Second Round of Presentation

ADVERBS
CONTENT:
WHAT ARE ADVERBS?
ADVERBS VS. ADJECTIVES
KINDS OF ADVERBS (PLUS RELATIVE ADVERBS)
RULES IN ADVERBS
ORDER AND POSITIONS OF ADVERBS (VIEWPOINT, FOCUS AND NEGATIVE)
COMPARATIVE FORMS
NOUNS AND ADVERBS

ADVERBS
Remember that an adverb modifies a verb, an adjective and another adverb. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun.
 
Examples:
Adverb: He walked straight down the path.
 
Adjective: The path was straight.
 
They both have different forms but most of the time, adverbs are formed by adding –ly at the ending.

ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES

Adjectives ending in –ly are few like:
Her daily allowance is a hundred yen.
ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES
Exercise D: Distinguishing Adverbs from adjectives.
On the space provided, write AV if the underlined word is an ADVERB or AJ if it is an ADJECTIVE.
 
Example: AJ 11. His room is very neat.
 
___1. The mounted moose head looked real.
___2. I really believed the weather forecast.
___3. Bertram walks to the office daily.
___4. Our office runs ads in the daily newspaper.
___5. Matilda spoke darkly of her husband’s past.
___6. No light filtered in the dark cell.
___7. Immigrants worked hard to build the railroads.
___8. Sandstone is not a hard rock.
___9. Zack is an early riser.
___10. Mildred starts the day early and ends late.

EXERCISE
FOR ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES
CONTENT:
WHAT ARE ADVERBS?
ADVERBS VS. ADJECTIVES
KINDS OF ADVERBS (PLUS RELATIVE ADVERBS)
RULES IN ADVERBS
ORDER AND POSITIONS OF ADVERBS (VIEWPOINT, FOCUS AND NEGATIVE)
COMPARATIVE FORMS
NOUNS AND ADVERBS

ADVERBS
Slowly by James Reeves
Slowly the tide creeps up the sand,
Slowly the shadows cross the land.
Slowly the cart-horse pulls his mile,
Slowly the old man mounts his stile.
 
Slowly the hands move round the clock,
Slowly the dew dries on the dock.
Slow is the snail – but slowest of all
The green moss spreads on the old brick wall.
With the given poem, there is a distinguishing factor between adjectives and adverbs which can be seen by the formulation of the words. Adverbs are usually ending with –ly and modifies verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES

•Adverbs of manner
•Adverbs of place
•Adverbs of time
•Adverbs of certainty
•Adverbs of degree
•Interrogative adverbs
•Relative adverbs

KINDS OF ADVERBS
ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object.
Examples:
He swims well, (after the main verb)
He ran... rapidly, slowly, quickly..
She spoke... softly, loudly, aggressively..
James coughed loudly to attract her attention.
He plays the flute beautifully. (after the object)
He ate the chocolate cake greedily.

ADVERBS OF MANNER
ADVERBS OF PLACE
Adverbs of place tell us where something happens.
They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object:
Example:
after the main verb:
I looked everywhere
John looked away, up, down, around...
I'm going home, out, back
Come in
after the object:
They built a house nearby
She took the child outside

ADVERBS OF PLACE
Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened, but also for how long, and how often.
Examples:
When: today, yesterday, later, now, last year
For how long: all day, not long, for a while, since last year
How often: sometimes, frequently, never, often, yearly
"When" adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence:
Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday.
I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.
This is a "neutral" position, but some "when" adverbs can be put in other positions to give a different emphasis
Compare:
Later Goldilocks ate some porridge. (the time is more important)
Goldilocks later ate some porridge. (this is more formal, like a policeman's report)
Goldilocks ate some porridge later. (this is neutral, no particular emphasis)

ADVERBS OF TIME
These adverbs express how certain or sure we feel about an action or event.
Common adverbs of certainty:
certainly, definitely, probably, undoubtedly, surely
Adverbs of certainty go before the main verb but after the verb 'to be':
He definitely left the house this morning.
He is probably in the park.
With other auxiliary verb, these adverbs go between the auxiliary and the main verb:
He has certainly forgotten the meeting.
He will probably remember tomorrow.
Sometimes these adverbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence:
Undoubtedly, Winston Churchill was a great politician.

ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY
Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity or degree of an action, an adjective or another adverb.
Common adverbs of degree:
Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely.
Adverbs of degree are usually placed:
before the adjective or adverb they are modifying:
e.g. The water was extremely cold.
before the main verb:
e.g. He was just leaving. She has almost finished.
Examples:
She doesn't quite know what she'll do after university.
They are completely exhausted from the trip.
I am too tired to go out tonight.
He hardly noticed what she was saying.

ADVERBS OF DEGREE
These are:
why, where, how, when
They are usually placed at the beginning of a question.
 
Examples:
Why are you so late?
Where is my passport?
How are you?
How much is that coat?
When does the train arrive?
Notice that how can be used in four different ways:

INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS
1. meaning 'in what way?':
How did you make this sauce?
How do you start the car?
2. with adjectives:
How tall are you?
How old is your house?
3. with much and many:
How much are these tomatoes?
How many people are coming to the party?
4. with other adverbs:
How quickly can you read this?
How often do you go to London?

INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS
Adjectival clauses are sometimes introduced by what are called the relative adverbs: where, when, and why. Although the entire clause is adjectival and will modify a noun, the relative word
itself fulfills an adverbial function (modifying a verb within its own clause).
The relative adverb where will begin a clause that modifies a noun of place:
My entire family now worships in the church where my great grandfather used to be minister.
The relative pronoun "where" modifies the verb "used to be" (which makes it adverbial), but the entire clause ("where my great grandfather used to be minister") modifies the word "church."
A when clause will modify nouns of time:
My favorite month is always February, when we celebrate Valentine's Day and Presidents' Day.
And a why clause will modify the noun reason:
Do you know the reason why Isabel isn't in class today?
We sometimes leave out the relative adverb in such clauses, and many writers prefer "that" to "why" in a clause referring to "reason":

RELATIVE ADVERBS
Get a sheet of paper…

DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS

CONTENT:
WHAT ARE ADVERBS?
ADVERBS VS. ADJECTIVES
KINDS OF ADVERBS (PLUS RELATIVE ADVERBS)
RULES IN ADVERBS
ORDER AND POSITIONS OF ADVERBS (VIEWPOINT, FOCUS AND NEGATIVE)
COMPARATIVE FORMS
NOUNS AND ADVERBS

ADVERBS
QUIZ ON ADVERBS