCREEN, MIRRORS, SEATS
FIRST AID BOX
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
RADIO / CASSETTE
AIR CONDITIONER
HAZARD WARNING TRIANGLE
ELECTRICS
23
DANGEROUS DRIVING
DEFECTS FOUND
BLOCK - B ( TO BE RECTIFIED IN 3 DAYS )
BLOCK - C ( FOR ANY NON-COMPLIANCE, THE DRIVER TO BE COUNSELLED)

BLOCK - D ( PROCEDURAL NON COMPLIANCES,REPORTED IMMEDIATELY TO CONTRACT
HOLDER)
24
Dec/02
HEALTH CERT.(WATER) SHOC CARD (CHEMICALS)
25
JOURNEY MANAGEMENT
26
COMPANY DRIVING PERMIT
27
RAS INSPECTION STICKER
VEHICLE SPOT CHECK CLOSE OUT FORM : Please return to the RSMT (OTI Mailbox)
89
RSMT: It is on the web
Dec/02
Where to find RSMT Information on the web
90
The Rules:
Know, Understand and Follow them
Dec/02
91
Why this session ???

Colleagues have been hurt and killed because they did NOT
follow the simple ROP & PDO driving rules.
We do not want this to happen to YOU.
We want you to:
Know
Understand
Follow
the ROP & PDO road safety rules.
We want you to go home to your family safely.
Dec/02
92
The Rules for the Driver

The driver must:
check that all wear their seatbelt

have valid ROP Driving License (for vehicle type)
have a valid PDO Driving Permit (blacktop/graded)
be 21 years or older
NO alcohol, drugs or medicine
NEVER use a GSM (NOT even hands-off GSM)
be rested: max driving hours
LV: 2hrs/15min rest Max in 12 hr shift: 10 hrs driving
HGV: 4hrs/1hr
rest Max in 12 hr shift: 10 hrs driving
be certified medically fit every 2 yrs
Dec/02
93

Driver tired ???
Rest !!!
This driver fell asleep. He was lucky he survived!

Dec/02
94
Dec/02
Driver: NEVER use a GSM

NOT even hands-off GSM
95
The Rules for the Passenger

Rules for the passenger:
Dec/02
DO wear your seatbelt

DO NOT distract the driver
DO STOP the driver if he takes risk or violates rules
DO help the driver: point out a hazard
DO act like a buddy
96
The Rules for Driving

Rules for the journey/driving:
Dec/02
Follow ROP traffic rules

All to wear seatbelts
SPEED: Comply with max Speed limits as indicated.
Safe Journey Management (SJM) for trips over 20 km
Comply with No-Night Driving Rules
Follow the dust code
No loose passengers in cargo area
No cargo in passenger area
97
Rules for Driving: dust code
Dec/02
98
Rules for Driving: seatbelt
Dec/02
99
Rules for Driving: speed-limits

Vehicle
Type
Maximum Speed
Limit (km/hr)
Light
80 Graded
100 PDO BT
120 Gov BT
80 Graded
80 PDO BT
100 Gov BT
80 Graded
100 PDO BT
120 Gov BT
80 Graded
100 PDO BT
100 Gov BT
HGV
L Bus
H Bus
Dec/02
These
maximum
speed-limits
apply only
when there are
no signs
specifying a
lower limit!
100
Rules for Driving:

What ?
planning, authorising & closing journeys
Why ?
reduce accidents
emergency response (man lost)
When ?
All journeys
except: within 20km range or in towns
How?
Journey Manager makes Journey Plan

Driver gets copy and follows plan
Driver rings SJM on reaching destination:

Dec/02
101
Rules for Driving:
Dec/02
The Safe Journey Plan
102
The rules: Night Driving
PDO and Contractors

shall not drive at night
outside of the Muscat Capital
or other urban areas
Applies to : blacktop & graded
Dec/02
103
Why not?
These drivers
hit a
Camel
in the dark
Dec/02
104

Camels and
obstacles:
you will not
see them in
time!
They can end
your life.
Dec/02
Do not drive at
night !!
105

There can be exceptions to the Rule
but
these MUST always be
Authorised
by the responsible supervisor

He knows the exceptions!
Dec/02
106
The rules for the vehicle: RAS

Vehicle
Maintenance Checks
1: Yearly RAS Inspection
valid RAS sticker
2: Monthly Safety Check
in workshop
3: Daily Checks by DRIVER
4: Road side checks by RSMT
Dec/02
107
The rules for the vehicle
Drivers
Daily
Vehicle
Check
Use it !!!
Dec/02
108
The Rules: Summary

Know & Follow the Rules:
Seat-belts: always
NO Night Driving
Speed
Tired ?? Rest !!
Daily Vehicle Inspections
Dust Code
The choice is yours: Drive to Survive
Dec/02
109
Rollovers
Dec/02
110
ROLLOVERS
AGAIN ?
Yes: 10 in 1 month!
Dec/02
111
Rollovers: again
Here they are:

21/Oct
26/Oct
30/Oct
9/Nov
16/Nov
18/Nov
19/Nov
20/Nov
23/Nov
24/Nov
LTI
FAC
LTI/Ptd
LTI
LTI
FAC
FAC
Dead
No inj.
FAC
Graded
Graded
Blacktop
Blacktop
Graded
Blacktop
Graded
Blacktop
Graded
Graded
Mitsubishi
Toyota Hilux
Toyota Prado
Mitsubishi
Toyota Hilux
Toyota Hilux
Toyota Prado
Toyota Prado
Isuzu
Isuzu
4WD DC-PU
4WD DC-PU
4WD
4WD DC-PU
4WD DC-PU
4WD DC-PU
4WD
4WD
4WD DC-PU
4WD DC-PU
DC-PU: Double Cab Pick-Up
Dec/02
112
Rollovers: again
Straight Graded road Bahja
!
!
r
e
v
o
l
Ro l
Classic S-pattern: veered to the right, pulled left (overcorrecting) and

then pulled right again and rolled.
16/Nov LTI
Dec/02
113
Rollovers: again
Common features of these rollovers:
Speed (80 km/hr can be too fast !!)

All are 4 WD high Centre of Gravity cars
8 on straight roads
8 classic S curves:
Dec/02
driver loses concentration and veers slowly left or right

wrong steering reaction: pulls hard left/right
wrong braking reaction: brakes whilst steering
4 on blacktop roads at high speed

1 tyre blow-out, 1 junction/speed
114
Rollovers: again
4WD are great cars:
They are strong (we think)
They can go anywhere (almost)
You (almost) never get stuck
You sit high (good view)
They are powerful & feel good (macho?)
They are comfortable
They can carry a lot of load and people
BUT.
Dec/02
115
Rollovers: again
But 4WD:
Dec/02
Have a very high CoG: this means that they are more
sensitive to rollovers.
They do not brake that well: they are very heavy.
They do not steer and corner that well: they are heavy and
high.
They give a false sense of security: driver feels
invulnerable at any speed.
They are powerful and can go very fast: much too fast for
their handling ability.
116
Rollovers & Centre of Gravity
Low CoG
High CoG
Would you drive these cars in the same manner when

taking a corner or bend ??? Of course NOT !!!
4WD High CoG car: adjust your driving & speed.
Dec/02
117
Rollovers: again
When driving a 4WD:
Adjust your driving style. Combination of:

Speed
Steering: no sudden changes of direction
Braking: start braking earlier, keep more distance
Dec/02
Keep heavy loads as low as possible: NOT on the roof!

High loads make the car more unstable.
Keep loads balanced to the centre/middle.
Passengers are also load: they change the stability of
the car.
118
Rollovers: again
The classic S curve rollover:

Mistake 1: lost concentration
car moves slowly
to the right (or left)
Mistake 2: pull hard left

could roll here already
Roll?
Mistake 3: pull hard right

Roll!!
Dec/02
Mistake 4: braking & turning

at the same time
119
Rollovers: again
The classic S curve rollover:
How to avoid it !!!
Mistake:
lost concentration
car moves slowly
to the right (or left)
Good re-action:
Roll-out into the desert.
Do NOT pull your steering
Brake slowly to full STOP.
Do NOT panic.
Dec/02
wheel. Hold it tight and
straight with 2 hands.
120
Rollovers: again
How to protect yourself against rollover?
Use a 2-WD instead of a 4-WD if possible.

If you drive a 4-WD: adjust your driving.
Never make violent adjustments in
your steering & your braking,
you must avoid an uncontrolled skid.
Make sure a 4-WD has a roll-bar !!!!!
Wear your seat belts !!!!!
Your BELT can Save your LIFE

Dec/02
121
Traffic Law:
Reckless Driving Penalties
Dec/02
122
Traffic Law: Reckless Driving Penalties
Defensive Driving
Do you ??
Why would you ??
What is in it for you ??
Dec/02
123
Good Reasons for Defensive Driving:

- You will not hurt yourself
- You will not hurt others
- You will see your family again
- You will arrive in time
- You will not cause suffering
- You will reduce your stress levels
and
- You will NOT go to jail !!!!

See the next slides and be warned !!!!
Dec/02
124
Royal Decree No 91/2001

Change to Article 50
Traffic Law (28/93)
as of 1-Nov-2001
Dec/02
125
Dec/02
126
Penalty to driver:
Minimum: 1 year jail

Maximum: 5 year jail
Will apply when accident leads to:
Dec/02
Death
Major injury (>10 days off work)
Major damage
127
Penalty applicable when accident was

caused by driving:
Dec/02
in a rash manner without due care/diligence

under influence: alcohol, drugs
overtaking in dangerous place
overtaking where it is banned
constitutes danger
puts lives or property at risk
128
So now we have some other

reasons to drive defensively:
Dec/02
If you do not you could end up in jail for 15 years

Jail is very uncomfortable
What would it do to your family ?
129
Load Restraint
Dec/02
130
SAFELY SECURE LOADS

A REMINDER
For drivers & their supervisors
October 2002
Dec/02
131
24/May/2002
Did you learn from this fatality?

Dec/02
132
No you did not !!

There are still badly secured loads traveling on our roads today !!!
See the next few slides .
Dec/02
133
Load Restraint
Dec/02
This is a 45 ton bulldozer that fell off a low

bed trailer because...
134
Load Restraint
Should have used:

- 4 chains
- wood deck low-bed
Driver should have:
- travelled at speed safe
for load and road
conditions
Dec/02
Only two chains were used:

not enough for a 45 ton dozer!
Steel tracks on steel low-bed: low

friction factor!
Poor supervision:
wrongly approved the loading
(staff not properly trained)
Driver:
- too fast round a sharp bend
- braked harshly
135
Load Restraint
ANOTHER EXAMPLE :
Single chain
Rock-breaker loose on
the deck
a 28 ton backhoe retained with just ONE chain

the rock-breaker is totally unrestrained
Both would fall off in sharp or sudden turn:
and could easily kill someone......
Dec/02
136
Load Restraint
Can you believe this??
Wrong:
high bed trailer
Dec/02
headboard split & broken: no protection to driver

(would be crushed if load moved forward)
chains slack and wrongly positioned
137
Load Restraint
Very slack chains
No chocks
Incorrect chain angles
Dec/02
Trailer bed is too narrow

Tyres overhang trailer:
an unstable load !
138
Load Restraint
It is not only large loads that
are not being secured
correctly !!
It also applies to small
items.
This truck is loaded with oil

drums: 2 drums stand loose!
These can easily fall over,
roll around, get damaged and
leak.
Dec/02
139
Load Restraint
Here is a tall wooden
crate restrained by a
web lashing which had
broken and was knotted
in two places
Do not use lashings with knots: they are NOT strong.

strong
Throw them away! Destroy them! Do NOT use them!
Dec/02
140
Load Restraint
Another totally unsecured load:
six pallets of flexible water pipe with
no lashings or any other load
restraint used
a length of rope had been placed
across the top of the pallets,
probably for decoration!
web lashing belts should have been
used
they were lucky this load did not fall
off
Dec/02
141
Load Restraint
NOTE to Managers/Supervisors:
This presentation is a REMINDER of the importance of load safety and

good load securing. Prevent further accidents due to poor load securing.
Follow the guidelines on the PDO-DtS web:
http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/loads.htm
User Name: pdohse01
Password: contractor01
A detailed specification (SP-2001) is being written and will be issued by

end 2002.
In the meantime: follow the British Department of Transport Load

Securing Code of Practice which is available on the same website.
Another excellent Australian load securing guide with more pictures and
diagrams is also available on the same website.
For further information: CSM/15 tel: 67-7956
Dec/02
142
Stop the killing on our roads:

Actions Required at a National Level
Dec/02
143
Who are the players that can/must act:

Gover nment
Private sector
Media: press, radio, TV
Drivers
Citizens
Parents
Schools/Teachers
All play a role:
co-ordinated by the Nat Road Safety Committee/Plan144
Dec/02
5
Road Fatalities Holland: 1946-99

This is achieved Road Fatalities x 1000
by rigorous
development &
implementation
of a
National Road
Safety Plan
Dec/02
145

The National
Road Safety
Committee in
Oman:
development &
implementation
of the
National Road
Safety Plan
Dec/02
146

Typical Nat Road Safety Plan:
Dec/02
Safer speeds
Safer drivers:
training and testing
general road behaviour
fatigue
Safer passengers
Safer pedestrians
Safer infrastructure
Safer vehicles
Safer rescue and post crash care
Safer systems
Education
Enforcement
Engineering
Encouragement
+
Evaluation/adjust
147

Gover nment: Nat Road
Committee
Safety
Defence
ROP
Town planning
Health
Environment
Municipalities
Housing
Education
Religious affairs
Finance
Chamber of commerce
Transport
MOG
Economy
Information
Dec/02
5
148

Private sector:
Vehicle manufacturers/importers: Toyota, a.o.
Insurance companies
Oil companies: PDO, a.o.
Al-Maha / Shell / BP
ONTC
Transport companies
Galfar, Desert Line, a.o.
Retailers/marketers/restaurants/advertisers
Dec/02
149

Media: press, radio, TV
Radio Oman
Oman TV
Arabic newspapers: Al Shabiha, Oman, Watan
English newspapers: Observer, Times of Oman
Magazines
Dec/02
150

Drivers:
you, me, us, them
Citizens: you, me, us, them
Parents: you, me, us, them
Schools/Teachers
Play acts
Religious bodies
Women associations
etc, etc
Dec/02
151

Conclusion:
Many actions
(not a single golden bullet)
Many players/sectors (no one can do it alone)
Strong co-ordination required: NRSC
NRSC supported by RS secretariat/specialists
&
Dec/02
YOU can and MUST play a role:

as an institution and as a person
152
For further information on PDOs

Road Safety Programs contact:
Tony van Thiel, (968) 67-8759, CSM/1, tony.agm.vanthiel@pdo.co.om
John Graham, (968) 67-8759, CSM/15, john.r.graham@pdo.co.om
Or see our WWW site at:

http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/
Username: pdohse01
Password: contrator01
Dec/02
153
End
Dec/02
154

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PDO - Roady Safety Managing

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How does

Petroleum Development Oman

How does PDO manage Road Safety: an overview

Contents/topics of this presentation:

Introduction slides: statistics and RTAs

Road transport in the world

Road transport is the backbone of

Road transport in the world

Road transport was the number 9 killer

2500 die on the road every day

Oman: 614 fatalities in 1998, 499 in 2001

PDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance

Road Traffic Accidents per Million Km driven

PDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance

Road Safety: 40% of the LTIs (Lost Time Injury)

Private car: 2 Dead (5/Mar/2001)

They died in a high speed rollover on their way back to

20/Nov/2001: Fatality + LTI

Rules not followed:

Private car: 1 Dead (13/Feb/02)

RTA Fatality 3-Apr-2002

JM plan NOT followed

RTA Fatality 24-May-2002

Stop the killing on our roads

Stop the killing on our roads

There is no magic bullet in the

A road safety program must be:

Oman & PDO: Changing driving environment:

Oman: more vehicles, more drivers, more roads, more dead

PDOs infrastructure is changing

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

The roads and the environment

The transport operation

The vehicle load/passengers

What follows is an overview of activities PDO currently

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Accidents are caused by threats created by:

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Threats: The driver

Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Controls: The driver

Defensive Driving Courses: Driver competency assurance

Hearts+Minds Road Safety Road Show : 99 & 2001

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Threats: The other road users

Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)

Driver lack of competence

Animals (camels, goats, donkeys)

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Controls: The other road users

Yearly GCC Road Safety Week Campaign organised by

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Threats: The roads + environment

Obstruction (permanent/mobile: stones, equipment)

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Controls: The roads + environment

No Night Driving policy

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls