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    51 Ch22 Gauss

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    Dinanti Pratiwi
    This document summarizes the key topics covered in Chapter 22 of the textbook, which discusses Gauss's law. The three main topics covered are: 1. Electric charge and flux, and how to calculate electric flux. 2. Gauss's law, which relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed. 3. Using Gauss's law to calculate electric fields produced by symmetric charge distributions. The document provides learning goals for understanding how to use Gauss's law to determine the electric field based on the charge distribution without calculating the field directly. It also gives examples of using Gauss's law to calculate fields and includes tips for solving Gauss's law problems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    51 Ch22 Gauss

    Uploaded by

    Dinanti Pratiwi
    29 views28 pages
    This document summarizes the key topics covered in Chapter 22 of the textbook, which discusses Gauss's law. The three main topics covered are: 1. Electric charge and flux, and how to calculate electric flux. 2. Gauss's law, which relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed. 3. Using Gauss's law to calculate electric fields produced by symmetric charge distributions. The document provides learning goals for understanding how to use Gauss's law to determine the electric field based on the charge distribution without calculating the field directly. It also gives examples of using Gauss's law to calculate fields and includes tips for solving Gauss's law problems.

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    This document summarizes the key topics covered in Chapter 22 of the textbook, which discusses Gauss's law. The three main topics covered are: 1. Electric charge and flux, and how to calculate electric flux. 2. Gauss's law, which relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed. 3. Using Gauss's law to calculate electric fields produced by symmetric charge distributions. The document provides learning goals for understanding how to use Gauss's law to determine the electric field based on the charge distribution without calculating the field directly. It also gives examples of using Gauss's law to calculate fields and includes tips for solving Gauss's law problems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views28 pages

    51 Ch22 Gauss

    Uploaded by

    Dinanti Pratiwi
    This document summarizes the key topics covered in Chapter 22 of the textbook, which discusses Gauss's law. The three main topics covered are: 1. Electric charge and flux, and how to calculate electric flux. 2. Gauss's law, which relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed. 3. Using Gauss's law to calculate electric fields produced by symmetric charge distributions. The document provides learning goals for understanding how to use Gauss's law to determine the electric field based on the charge distribution without calculating the field directly. It also gives examples of using Gauss's law to calculate fields and includes tips for solving Gauss's law problems.

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    You are on page 1of 28

    Chapter 22 Gausss Law

    Electric charge and flux (sec. 22.2 & .3)


    Gausss Law (sec. 22.4 & .5)
    Charges on conductors (sec. 22.6)

    C 2010 J. Becker
    Learning Goals - we will learn: CH 22
    How you can determine the amount of
    charge within a closed surface by
    examining the electric field on the
    surface!
    What is meant by electric flux and how you
    can calculate it.
    How to use Gausss Law to calculate the
    electric field due to a symmetric
    distribution of charges.
    A charge inside a box can be probed with a
    test charge qo to measure E field
    outside the box.
    The volume (V) flow rate
    (dV/dt) of fluid through the
    wire rectangle (a) is vA when
    the area of the rectangle is
    perpendicular to the velocity
    vector v and (b) is vA cos
    when the rectangle is tilted
    at an angle .
    We will next replace the
    fluid velocity flow vector v
    with the electric field vector
    E to get to the concept of
    electric flux E.

    Volume flow rate through


    the wire rectangle.
    (a) The electric flux through
    the surface = EA.
    (b) When the area vector
    makes an angle with the
    vector E, the area projected
    onto a plane oriented
    perpendicular to the flow is
    A perp. = A cos . The flux
    is zero when = 90o because
    the rectangle lies in a plane
    parallel to the flow and no
    fluid flows through the
    rectangle

    A flat surface in a uniform


    electric field.
    E = E . dA
    = E dA cos
    = E dA = E dA
    = E (4 R2)
    = (1/4 o) q /R2) (4
    R2)
    = q / o.
    So the electric flux
    E = q / o.
    Now we can write
    Gauss's Law:
    E = E . dA =
    |EdA| cos =Qencl /o
    Electric FLUX through a sphere
    centered on a point charge q.
    The projection of an
    element of area dA of a
    sphere of radius R UP
    onto a concentric sphere
    of radius 2R.
    The projection multiplies
    each linear dimension by
    2, so the area element
    on the larger sphere is
    4 dA.
    The same number of
    lines of flux pass thru
    each area element.

    Flux E from a point charge q.


    The projection of the
    area element dA onto the
    spherical surface is dA
    cos.

    Flux through an irregular surface.


    Spherical Gaussian surfaces around
    (a) positive and (b) negative point charge.
    Gausss Law can be used to calculate the
    magnitude of the E field vector:

    C 2009 J. F. Becker
    Use the following recipe for Gausss Law problems:
    Use the following recipe for Gausss Law problems:

    1. Carefully draw a figure - location of all charges,


    direction of electric field vectors E
    Use the following recipe for Gausss Law problems:

    1. Carefully draw a figure - location of all charges,


    direction of electric field vectors E
    2. Draw an imaginary closed Gaussian surface so that
    the value of the magnitude of the electric field is
    constant on the surface and the surface contains the
    point at which you want to calculate the field.
    Use the following recipe for Gausss Law problems:

    1. Carefully draw a figure - location of all charges,


    direction of electric field vectors E
    2. Draw an imaginary closed Gaussian surface so that
    the value of the magnitude of the electric field is
    constant on the surface and the surface contains the
    point at which you want to calculate the field.
    3. Write Gauss Law and perform dot product E o dA
    Use the following recipe for Gausss Law problems:

    1. Carefully draw a figure - location of all charges,


    direction of electric field vectors E
    2. Draw an imaginary closed Gaussian surface so that
    the value of the magnitude of the electric field is
    constant on the surface and the surface contains the
    point at which you want to calculate the field.
    3. Write Gauss Law and perform dot product E o dA
    4. Since you drew the surface in such a way that the
    magnitude of the E is constant on the surface, you
    can factor the |E| out of the integral.
    Use the following recipe for Gausss Law problems:

    1. Carefully draw a figure - location of all charges,


    direction of electric field vectors E
    2. Draw an imaginary closed Gaussian surface so that
    the value of the magnitude of the electric field is
    constant on the surface and the surface contains the
    point at which you want to calculate the field.
    3. Write Gauss Law and perform dot product E . dA
    4. Since you drew the surface in such a way that the
    magnitude of the E is constant on the surface, you
    can factor the |E| out of the integral.
    5. Determine the value of Qencl from your figure and
    insert it into Gauss's equation.
    Use the following recipe for Gausss Law problems:

    1. Carefully draw a figure - location of all charges,


    and direction of electric field vectors E
    2. Draw an imaginary closed Gaussian surface so that
    the value of the magnitude of the electric field is
    constant on the surface and the surface contains the
    point at which you want to calculate the field.
    3. Write Gauss Law and perform dot product E o dA
    4. Since you drew the surface in such a way that the
    magnitude of the E is constant on the surface, you
    can factor the |E| out of the integral.
    5. Determine the value of Qencl from your figure and
    insert it into Gauss's equation.
    6. Solve the equation for the magnitude of E.
    C 2009 J. F. Becker
    Gaussian
    surface

    Under electrostatic conditions, any excess


    charge resides entirely on the surface of a
    solid conductor.
    Under electrostatic
    conditions the
    electric field inside
    a solid conducting
    sphere is zero.
    Outside the sphere
    the electric field
    drops off as 1 / r2,
    as though all the
    excess charge on
    the sphere were
    concentrated at its
    center.
    Electric field = zero (electrostatic)
    inside a solid conducting sphere
    A coaxial cylindrical Gaussian surface is used
    to find the electric field outside an infinitely
    long charged wire.
    A cylindrical Gaussian surface is used to find
    the electric field of an infinite plane sheet of
    charge.
    Ignoring
    edge effects

    Electric field between two (large) oppositely


    charged parallel plates.
    Volume charge
    density:
    = charge / unit
    volume is used to
    characterize the
    charge distribution.

    The electric field of a uniformly charged


    INSULATING sphere.
    The solution of this problem lies in the fact
    that the electric field inside a conductor is
    zero and if we place our Gaussian surface
    inside the conductor (where the field is zero),
    the charge enclosed must be zero (+ q q) = 0.
    Find electric charge q on surface of hole in the
    charged conductor.
    A Gaussian surface
    E
    drawn inside the
    conducting material
    of which the box is
    made must have zero
    electric field on it
    (field inside a con-
    ductor is zero). If
    the Gaussian surface
    has zero field on it,
    the charge enclosed
    must be zero per
    Gauss's Law.

    The E field inside a conducting box


    (a Faraday cage) in an electric field.
    Review
    See
    www.physics.sjsu.edu/becker/physics51

    C 2010 J. F. Becker
    Chapter 23 Electric Potential

    Electric potential energy (sec. 23.1)


    Electric potential (sec. 23.2)
    Calculating elec. potential (sec. 23.3)
    Equipotential surfaces (sec. 23.4)
    Potential gradient (sec. 23.5)

    C 20010 J. Becker
    Learning Goals - we will learn: ch 23
    How to calculate the electric potential
    energy (U) of a collection of charges.
    The definition and significance of
    electric potential (V).
    How to use the electric potential to
    calculate the electric field (E).

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