Prof. A.M.Galagali
Prof. A.M.Galagali
Prof. A.M.Galagali
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Materials
2.1. Fly ash
2.2 Silica fume
5.0 Conclusion
6.0 References
INTRODUCTION
Fly Ash
&
Silica Fume
FLYASH (PULVERIZED-FUEL ASH)
Fly ash is a by-product of burning pulverized coal to generate electric power.
Fly ash has very high fineness with Specific Surface of between 250 to 600m 2/kg.
One is Class F fly ash which is obtained from the burning of bituminous coal, usually has less than
5% CaO
Second is Class C fly ash which is obtained from burning of lignite. It may have CaO content is
excess of 10%.
SILICA FUME (Microsilica)
The particles of silica fume are extremely fine, most of them having
a diameter ranging between 0.03 and 0.3 m.
Such fine material as silica fume has a very low bulk density: 200
to 300kg/m3.
EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON CONCRETE
INFLUENCE OF FLY ASH ON PROPERTIES OF FRESH
CONCRETE
Concrete Workability:
Use of fly ash increases the absolute volume of cementitious
materials (cement plus fly ash) compared to non-fly-ash concrete;
therefore, the paste volume is increased, leading to a reduction in
aggregate particle interference and enhancement in concrete
workability.
Water demand:
For a constant workability, the reduction in the water demand of
concrete due to fly ash is usually between 5 and 15 percent by
comparison with a Portland –cement –only mix having the same
cementations material content; the reduction is larger at higher
water/cement ratio.
Bleeding:
A concrete mix containing fly ash is cohesive and has reduced bleeding
capacity. The mix can be suitable for pumping and for slip forming; finishing
operations of fly ash concrete and made easier.
Concrete with relatively high fly ash content will require less water than non-
fly-ash concrete of equal slump
Time of Setting:
All Class F and most Class C fly ashes increase the time of setting of concrete.
Packing:
Extent of packing depends both on the fly ash and cement used. Better
packing is achieved with coarser Portland cement with finer fly ash.
Due to packing there will reduction in the entrapped air in concrete and
volume of large capillary pores also reduces.
Density of concrete:
Density of concrete is increase which is beneficial with respect to
strength, resistance to crack and stiffness.
Compressive Strength:
Due to continued pozzonic reactivity concrete develops greater
strength at later age, which may exceed that of concrete without
fly ash.
Permeability of concrete:
The pozzonic reaction also contributes to making the texture of
concrete dense, resulting in decrease of water permeability and
gas permeability.
DURABILITY ASPECTS
Sulfate attack:
Alumina and lime in the fly ash may contribute to the sulfate
reactions. A high silica/alumina ratio probably reduces the
vulnerability to sulfate attack but no reliable generalization
is possible.
Freeze-thawing:
Fly ash has not adverse effect on the resistance to freezing
and thawing of air entrained concrete.
Carbon:
It has been found that high-carbon-content fly ash reduces
the effectiveness of admixtures such as air-entraining agents
Alkali-silica Reaction:
The alkalies released by the cement preferentially combine with
the reactive silica in the fly ash rather than in the aggregate.
Chloride:
Due to reduced permeability of mature concrete containing fly ash
the chloride ingress into such concrete is reduced.
EFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON CONCRETE
INFLUENCE OF SILICA FUME ON PROPERTIES OF RESH
CONCRETE
Early Strength
The early strength development is probably through improvement
in packing that is action as a filler and improvement of the
interface zone with aggregate.
High Strength Concrete:
Silica Fume has been successfully used to produce very high-
strength, low-permeability, and chemically resistant concrete.
Addition of Silica Fume by itself, with other factors being constant,
increases the concrete strength.
Modulus of Elasticity:
The modulus of elasticity of concrete containing silica fume is
somewhat higher than is the case with Portland cement only
concretes of similar strength it has been reported that concrete
containing silica fume is more brittle.
Modulus of Rupture:
The modulus of rupture of Silica Fume concrete is usually either
about the same as or somewhat higher than that of conventional
concrete at the same level of compressive strength .
Permeability of concrete:
The permeability of concrete is also reduces .
DURABILITY OF CONCRETE CONTAINING
SILICA FUME
Chloride:
Reduced permeability is a greater resistance to the ingress of
chloride ions.
Sulfate Resistance:
The sulfate resistance of concrete containing silica fume is good,
partly because of a lower permeability and partly in consequence of
a lower content of calcium hydroxide and of alumina.
Freeze-Thawing:
Use of Silica Fume has no significant influence on the production
and stability of the air-void system. Freeze-thaw testing on Silica
Fume concrete showed acceptable results; the average durability
factor was greater than 99%.
Abrasion Resistance:
Due to absence of bleeding, no weak top layer is formed and also
because of a better bond between the hydrated cement paste and
coarse aggregate.
CONCLUSION:
Fly Ash:
It can replace up to 30% by mass of Portland cement, and
can add to the concrete’s final strength and increase its
chemical resistance and durability.
Due to the spherical shape of fly ash particles, it can also
increase workability of cement while reducing water
demand.
The replacement of Portland cement with fly ash also
reduces the greenhouse gas.
• Silica Fume:
silica fume improves compressive strength,bond strength,
and abrasion resistance.
silica fume also reduces the permeability of concrete to
chloride ions, which protects concrete's reinfrocing steel
from corrosion, especially in chloride-rich environments
such as those of roadways,runways and saltwater bridges.
REFERENCES
2. http://www.wikipedia.org
3. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/
materialsgrp/silica.htm
4. http://www.dot.gov/infrastructure/materialsgrp/
flyash.htm
Thank you
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