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    CNC History

    Uploaded by

    Bas Ramu
    The document discusses the history and development of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It traces the origins of CNC from the 1950s US Air Force need for precision machining, through the development of programming languages in the late 1950s and 1960s, to the introduction of PC-based control systems in the 1980s and 1990s. It then provides descriptions of common CNC machine tool types and details their technical specifications and applications.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CNC History

    Uploaded by

    Bas Ramu
    355 views26 pages
    The document discusses the history and development of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It traces the origins of CNC from the 1950s US Air Force need for precision machining, through the development of programming languages in the late 1950s and 1960s, to the introduction of PC-based control systems in the 1980s and 1990s. It then provides descriptions of common CNC machine tool types and details their technical specifications and applications.

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    cnc_history.ppt

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    The document discusses the history and development of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It traces the origins of CNC from the 1950s US Air Force need for precision machining, through the development of programming languages in the late 1950s and 1960s, to the introduction of PC-based control systems in the 1980s and 1990s. It then provides descriptions of common CNC machine tool types and details their technical specifications and applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    355 views26 pages

    CNC History

    Uploaded by

    Bas Ramu
    The document discusses the history and development of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It traces the origins of CNC from the 1950s US Air Force need for precision machining, through the development of programming languages in the late 1950s and 1960s, to the introduction of PC-based control systems in the 1980s and 1990s. It then provides descriptions of common CNC machine tool types and details their technical specifications and applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    1955 - US Air Force define a need to develop a machine tool capable of

    machining complex and close tolerance aircraft parts.


    1959 - MIT is the contractor and builds the machine for the project. MIT
    announces Automatic Programmed Tools (APT) programming language
    1960 - Direct Numerical Control (DNC). This eliminates paper tape and allows
    programmers to send files directly to machine tools
    1980s - CNC machine is introduced. Unix and PC based systems
    1997 - PC- Windows operating system is attached to cnc
    Turning Centers
    Milling Centers
    Vertical Machining Centers
    Horizontal Machining Centers
    Drilling Machines
    EDM Machines
    Laser-Cutting Machines
    Spindle in a vertical orientation.

    VMCs are high-precision

    Used for tight-tolerance


    Spindle in a horizontal orientation.

    Horizontal orientation encourages


    chips to fall away.

    HMCs are high-precision

    Used for tight-tolerance


    Controlled by G and M codes.
    These are number values and co-ordinates.
    Each number or code is assigned to a particular
    operation.
    Typed in manually to CAD by machine operators.
    G & M codes are automatically generated by the
    computer software.
    O - Program number
    N - Sequence number
    G - Preparatory function
    X - X axis designation
    Y - Y axis designation
    Z - Z axis designation
    R - Radius designation
    F Feed rate designation
    S - Spindle speed designation
    H - Tool length offset designation
    D - Tool radius offset designation
    T - Tool Designation
    M - Miscellaneous function
    G00 Rapid Transverse
    G01 Linear Interpolation
    G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
    G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
    G20/G70 Inch units
    G8 Cancel canned cycles
    G81 Drilling cycle
    G82 Counter boring cycle
    G83 Deep hole drilling cycle
    G90 Absolute positioning
    G91 Incremental positioning
    M00 Program stop
    M01 Optional program stop
    M02 Program end
    M03 Spindle on clockwise
    M04 Spindle on counterclockwise
    M05 Spindle stop
    M06 Tool change
    M08 Coolant on
    M09 Coolant off
    M10 Clamps on
    M11 Clamps off
    M30 Program stop, reset to start
    CNC machine manufactures this items

    Automobile Part

    Aerospace
    Diamond & Jewellery Ind.

    Textile Machinery

    Die & Mould Manufactures


    Posess hardness and strength at
    high temperatures

    Able to withstand when heat is


    generate

    Angle of the cutting face

    Flute width, number of flutes, teeth,


    and margin size
    Lubricating during cutting process

    Cooling the workpiece at high cutting speeds

    Improving tool life,

    Improving surface finish

    Flushing away chips from the cutting zone

    Corrosion protection of the machined surface


    STRAIGHT OILS -Non-emulsifiable and are used in machining operations in
    an undiluted form they are composed of a petroleum oil , lubricants such as fats,
    vegetable oils
    ( BEST LUBRICATION )

    SOLUBLE OILS -Contain no petroleum or mineral oil , composed of


    alkaline inorganic and organic compounds ( BEST COOLING )

    SEMISYNTHETIC FLUIDS- Emulsion when mixed with water


    ( LEAST EXPENSIVE )

    SYNTHETIC FLUIDS-Combination of synthetic and soluble oil fluids


    ( COST AND HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE )
    High Accuracy e.g. Aircraft parts
    Production rate is very high
    Complex surfaces need to be machined
    Flexibility in job change , automatic tool settings
    More safe , higher productivity , better quality
    Less paper work , faster prototype production
    Costly setup

    Skilled operators

    Computers , Programming knowledge required

    Maintenance is very difficult


    .

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