Cleaning and Sanitizing

CLEANING AND
SANITIZING
Cleaning
is the process of removing food and other

types of soil from a surface, such as a dish,
glass, or cutting board.
is done with a cleaning agent that removes
food, soil, or other substances.
4 Categories of Cleaning Agents
1. Detergents
2. Solvent cleaners
3. Acid cleaners
4. Abrasive Cleaners
Detergents
Use detergents to routinely wash
tableware, surfaces, and equipment.
Detergents can penetrate soil quickly and
soften it.
Examples include dishwashing detergent
and automatic dishwasher detergents.
Solvent cleaners
Use periodically on surfaces where grease
has burned on.
Solvent cleaners are often called
degreasers.
Acid Cleaners
Use periodically on mineral deposits and
other soils that detergents cannot remove.
These cleaners are often used to remove
scale in ware washing machines and steam
tables.
Abrasive Cleaners
Use these cleaners to remove heavy
accumulations of soil that are difficult to
remove with detergents. Some abrasive
cleaners also disinfect. Clean food-contact
surfaces that are used to prepare potentially
hazardous foods as needed throughout the
day but no less than every four hours. If
they are not properly cleaned, food that
comes into contact with these surfaces
could become contaminated.
Sanitizing
Is done using heat, radiation, or chemicals.
Heat and chemicals are commonly used as a
method for sanitizing in a restaurant; radiation
rarely is. The item to be sanitized must first be
washed properly before it can be properly
sanitized. Some chemical sanitizers, such as
chlorine and iodine, react with food and soil
and so will be less effective on a surface that
has not been properly cleaned.
Sanitizing Methods
Heat
Chemicals
Heat
There are three methods of using heat to sanitize
surfaces steam, hot water, and hot air. Hot water is the
most common method used in restaurants. If hot water
is used in the third compartment of a three-
compartment sink, it must be at least 171oF (77oC). If
a high-temperature ware washing machine is used to
sanitize cleaned dishes, the final sanitizing rinse must
be at least 180oF (82oC). For stationary rack, single
temperature machines, it must be at least 165oF
(74oC). Cleaned items must be exposed to these
temperatures for at least 30 seconds.
Chemicals
Chemicals that are approved sanitizers are
chlorine, iodine, and quaternary
ammonium. Different factors influence the
effectiveness of chemical sanitizers.
The three factors that must be considered
are:
Concentration
The presence of too little sanitizer will
result in an inadequate reduction of
harmful microorganisms. Too much can be
toxic.
Temperature
Generally chemical sanitizers work best in
water that is between 55oF(13oC) and
120oF (49oC).
Contact time
In order for the sanitizer to kill harmful
microorganisms, the cleaned item must
be in contact with the sanitizer (either
heat or approved chemical) for the
recommended length of time.
Sanitizer Testing
Every restaurant must have the appropriate
testing kit to measure chemical sanitizer
concentrations. To accurately test the strength of
a sanitizing solution, one must first determine
which chemical is being used --- chlorine, iodine,
or quaternary ammonium. Test kits are not
interchangeable so check with your chemical
supplier to be certain that you are using the
correct kit. The appropriate test kit must then be
used throughout the day to measure chemical
sanitizer concentrations.
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Different Chemical Sanitizers
Chemical Concentration Contact Advantage Disadvantage
Time
Chlorine 50 ppm in water 7 sec. Effect on a Corrosive,

between 75 and 100 wide variety of irritating to the
F bacteria; skin,
highly effectiveness
effective; not decreases with
affected by increasing pH of
hard water; solution;
generally deteriorates
inexpensive. during storage
and when
exposed to light;
dissipates
rapidly;loses
acitivity in the
presence of
organic matter;
Iodine 12. 5ppm in 30 seconds Forms brown Effectiveness
water that is at colour that decreases
least 75oF indicates greatly with an
strength; not increase in pH
affected by (most active at
hard water; pH 3.0; very
less irritating low acting at
to the skin pH 7.0);
than is should not be
chlorine; and used in water
activity not that is at
lost rapidly in 120oF or
the presence of hotter; and
organic might
matter. discolour
equipment and
surfaces.
Quaternary U to 200 ppm 30 seconds Nontoxic, Slow
Ammonium in water that is odourless, destruction of
Compounds at least 75oF noncorrosive, some
no irritating; microorganism
stable to heat s; not
and relatively compatible
stable in the with some
presence of detergents and
organic matter; hard water.
active over a
wide pH range.
Cleaning and sanitizing
utensils
There are three steps needed to effectively
clean and sanitize utensils:
Washing
Sanitizing
Drying
Utensils such as cutting boards,
bowls and knives need to be
thoroughly washed in warm soapy
water. After washing, the utensils
should look clean and there should
be no food or anything else visible
on them. Effective cleaning will
remove most of the dangerous
bacteria present. Sanitizing will then
kill any that might remain.
A dishwasher is very effective at sanitizing if it has a
hot wash and drying cycle. If you do not have a
dishwasher, you will need to sanitize in a sink using a
chemical sanitizer or very hot water. If using a
chemical sanitizer such as a sodium hypochlorite or
quaternary ammoniumbased solution, ensure that it
can be safely used for sanitizing eating, drinking and
cooking utensils. Follow the instructions on the
container carefully, as different sanitizers work in
different ways. If you are using very hot water, take
extra care to avoid being scalded. All utensils must
then be thoroughly dried before they are re-used. Air-
drying is best but tea towels can be used if they are
clean.
If you are washing up at an event
being held outdoors, make sure you
have access to plenty of hot water. If
hot water is not available, disposable
eating and drinking utensils should
be used and enough cooking utensils
provided to last the duration of the
event so that washing up is not
necessary.
Cleaning kitchen premises
Cleaning your kitchen regularly is important
not only to keep it looking its best, but also to
remove all of the germs and bacteria that
accumulate regularly in the kitchen area.
There are several surfaces around the kitchen,
and by making a homemade versatile cleaning
solution, you can easily clean most of the
surfaces with one basic mixture of household
ingredients that are probably already in your
kitchen cupboards.
Things You'll Need
Broom
Cleaning rags
Bucket
Instructions
1. Collect loose dust by sweeping the kitchen
floor daily with a broom or static sweeper
and wiping down counter tops, tables and
other surfaces with a cleaning rag. To
remove sticky build up, wipe with a damp
cleaning rag and wipe a damp mop over
your kitchen floor.
2. Mix 1 gallon warm water in a bucket
with 1/2 cup white vinegar and 1 tsp. dish
soap. Dip your mop into the bucket, wring
the mop out and wipe across your kitchen
floors. The diluted vinegar solution makes
it safe for any kitchen floor surface while
still strong enough to clean and disinfect.
The dish soap assists in cutting through any
food residue that may be on the kitchen
floor. Let your floor air dry after cleaning.
3. Make an all-purpose cleaner in a spray
bottle. Combine 3 cups warm water with
cup white vinegar and 1 tsp. dish soap.
4. Spray this solution onto kitchen

surfaces and wipe off with a damp
cleaning rag. This works well on any
type of kitchen surface including
cabinetry, sinks, tables, counters and any
other area that requires cleaning.
5. Fill a few bowls with about
1/2 cup each of baking soda.
Place these around your kitchen
to absorb odor and keep the
kitchen smelling fresh. Open
windows to let fresh air
circulate, which is especially
useful when cooking strong-
smelling foods.

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What are the different categories of cleaning agents mentioned?

What are the three main factors that must be considered for chemical sanitizers?

CLEANING AND

is the process of removing food and other

Chlorine 50 ppm in water 7 sec. Effect on a Corrosive,

4. Spray this solution onto kitchen

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