Hemant PPT BJT Biasing H Parameters

Lecture
on
BJT Biasing, Stabilization and
h-Parameters
Hemant Kumar Sharma

Assistant Professor, ECE Department
Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur
Introduction
BJT -- Bipolar Junction Transistor
Three terminals-Base, Emitter, Collector
TypeNPN and PNP
Two Junctions (a)Emitter-Base Junction
(b) Collector-Base Junction
Transistor = Transfer+ Resistor
Capability of transferring signal current from
low resistance circuit to high resistance circuit
2
ApplicationBJT as an amplifier and switch
Base is located at the middle and more thin from
the level of collector and emitter
The emitter and collector terminals are made of
the same type of semiconductor material, while
the base of the other type of material
Figure 1 Cross sectional view of BJT
3
Figure 2 (a) Transistor Types (b) Symbol of Transistor
Transistor currents
The arrow is always drawn
on the emitter
The arrow always point

toward the n-type
The arrow indicates the

direction of the emitter
current:
Figure 3 Transistor Currents in PNP and NPN Transisitor pnp:E B
npn: B E
IE = IC + IB
4
Transistor Current Gain
5
Transistor Mode of Operation
6
Transistor Configurations
Three configurations
(a) Common Base
(b) Common Emitter
(c) Common Collector
Figure 4 Transistor Configurations (a) Common Base (b) Common Emitter

(c) Common Collector
7
Common Base Configuration
Figure 5 Input and Output Characteristics of NPN Common Base Transistor

8
Common Emitter Configurations
Figure 6 Input and Output Characteristics of NPN Common Emitter Transistor
9
Comparisons CB, CE, CC Configurations
S.No. Parameters Common Base Common Emitter Common Collector
Configurations Configurations Configurations
1. Input Low Medium High
Resistance
2. Output High Medium Low
Resistance
3. Current Gain Less () High () High
4. Leakage Very Small Medium Range Very High Range
Current Range
10
Transistor Biasing
Main application of transistor is amplification i.e. raising the
strength of weak signal without any change in its general
shape is referred as faithful amplification.
For faithful amplification transistor must be operated in active
region.
If the transistor is not biased properly, it would work
inefficiently and produce distortion in output signal.
How a Transistor can be biased?
answer is using Biasing Circuits.
Biasing objective is to maintain the proper value of collector
current and collector voltage these values are expressed by
term Operating Point or Quiescent Point.
11
Selection of Q-point
Figure 7 Proper selection of Q-point
Figure 8 Operating Point at the centre of active

region of Transistor
12
Only fixing the Q-point is not sufficient but it should remain
stable. The maintenance of operating point stable is called
Stabilisation.
Why Q-point vary or shifts?
(a)Transistor Parameters (,ICO and VBE)are temperature
dependent.
(b)Transistor parameters change from unit to unit.
Requirements of Biasing Circuits?
(a)Establish the operating point in the centre of active region.
(b)Stabilize the collector current against temperature variations.
(c)Make the operating point independent of transistor
parameters so that it doesnt shift when the transistor is
replaced by another of the same type in the circuit.
13
Bias Stabilization means to maintain the factors those
responsible for the shift of Q-Point.
Q-point depends upon temperature sensitive parameters ICO,
VBE ,.
Stability factor indicates degree of change in Q-point due to
variation in temperature.
Lower the value of stability factor means less dependence of Q-
point over temperature that is desirable.
14
Table 1 Variation of Transistor Parameters w.r.t. Temperature
Biasing Circuits are:-

(a)Fixed Bias Circuit
(b)Fixed Bias with Emitter Resistor
(c)Collector to Base Bias Circuit
(d)Potential Divider Bias Circuit
15
General Expression for Stability Factor
16
Stability Factor for Fixed bias
Figure 9 Fixed Bias Circuit Actual Circuit and DC equivalent circuit
17
18
19
Stability Factor for Fixed bias with RE
Figure 10 Fixed bias with emitter resistance
20
21
22
Stability Factor for Collector to Base bias with RE
Figure 11 BJT Collector to Base bias Circuit
IC = IB
23
24
IC = IB
25
Stability Factor for Collector to Base bias
Figure 12 BJT Collector to Base bias Circuit
26
Stability Factor for Voltage divider bias
Figure 13 BJT Voltage divider bias Circuit
IC = IB
27
28
29
Summary
The Q-point is the best point for operation of a
transistor for a given collector current.
The purpose of biasing is to establish a stable
operating point (Q-point).
Out of all the biasing circuits, potential divider bias
circuit provides highest stability to operating point.
For voltage divider bias value of stability factor is 1
for ideal case.
30
h-Parameters
Small signal model of Transistor
Three different model for small signal analysis
h-Parameter model, hybrid pi model and re model
Hybrid model is for transistor at low frequency
Simple model and easy calculation
h-parameters are specified by manufacturer at a
typical operating point whereas the circuit is to
be analyzed may be operating at a different
operating point
31
Hybrid Model of Transistor
32
S.no. h-parameter meaning condition
1. h11 Input Impedance Output is shorted
2. h21 Forward Current Gain Output is shorted
3. h12 Reverse voltage gain Input open
4. h22 Output Admittance Input Open
33
34
35
Analysis of CE Amplifier
36
37
38
39
40
Analysis of CE Amplifier with RE
41
42
43
Analysis of CC Amplifier
44
45
46
47
48
Analysis of CB Amplifier
49
50
51
52
DC Model for CE amplifier
53
DC Model of BJT
Remove all a.c. source (AC Voltage source

short circuited and AC current source is open
circuited.
Open all Capacitors.
Xc = 1/c and = 2f
For dc signal f=0 then
Xc =
54
AC Model of BJT
Remove all DC Sources or set DC source at
zero value.
Short all Capacitors(Coupling and bypass
capacitors)
55
AC Model for CE Amplifier
56
DC Model for CB Amplifier
57
AC Model for CB Amplifier
58
DC Model for CC Amplifier
59
AC Model for CC Amplifier
60
References
[1]Jacob Millman, Christos C Halkias and Satyabrata Jit, Millmans
Electronic Devices and Circuits, TMH publications, third edition, pp.no.
307-324, 372-391, 2011.
[2]U.Mahadevaswamy, Analog electronic circuits: a simplified approach,
Pearson education ,pp.no. 129-217,231-250, First edition, 2010.
[3] N N Bhargava, D C Kulshreshtha and S C Gupta, Basic Electronics and
Linear Circuits, TMH Publications, pp.no. 222-259, First edition,56th
reprint, 2011.
[4] V K Mehta and Rohit Mehta, Principles of Electronics, S.Chand
publication, pp.no. 192-239. First edition, Reprint 2013.
[5] Rajiv Tiwari , Electronic Devices & Cicuits-I, Genius Publications ,12th
revised edition pp.no. 5.1-6.12, 2014.
[6] Dr. A P Vajpeyi, Analog & Digital Electronics Course no. Ph-218,
Lecure no. 7 NPTEL,IIT Guwahati.
[7] U A Bakshi and A P Godse, Analog Electronic Circuit, Technical
Publications ,pp.no. 3.1-3.132, First Edition, 2008.
61
For any query drop me an e-mail
kumar.hemant@vgu.ac.in
62

Hemant PPT BJT Biasing H Parameters

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hemant PPT BJT Biasing H Parameters

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hemant PPT BJT Biasing H Parameters

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture

Hemant Kumar Sharma

Figure 1 Cross sectional view of BJT

The arrow always point

The arrow indicates the

Figure 4 Transistor Configurations (a) Common Base (b) Common Emitter

Figure 5 Input and Output Characteristics of NPN Common Base Transistor

Figure 6 Input and Output Characteristics of NPN Common Emitter Transistor

Figure 7 Proper selection of Q-point

Figure 8 Operating Point at the centre of active

Biasing Circuits are:-

Figure 9 Fixed Bias Circuit Actual Circuit and DC equivalent circuit

Figure 10 Fixed bias with emitter resistance

Figure 11 BJT Collector to Base bias Circuit

Figure 12 BJT Collector to Base bias Circuit

Figure 13 BJT Voltage divider bias Circuit

Remove all a.c. source (AC Voltage source

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.