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    Pearson Cns

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    Mohammed Mohammed Eldeib
    Emergent properties of the nervous system

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    Pearson Cns

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Mohammed Eldeib
    327 views19 pages
    Emergent properties of the nervous system

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    Emergent properties of the nervous system

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    327 views19 pages

    Pearson Cns

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Mohammed Eldeib
    Emergent properties of the nervous system

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    The document discusses the evolution, anatomy, and development of the central nervous system.

    The main divisions of the brain are the cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. The cerebrum controls cognition, the diencephalon regulates hormones and consciousness, the midbrain controls eye movements, the cerebellum coordinates movement, the pons relays signals and controls breathing, and the medulla regulates involuntary functions like blood pressure and vomiting.

    The nervous system develops from the neural plate which forms the neural tube. The anterior portion forms the brain while the posterior forms the spinal cord. The neural tube then specializes into the six major regions.

    THIRD EDITION

    HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
    AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
    Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D.

    Chapter 9, part A
    The Central Nervous System

    PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by


    Dr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    About this Chapter

    Emergent properties of the nervous system


    Anatomy and functions of the CNS
    Divisions of the brain and what each controls
    Integration of complex pathways for behavior
    Language, memory and others

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Evolution of the Nervous System


    Nerve net jellyfish
    Simple brain & nerve cord flatworm
    Brain & nerve cord with ganglia earthworm
    Increasing forebrain fish, bird & human
    Olfactory fish
    Complex behavior birds
    Reasoning & cognition humans

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Evolution of the Nervous System

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 9-1: Evolution of the nervous system

    Embryonic Development of Nervous System


    Neural plate to neural
    tube
    Neural crestPNS
    Anterior forms brain
    Forebrain
    Midbrain
    Hindbrain
    Hollow ventricles
    Spinal cord
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 9-2: The embryonic nervous system develops into a hollow tube

    Embryonic Development of Nervous System

    Figure 9-3 a-c: The neural tube specializes into the six major regions of the nervous system.
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Central Nervous System: Overview

    Brain
    Spinal cord

    Figure 9-4a: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Central Nervous System


    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Protecting the Brain


    Hair, skin, cranium
    Venous sinus blood
    Meninges
    Drua mater
    Arachnoid
    membrane
    Pia mater
    Cerebrospinal fluid
    Figure 9-4b, c: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Central Nervous System
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Cerebrospinal Fluid

    From coracoid plexus


    Fills ventricles & subarachnoid
    Fluid pillow floats brain
    Exchange transport
    From blood
    To brain tissue

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Cerebrospinal Fluid

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 9-5: ANATOMY SUMMARY: Cerebrospinal Fluid

    Blood Brain Barrier

    Extensive capillaries & sinuses


    Tight junctions: limit permeability
    Astrocyte foot processes: secrete paracrines
    Protects brain: hormones & circulating chemicals
    Many glucose transporters

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 9-6: The blood-brain barrier

    Spinal Cord Regions

    Cervical
    Thoracic
    Lumbar
    Sacral

    Figure 9-4a: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Central Nervous System


    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Spinal Cord Organization


    Gray matter: mostly cell bodies
    Dendrites & terminals
    Spinal reflex integrating center
    White matter
    Bundles of myelinated axons
    Ascending tracts sensory
    Descending tracts motor
    Dorsal roots
    Ventral roots
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Spinal Cord Organization

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 9-7: Specialization in the spinal cord

    Brain Overview
    Trillion interneurons fill the brain
    Up to 200,000 synapses each
    Brain divisions
    Cerebrum
    Diencephalons
    Midbrain
    Cerebellum
    Pons
    Medulla oblongata
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Brain Overview

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 9-9b, c: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Brain

    Brain Stem Overview: Midbrain, Pons & Medulla


    Many cranial nerves enter
    Pyramids nerve tracts crossover
    Midbrain eye movement control
    Pons breathing, signal relay
    Medulla involuntary functions
    Examples: Blood pressure, vomiting
    Reticular formation:
    Network in brain stem
    Arousal, sleep, pain, & muscle tone
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Brain Stem Overview: Midbrain, Pons & Medulla

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 9-9d: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Brain

    Cranial Nerves

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Table 9-1: The Cranial Nerves

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