Exam Flashcards: by Jonathan Donado

PMP® Exam
500
Over
Flashcards
dynamic Flashcards in PowerPoint
By Jonathan Donado
A response to a risk event,
generally made when the
probability of the event or
Acceptance its impact are small. It is
used when mitigation,
transference, or avoidance
are not selected
JONATHAN DONADO Linkedin.com/in/jonathandonado

A group of end-users work
with the final product to
Acceptance test it for unidentified issues
that may appear during
Test routine use. Also known as
User Acceptance Testing
(UAT)

A set of conditions &
requirements
Acceptance that must be met
before deliverables
Criteria are accepted
Note: it is usually stated in a contract and/or SOW (Statement Of Work)

Products, results or
capabilities produced by
Acceptance a project and validated
Deliverables by the customer or
sponsors as meeting
their acceptance criteria

The process of acquiring
personnel/goods/services
for new or existing work
Acquisition within the general
definitions of contracts
Process requiring an offer and
acceptance, consideration,
lawful subject matter, and
competent parties

The process of confirming
Human Resources
Acquisition Team availability and selecting the
team necessary to complete
the project activities

Accuracy means that the
measured value is very close
Accuracy to true value (target or goal).
Accuracy is about correctness
Note: Accuracy is not precision. To state that the results are
accurate means that they are correct.

Action Item A list of problem issues
including a description, point
Status of contact, and dates of action
and resolution

A plan that describes
what needs to be done
Action Plan and when it needs to be
completed. Project plans
are action plans

This occurs when the receiver
confirms the message is being
received. It can be done by
Active Listening way of feedback, questions,
prompts for clarity, and other
signs of having received the
message

A distinct, scheduled portion
of work performed during the
course of a project.
Activity An activity typically has an

expected duration, cost and
requires certain resources
Also known as “Task”

Multiple attributes associated
with each schedule activity
Activity that can be included within
the activity list. It include:
Attributes
o Activity codes
o Predecessor activities
o Successor activities
o Logical relationships
o Leads & lags
o Resource requirements
o Constraints
o Assumptions

A network diagramming
Activity on method where the arrows in
the arrow diagramming
Arrow method network diagram
represent the activities
within the project

An alphanumeric
value assigned to
Activity each activity that
enables classifying,
Code sorting, and
filtering

The projected cost of the
scheduled activity that
Activity includes the cost of all
Cost Estimation resources required to
perform and complete
the activity

The maximum amount of
Activity time that an activity can
Delay be delayed due to lack of
resources

The time in calendar
Activity units between the start
Duration and finish of a schedule
activity

Activity Estimating the number
of work periods that will
Duration be needed to complete
Estimating individual activities

A unique alphanumeric
value assigned to an
Activity activity and used to
Identifier differentiate that
activity from other
activities

Activity A list of the defined
activities that need to
List be completed for a
project

method where the arrow in a
Activity-on-Arrow project network diagram
(AoA) within the project
Explanation: A method of diagramming the sequence of activities
in a project using arrows to represent activities and small circles
(nodes) connecting the activities to represent relationships.
Dummy activities may be included to show activities that are
dependent on one another. This method has only finish-to-start
relationships. Also known as Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)

method where the node in a
Activity-on-Node project network diagram
(AoN) within the project
Explanation: A method of diagramming the sequence of activities
in a project where rectangles (nodes) represent the activities and
arrows represent the relationship between the activities. This
method uses four types of dependency relationships: finish to
start, start to start, finish to finish and start to finish. Also known
as precedence diagramming method (PDM)

A priority value assigned to
activities to provide an
Activity ordering for activities that
Priority are waiting for resources
(during resource-
constrained scheduling)

Identifying activity
dependency relationships
Activity (how activities affect each
other) and determining the
Sequencing best order to perform the
activities to complete the
project

Allowing activities to be
split into segments during
resource allocation. In
Activity some instances,
preemption of activities
Splitting may free a resource to be
used by a more critical
activity

The realized cost
incurred for the
Actual Cost work performed on
an activity or work
(AC) package during a
specific time period

The number of hours
or days expanded to
Actual Duration complete a project
activity

The actual number of
person hours or days
Actual Effort expended to complete
an activity

The calendar date
work actually ended
Actual Finish on an activity. It must
Date (AF) be prior to the
timenow date

The calendar date
work actually began
Actual Start on an activity. It must
Date (AF) be prior to the
timenow date

A project life cycle that is
intended to facilitate
change and require a high-
Adaptive Life degree of stakeholder
Cycle involvement. They are
iterative and incremental.
Note: Also known as Agile or Change-Driven Cycle

The documenting of the
project results and the
Administrative acceptance of the product
by the customer or the
Closure project sponsor. Also
needed if a project is
terminated

A technique to find ways
to bring project activities
Adjusting Leads that are behind into
alignment with plan
& Lags during project execution
Explanation: A technique used to adjust the amount of time
between predecessor and successor activities

Using activity resource
requirements to calculate
total resource needs rather
than to constrain the
Aggregation project schedule. Normally,
resource requirements are
used to perform resource-
constrained scheduling

Any document or
communication that defines
the initial intentions of a
project. This can take the
Agreements form of a contract,
memorandum of
understanding (MOU),
letters of agreements,
verbal agreements, etc

A process to bring
Advertising attention to a project or
effort

The alignment type is used to
identify the type of constraint
associated with a target date.
The following types are available:
Alignment o
o
o
Finish On
Finish On or After
Finish On or Before
Type o
o
o
Start On
Start On or After
Start On or Before
o Mandatory Start
o Mandatory Finish

A group creativity
technique that allows
Affinity Diagram large number of ideas to
be classified in groups for
review and analysis

Breaking down a
complex scope situation
Alternative for the purpose of
generating and evaluating
Analysis different solutions and
approaches

A technique for estimating
the duration or cost of an
activity or a project using
Analogous historical data from a
similar activity or project.
Estimating Also known as Top-Down
estimating. It is a form of
expert judgement

The study something complex
and the separation into its
more simple components.
Analysis typically includes
Analysis discovering not only what the
parts of the item being
studied are, but also how they
fit together. Example: study of
schedule variances for cause, impact,
corrective action, and results

These are the areas of
business, industry which the
project manager may need
special knowledge.
Application Common application areas
include legal issues,
Areas technical issues,
engineering information,
and manufacturing
information

An activity where
effort is allotted
Apportioned proportionately across
certain discrete efforts
Effort and not divisible into
discrete efforts
Note: Apportioned effort is one of three earned value management (EVM)
types of activities used to measure work performance

To accept as satisfactory. The
approval may still require
confirmation by somebody
else, as in levels of approval.
Approve In management use, the
important distinction is
between approve and
authorize
Note: See Authorization card

A Change Request that
Approved has been processed
through the integrated
Change Request change control
processed and approved

A review of the Change
Approved Requests to verify that
Change Request these were
implemented as
Review approved

A network diagramming technique
in which activities are represented
by arrows. The tail of the arrow
represents the start and the head
Arrow represents the finish of the activity
(the length of the arrow does not
Diagramming represent the expected duration of
the activity). Activities are
Method (ADM) connected at points called ”Nodes"

(usually drawn as small circles) to
illustrate the sequence in which the
activities are expected to be
performed

The activities team
members are
Assignment responsible to
complete

Factors in the planning
process considered to be
true, real, or certain,
without proof or
Assumptions demonstration.
Need to be documented
and validated as they may
impact risk

A technique that explores
the accuracy of
Assumption assumptions and identifies
risks to the project from
Analysis inaccuracy, inconsistency or
incompleteness of
assumptions

The right to apply project
resources, spend funds,
Authority make decisions or give
approvals

The power granted by
management to specified
individuals allowing them to
approve transactions,
Authorization procedures, or total systems.
Defined as the final
organization authority
Note: See Approve card

An effort that has been
Authorized approved by higher authority
and may or may not be
Work defined

This is one response to
a risk event. The risk is
avoided by planning a
Avoidance different technique to
remove the risk from
the project

A listing of product
requirements and
deliverables to be
Backlog completed, written as
stories, and prioritized as
the business to manage and
organize the project work

A critical path method
technique for calculating the
late start and late finish dates,
Backward for the uncompleted portions of
all network activities, by
Pass working backward through the
schedule model from the
project end date date

Balancing the competing
Balancing demands of scope, cost,
time, quality, risk,
Constraints resources and customer
expectations for a project

A chart that shows
schedule activities, with
Bar (Gantt) start and end dates,
activity durations,
Chart resources assigned. Also
known as Gantt Chart

The approved version of a
work product that can be
changed using formal
change control procedures
Baseline and is used as the basis for
comparison to actual results
Note: The original plan (for a project, a work package, or an
activity) plus or minus approved changes. Usually used with a
modifier (e.g., cost baseline, schedule baseline performance
measurement baseline)

A project schedule
consisting of baseline start
and finish dates, which
Baseline represent an
estimated or expected
Schedule schedule, or both
Note: This schedule is often derived from an initial set of early,

late, or scheduled finish dates. Typically, once a baseline schedule
is established, it does change over the course of a project)

Supporting documentation
outlining the details used in
Basis of establishing project
estimates such as
Estimates assumptions, constraints,
level of detail, ranges, and
confidence levels

A process of using prior
projects within, or external
to, the performing
Benchmarking organization to compare
and set quality standards
for processes and results

Benefit Used in comparing the
value of one project against
Measurement the value, or benefits, of
another; often used in
Methods project selection decisions

The process of determining
the pros and cons of any
Benefit/Cost project, process, product, or
activity
Analysis

A generally accepted
Best Practices set of standards for
performing work

The meeting with
prospective sellers prior to
the preparation of a bid or
proposal to ensure all
Bidder prospective vendors have
a clear and common
Conference understanding of the
procurement
Note: Also known as contractor conference, vendor
conference, or pre-bid conference

A method of estimating
project duration or cost by
aggregating the estimates of
Bottom‐Up the lower‐level components
of the work breakdown
Estimating structure (WBS))
Explanation: A method of estimating a component of work. The work is
decomposed into more detail. An estimate is prepared of what is needed to
meet requirements of each of the lower, more detailed pieces of work, and
these estimates are then aggregated into a total quantity for the component
of work. The accuracy of bottom-up estimating is driven by the size and
complexity of the work identified at the lower levels

A general data gathering
and creativity technique
that can be used to
identify risks, ideas or
Brainstorming solutions to issues by
using a group of team
members or subject
matter experts

The approved
estimate or amount of
Budget money allocated for a
project

The sum of all
Budget at budgets established in
Completion the planning phase for
the entire project or
(BAC) work to be performed

The total budgeted cost
Budget Cost of of all work completed
Work Performed on a project to date.
Also known as earned
(BCWP) value (EV)

Budget Cost of The total budgeted
Work Scheduled cost expected to be
spent for specific work
(BCWS)

Identifies project
Business constraints, alternatives,
and related assumptions
Impact Analysis as they apply to the
initiation phase

A documented economic
feasibility study used to
establish validity of the
benefits of a selected
Business Case component lacking sufficient
definition and that is used as
a basis for the authorization
of further project
management activities

Model used by a
Business Plan manager for planning and
scheduling project work

The conditions that the
Business product must meet to
support the high-level
Requirements processes and needs of
the business

The positive impact for
the business that will be
Business achieved with completion
of the project (such as
Value revenue, customer
satisfaction, etc)

The acquirer of
products, services, or
Buyer results for an
organization

A decomposition
technique that helps
Cause Effect trace an undesirable
effect back to its root
Diagram causes
Note: Also known as Fish Bone Diagram

A property of the central
limit theorem predicting
that the data observations
Central in a normal distribution will
tend to group around its
Tendency mean as the group sample
size increases
Note: Mean, Median and Mode are the most common

measurements

A person who takes on
personal responsibility
Champion for the successful
completion of a
“visionary project”

A process whereby
modifications to
Change Control documents, deliverables,
or baselines associated
Process with the project are
identified, documented,
approved, or rejected

A formally chartered
group responsible for
reviewing, evaluating,
Change Control approving, delaying, or
rejecting changes to the
Board project, and for recording
and communicating
such decisions

A set of procedures
that describes how
Change Control modifications to the
project deliverables will
System be controlled, changed
and approved

A change in objectives,
work plan, or schedule
resulting in a material
Change of Scope difference from the
terms of previously
granted approval to
proceed.

A list of changes made
during the project. This
includes dates of the
Change Log changes and impact in
terms of time, cost and
risk

Change A plan that documents
the process for
Management managing changes to
Plan the project

A formal proposal to
Change modify any document,
Request deliverable, or
baseline

Any numbering system used
to monitor project costs by
Chart of category (labor, supplies,
materials, etc). The project
Accounts chart of accounts is usually
based upon corporate chart of
accounts of the primary
performing organization

A document issued by the
initiator of the project, usually
the project sponsor, that
formally authorizes the
Charter existence of the project, and
provides the project manager
with the authority to apply
organizational resources to
project activities

A tally sheet that can be
Check sheet used as a checklist
when gathering data

A request or demand by a
Seller against a Buyer, or
vice-versa, for
Claim consideration,
compensation or payment
under the terms of a
contract, such a for a
disputed change

The process of
Claim processing, adjudicating
Administration and communicating
contract claims

The process of finalizing
all the activities across all
Close Project the Project Management
Process Groups to
formally complete a
project or phase

Close The process of
completing each
Procurement project procurement

The process performed
Closing Process to finalize all activities
across all Process Groups
Group to formally close a
project or phase

A numbering system
used to uniquely
Code of identify each
Accounts component of the
work breakdown
structure

The process of defining
Collect and documenting
stakeholder needs to
Requirements meet the project
objectives

Placing all team members
in the same physical
location close to one
Colocation another in order to
improve communications,
working relationships and
productivity

Relaying information so
that all concerned parties
Communication have an equal
understanding

A component of the
project, program, or
Communications portfolio management
plan that describes how,
Management when, and by whom
Plan information will be
administered and
disseminated

Restrictions on the content,
timing and audience or
individual who will deliver
Communications the communication usually
stemming from a specific
Constraints legislation or regulation,
technology or organizational
policies

A component of the
project management plan
Communications that describes how, when
and by whom information
Management about the project will be
administered and
Plan disseminated

A systematic procedure
Communications or technique used to
transfer information
Methods among project
stakeholders

The planning process to
determine the
communication
Communications requirements. Identifying
who will need what
Planning information, when they will
need it and how the
information should be
formatted and disseminated

An analytical technique
Communications to determine the
information needs of the
Requirements project stakeholders
Analysis through interviews,
workshop, etc

A general concept to
conforming to a rule,
standard, law,
Compliance requirement generating
a result of “complaint”
or “not-complaint”

The process of developing
broad-scope project
documentation from which
Conceptual the technical requirements,
estimates, schedules,
Project Planning control procedures, and
effective project
management will all flow

The process of evaluating,
approving or disapproving,
Configuration and managing changes to
controlled items
Control

A collection of
Configuration procedures used to
Management track project artifacts
and monitor and
System control changes to
these artifacts

An approach to project
staffing that, in its most
general form, calls for
Concurrent implementers to be
involved in the design
Engineering phase. Sometimes
confused with Fast
Tracking

A decision that a
group agrees to
support. It is usually
Consensus achieved by discussing
the relevant issues
and options

A limiting factor that
affects the execution
Constraint of a project, program,
portfolio, or process

1) something that may
happen: an event that might
occur in the future, especially
a problem, emergency, or
Contingency expense that might arise
unexpectedly and therefore
must be prepared for
2) provision made against
future unforeseen events

A document
describing actions that
Contingency the project team can
Plan take if predetermined
trigger conditions or
risks/threats occur

Time or money
allocated in the
Contingency schedule or cost
Reserve baseline for known
risks with active
response strategies

A legal, mutually-binding
document between buyer and
seller covering the terms and
conditions by which the work
Contract must be completed
There are 3 types:
1. Fixed price or lump sum contracts
2. Cost reimbursable contracts
3. Unit price contracts

whether the work as
Contract outlined in the contract
was completed accurately
Closeout and settling the terms of
the contract

Contract Managing the
relationship with the
Administration seller

A management control
point where scope, budget,
Control actual cost, and schedule
are integrated and
Account compared to earned
value for performance
measurement

Monitoring specific
Control project results to
determine if they comply
Quality with the relevant quality
standards

Diagram of process
results over time and
against specified limits to
Control Chart determine whether
processes are acceptable
or need adjustment

Process of monitoring
Control the status of the project
and product scope and
Scope managing changes to
the scope baseline

An intentional activity
Corrective that realigns the
performance of the
Action project work with the

The approved version
of the work package cost
estimates and contingency
Cost reserve that can be
changed using formal
Baseline change control procedures
and is used as the basis
for comparison to
actual results

A benefit
measurement method
Cost-Benefit that weighs expected
project costs against
Analysis expected project
benefits

Cost Managing and
controlling changes to
Control the cost baseline

Assigning specific cost
Cost estimates to specific
activities and creating
Budgeting the cost baseline

Estimating the cost of
Cost resources that will be
required to complete
Estimating each project activity

Determining costs
incurred to ensure
Cost of quality: including
prevention, appraisals
Quality (COQ) and failure costs. Also
known as ”Cost of Poor
Quality”

A component of a
Cost project or program
management plan that
Management describes how costs will
Plan be planned, structured,
and controlled

A measure of the cost
efficiency of budgeted
Cost resources expressed as
Performance the ratio of earned
value to actual cost
Index (CPI) Explanation: The ratio of budgeted costs to actual costs
(BCWP/ACWP). The CPI is often used to predict the magnitude of a
possible cost overrun using the following formula: original cost
estimate/CPI = projected cost at completion.

A cost-reimbursable
Cost Plus contract where the buyer
pays for costs defined in
Fixed Fee the contract plus an
(CPFC) Contract additional defined
amount (fixed fee)

A cost-reimbursable
contract where the buyer
Cost Plus pays for costs defined in
the contract plus an
Incentive Fee additional amount if
(CPIF) Contract the seller meets
performance criteria as
outlined in the contract

Cost Plus A contract where Buyer
Percentage reimburses the Seller for
the Seller’s allowable
Cost (CPPC) costs plus a percentage
of the cost
Contract

Cost A contract that provides
Reimbursable for payment to the seller
for actual costs incurred
Contract

The amount of budget
deficit or surplus at a given
point in time, expressed as
Cost the difference between
the earned value
Variance and the actual cost
(CV) CV = EV – AC
Note: (1) Any difference between the estimated cost of an activity and the
actual cost of an activity.
(2) In earned value, BCWP less ACWP.

A schedule
compression technique
used to shorten the
Crashing schedule duration for
the least incremental
cost by adding
resources

A process of subdividing
the major project
Create deliverables into smaller
more manageable
WBS components. The result
is the Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS)

Any activity in the
Critical Activity Critical Path

A schedule method that
allows the project team
Critical Chain to place buffers on any
project schedule path to
Method account for limited
resources and project
uncertainties

The sequence of
activities that
represents the longest
Critical Path path through a project,
which determines the
shortest possible
duration

A method used to
estimate the minimum
project duration and
Critical Path determine the amount of
scheduling flexibility on
Method (CPM) the logical network paths
within the schedule
model

The recipient of
service or product that
Customer the project created.
Also known as client
in some organizations

A point in time when
Data Date the status of the
project is recorded

A diagramming and
calculation technique for
Decision evaluating the
implications of a
Tree Analysis chain of multiple options
in the presence of
uncertainty

A technique used
for dividing and
subdividing the project
Decomposition scope and project
deliverables into
smaller, more
manageable parts

to modify a
Defect Repair nonconforming product
or product component

The amount of time
that a resource is
Dedicated available to the project
taking into account the
Project Time resource’s non-project
activities

A process of
developing a detailed
Define Scope description of the
project and the
product

An estimating technique
usually made during the
planning phase that assigns
a cost estimate range to
each work package in the
Define Estimate WBS. This estimate typically
falls between -5% and +10%
of the actual budget. Also
known as bottom-up
estimating

Any unique and
verifiable product,
result, or capability
Deliverable to perform a service
that is produced to
complete a process,
phase, or project

The act of transferring
all or part of a risk to
Deflection another party, usually
by some form
ofcontract

The relationship
Dependency between project
activities

Costs incurred for the
Direct Costs exclusive benefit of
the project

An activity that can
be planned and
Discrete measured and that
Effort yields a specific
output
Note: Discrete effort is one of three earned value management (EVM)
types of activities used to measure work performance

Discretionary A preferred order of
sequencing project
Dependency activities

An arrow in an AOA
diagram that does not
represent any actual
Dummy work but is used to
show the relationship
between two activities

The total number of
work periods required
to complete an activity
Duration or work breakdown
structure component,
expressed in hours,
days, or weeks

Shortening the project
Duration completion time
without changing the
Compression scope of the project

In the critical path
method, the earliest
possible point in time
Early Finish when the uncompleted
portions of a schedule
Date activity can finish based
on the schedule network
logic, the data date, and
any schedule constraints

In the critical path
method, the earliest
possible point in time
Early Start when the uncompleted
portions of a schedule
Date activity can start based on
the schedule network
logic, the data date, and
any schedule constraints

The measure of work
performed expressed
Earned Value in terms of the
(EV) budget authorized
for that work
Explanation: Sum of costs estimates for activities completed
during a given project

The measurement of
actual project status
Earned Value versus expected
(EV) Analysis project status as of the
measurement date
Explanation: Sum of costs estimates for activities completed
during a given project

A methodology that
Earned Value combines scope,
schedule, and resource
Management measurements to assess
project performance and
progress

The number of labor
units required to
complete a schedule
activity or work
Effort breakdown structure
component, often
expressed in hours,
days, or weeks

Calculation of the
number of person hours
Effort Estimate or days needed to
complete an activity

A statistical technique
that calculates the
average outcome when
EMV the future includes
scenarios that may or
may not happen

The person or group who
End User will use the product
produced by the project

Conditions, not under the
Enterprise immediate control of the
Environmental team, that influence,
constrain, or direct the
Factor project, program, or
portfolio

The expected total cost
Estimate at of completing all work
expressed as the sum of
Completion the actual cost to date and
the estimate to complete
(EAC)
EAC = AC + ETC

Estimate to The expected cost to
Complete finish all the remaining
project work
(ETC)

In the conduct of their operations,
state organizations and their
employees will employ
information technology in a legal
and ethical manner consistent
Ethics with government statutes, rules,
and regulations. Information
technology will not be used for
purposes that are unrelated to the
state organization’s mission or
violates state or federal law

Those processes
performed to complete
Execution with work define in
project management
Process Group plan to satisfy the
project specifications

Theory that proposes
that employees’ effort
will lead to effective
Expectancy performance and the
employees will be
rewarded for
accomplishments

The product of an event's
probability of occurrence and
the gain or loss that will
Expected result. For example, if there is
a 60 percent probability that
Monetary Value it will rain, and rain will result
in a $100 loss, the expected
monetary value of the rain
event is $60 (.6 x $100)

Expert Using subject matter
experts to assist in
Judgement decision making

A relationship between a
project activity and a
External factor outside the scope
of the project that
Dependency influences the completion
of that activity

A schedule compression
technique, in which
activities or phases
normally done in
Fast Tracking sequence are performed
in parallel or overlapping
for at least a portion of
their duration

A study undertaken to
Feasibility determine whether a
project is viable
Study

A thorough examination of a
project by an evaluation team
which includes a detailed
overview of the project’s
Financial financial procedures, budgets,
records, etc. It may deal with
Audit a project as a whole or the
separate individual parts of a
project

The process of completing
and terminating the financial
Financial and budgetary aspects of the
project being performed. It
Closure includes both (external)
contract closure and(internal)
project account closure

A logical relationship
in which a successor
Finish-to-Finish activity cannot finish
until a predecessor
activity has finished

When the completion
Finish-to-Finish of an activity is
dependent on the
Dependency completion of the
preceding activity

A logical relationship
in which a successor
Finish-to-Start activity cannot start
until a predecessor
activity has finished

When the start of an
Finish-to-Start activity is dependent on
the completion of the
Dependency previous activity

Contract where buyer
pays the seller a set
Firm Fixed Price amount, regardless of
the seller’s cost

A graphical diagram that
shows how causes or
Fishbone potential causes relate to
create potential
Diagram problems. Also known as
Ishikawa diagram

A cost that remains
Fixed Cost constant regardless of a
change in production

Earned Value in which a
specified percentage of the
Fixed Formula budget value of a work
package is assigned to the
Method start milestone and the
remaining percentage is
assigned when the work
package is complete

Fixed Price A contract where work is
performed or a product
Contract is provided for a
(FPC) predetermined price

A fixed price contract
Fixed Price that contains incentives
Incentive (FPI) for meeting or exceeding
predetermined
Fee Contract specifications

An amount of a
resource (human,
Fixed Resources equipment, material)
that cannot be changed

Another term for Slack.
The amount of time a
Float task can be delayed
without delaying the
project’s completion

A diagram showing the
steps in a process or
Flowchart system from beginning
to end

A prediction of future
Forecast project status

A critical path method
technique for calculating
the early start and early
Forward finish dates by working
forward through the
Pass schedule model from the
project start date or a
given point in time

When the authorized
stakeholder provides
Formal sign-off, indicating the
product has been
Acceptance received and is
acceptable

The amount of time that
a schedule activity can be
delayed without delaying
Free Float the early start date of any
successor or violating a
schedule constraint

An organizational
structure in which staff is
grouped by areas of
Functional specialization and the
Organization project manager has
limited authority to assign
work and apply resources

The person responsible
Functional for the activities of a
Manager specific functional
department

Conditions that the
Functional product must meet to
support how the end users
Requirements will interact with the
product

A bar chart of schedule
information where
activities are listed on the
vertical axis, dates are
Gantt Chart shown on the horizontal
axis, and activity durations
are shown as horizontal
bars placed according to
start and finish dates

A category or rank used to
distinguish items having
the same functional use
(e.g.,"hammer"), but do
Grade not share the same
requirements for quality
(e.g., different hammers
may need to withstand
different amounts of force)

Network analysis
technique that allows
GERT for loops or conditional
branches

The overall structure of
the roles, responsibilities
and relationships between
the project decision
Governance makers and the
organization’s long-term
operational decision
makers

Used to define a
collection of steps that
Guideline are recommendations
to be followed to meet
a stated policy(s)

An aggregate or summary
activity (a group of related
activities is shown as one
Hammock and reported at a
summary level). A
hammock may or may not
have an internal sequence

An unintended break in a
network path. Hangers are
Hanger usually caused by missing
activities or missing logical
relationships

Records of past
Historical projects that are used
to assist in planning
Information future projects

A component of the
project or program
Human Resources management plan that
Management describes the roles and
responsibilities,
Plan reporting relationships,
and staff management

The process of planning
and hiring the project
Human Resources team, outlining roles,
responsibilities and
Planning reporting structure and
defining team
development

The process of
determining which risks
Identify Risk may affect the project
and documenting their
characteristics

A cause and effect report
generated at the manager
Impact level to show the impact
that new projects will
Statement have on current schedules
and resources as they
enter the work stream

Occurs when products
have completed testing
Implementation are moved into production
or into their working
environment

A process that employs a
variety of quality control,
inspection, testing
Independent measurement, and other
observation processes to
Project Oversight ensure that planned project
objectives are achieved in
accordance with an approved
plan

Enacting the
communications plan
Information and providing
Distribution stakeholders with
needed information in
a timely manner

Formal definition and
authorization of a new
Initiation project or continuation
of an ongoing project

Information that is
Inputs required for a process
to begin

A quality control
method to examine and
measure work results
Inspection against baseline
specifications and
requirements

Overhead costs
allocated to the project
Indirect Costs by the organization, as
a cost of doing business

Coordinating and
Integration managing change
across the entire
Change Control project scope, schedule
and budget

establish how all
Integration elements of the project
will be coordinated and
Planning how changes will be
managed throughout
the project

A plan that documents
Integration how elements of the
project will be
Management integrated and outlines
how changes will be
Plan managed across the
project

Another term for
Invitation to Bid Request For Proposal
(RFP)

Another term for the
Ishikawa Fishbone Diagram or
Diagram the Cause-Effect
Diagram

An identified element
or event that may have
a negative impact on
Issue the project and needs
to be avoided or
resolved

A document that
outlines each project
issue, along with the
Issue Log person responsible for
resolving it, status and
expected resolution
date

Updating project plans
to reflect changes that
Iterating occur during the
planning phase and
throughout the
project

A meeting held at the end of
major planning activities for
all stakeholders to provide an
overview of the project and
Kick-off Meeting outline expectations, ensure a
common understanding of the
project and to build
consensus and excitement
about the project

The amount of time
whereby a successor
activity will be
Lag delayed with respect
to a predecessor
activity

In the critical path method,
the latest possible point in
time when the uncompleted
Late Finish portions of a schedule
activity can finish based on
Date (LF) the schedule network logic,
the project completion date,
and any schedule
constraints

In the critical path method,
the latest possible point in
time when the uncompleted
Late Start portions of a schedule
activity can start based on
Date (LS) the schedule network logic,
the project completion date,
and any schedule
constraints

The amount of time
whereby a successor
activity can be
Lead advanced with respect
to a predecessor
activity

The knowledge gained
during a project which
shows how project
events were addressed
Lessons Learned or should be addressed
in the future for the
purpose of improving
future performance

An activity that does
not produce definitive
end products and is
Level of Effort measured by the
passage of time
Note: Level of effort is one of three earned value management (EVM) types
of activities used to measure work performance

The learning that takes place
during the project and is
documented to provide
Lessons Learned information on what went
well and which aspects could
have been improved. Lessons
learned serve as references
for future projects

Estimation of
acquisition, operating
Life Cycle and disposal costs
related to a product;
Costing not just project costs
to develop the
product

A dependency between
Logical two activities or
between an activity
Relationship and a milestone

A network path that
passes the same node
twice. Loops cannot be
analyzed using traditional
Loop network analysis
techniques such as CPM
and PERT. Loops are
allowed in GERT

Process of making
needed information
Manage available to project
Communications stakeholders in a timely
manner

An activity that is
dependent upon another
Mandatory activity. For example, a
telephone pole must be
Dependency put up before telephone
wire can be strung

Time or money that
management sets aside
in addition to the
Management schedule or cost baseline
and releases for
Reserve unforeseen work that is
within the scope of the
project

A summary level project
schedule that identifies
Master the major deliverables
and work breakdown
Schedule schedule components
and key schedule
milestones

An organizational
structure in which the
project manager shares
Matrix authority with the
functional manager
Organization temporarily to assign
work and apply
resources

This value specifies the
Maximum maximum number of
segments that an activity
Number of can be split into when
Segments activity splitting is
allowed

Used to define the
processes, policies, and
guidelines that are
Methodology included as part of the
framework for project
management

A significant point or
Milestone event in a project,
program, or portfolio

A type of schedule
Milestone that presents
Schedule milestones with
planned dates

This value specifies
Minimum the minimum duration
Segment of a segment of an
activity when activity
Duration splitting is allowed

A concise statement,
usually one paragraph,
Mission summarizing what the
Statement project is about and
what it will
accomplish

Taking steps to lessen
risk by lowering the
probability of a risk
Mitigation event's occurrence or
reducing its effect
should it occur

Tracking, reviewing,
evaluating and directing the
Monitor and progress to meet the
performance objectives
Control Project defined in project
documentation such as
Risk Project Charter and/or in
the SOW

Developing and
implementing risk response
plans, tracking and evaluating
Monitor and identified risks, monitoring
residual risks, identifying new
Control Risk risks and opportunities, and
continual assessment of risks
throughout the project

The capture, analysis,
and reporting of project
Monitoring performance, usually as
compared to plan

A technique that uses
Monte Carlo computer software to
simulate the outcome
Analysis of a project more
accurately

An estimate of the
most probable activity
duration that takes into
Most Likely account all of the
Duration known variables that
could affect
performance

An activity with a total
Near-Critical float that is deemed
to be low based on
Activity expert judgment

A sequence of activities
with low float which, if
Near-Critical exhausted, becomes a
Path critical path sequence
for the project

The negative number that
results from comparing planned
project results with actual
Negative project results. A negative
variance in the project schedule
Variance indicates the project is behind
schedule. A negative variance in
the budget indicates the project
is over budget

The process of
identifying early and late
Network start and finish dates for
the uncompleted
Analysis portions of project
activities

A schematic display of
the logical relationships
of project activities.
Network Always drawnfrom left
to right to reflect project
Diagram chronology. Often
incorrectly referred to as
a"PERT chart"

Any continuous series
Network of connected activities
that make up a project
Path network diagram

A point at which
dependency lines
Node connect on a schedule
network diagram

A dependency
Non-Standard between two project
Logical activities that is not
the standard finish to
Relationship startrelationship

A technique that
enhances brainstorming
Nominal Group with a voting process
used to rank the most
Technique useful ideas for further
brainstorming

PMI’s organizational
project management
OPM3 maturity model
(acronym)

The turnover of a
project to the
Operations and operational staff of an
organization for ongoing
Maintenance support and
maintenance

Operations is ongoing
work to support the
business like
Operations vs. manufacturing. Project
Project work creates a unique
product/service, it is
Management temporary and ends
when the project is
closed
A chance to increase
project benefits. A risk
that would have a
positive effect on one
Opportunity or more project
objectives
See also: issue, risk, and threat

The opportunity given
Opportunity up by choosing to do
one project over
Cost another one

An estimate of the
shortest activity
Optimistic duration that takes into
account all of the
Duration known variables that
could affect
performance

A high-level estimate usually
made during the initiation
Order of phase that assigns a cost
estimate range to the project
Magnitude based on a completed similar
project. This estimate
Estimate typically falls between - 25%
and +75% of the actual budget

A hierarchical
representation of the
Organizational project organization,
which illustrates the
Breakdown relationship between
project activities and the
Structure (OBS) organizational units that
will perform those
activities
A structural, cultural,
technological, or
Organizational human‐resource practice
that the performing
Enabler organization can use
to achieve strategic
objectives

Consists of defining team
member responsibilities,
Organizational roles, and reporting
structure, and preparing
Planning the staffing management
plan

Plans, processes,
Organizational policies, procedures,
and knowledge bases
Process specific to and used by
Assets the performing
organization

A framework in which
portfolio, program, and
Organizational project management are
Project integrated with
organizational enablers
Management in order to achieve
strategic objectives

The level of an
Organizational organization’s ability to
Project deliver the desired
strategic outcomes
Management in a predictable,
controllable, and
Maturity reliable manner

The outcome or end
Output result of a process

An estimating technique
in which an algorithm is
Parametric used to calculate cost
or duration based on
Estimating historical data and
project parameters

A graph that is used to
rank the importance of
Pareto Chart aproblem by the
frequency with which it
occurs

A set of sequentially
connected activities in
Path a project network
diagram.

A relationship in
Path which a schedule
Convergence activity has more than
one predecessor.

A relationship in
Path which a schedule
Divergence activity has more than
one successor.

An estimate expressed as
a percent of the amount
Percent of work that has been
completed on an activity
Complete or a work breakdown
structure component

Integrated scope,
schedule, and cost
Performance baselines used for
Measurement comparison to
manage, measure,
Baseline and control project
execution

Process of auditing
quality requirements and
Performance results of quality control
Quality measurements to ensure
quality standards/
Assurance operational definitions
are used

Collecting and
Performance disseminating
information about project
Reporting performance to help
ensure project progress

An enterprise whose
Performing personnel are the most
directly involved in
Organization doing the work of the
project or program

An estimate of the
longest activity duration
Pessimistic that takes into account
all of the known
Duration variables that could
affect performance

A diagramming
technique where
activities are
represented by nodes,
PDM (AON) and arrows represent the
sequence
Explanation: Precedence diagramming method (PDM) is a network
diagramming technique in which activities are represented by boxes (or
nodes). Activities are linked together by precedence relationships to show the
sequence in which the activities are to be performed

Reporting to the
stakeholders to provide
Performance information about the
project’s status, progress,
Reporting accomplishments and
future project
performance predictions

Technique that
computes weighted
PERT average of optimistic,
pessimistic and most
Chart likely estimates for
activity duration/cost

A distinct stage of the
project or lifecycle. There
are btypically four phases in
a project management
Phase lifecycle: Initiation and
scope definition; planning;
execution, control and
coordination; and closure,
acceptance an dsupport

A review at the end
of a phase in which
Phase a decision is made to
continue to the next
Gate phase, to continue with
modification, or to end
a project or program

The authorized budget
Planned assigned to scheduled
work
Value (PV)
Explanation: The sum of the approved cost estimates including any
overhead allocation) for activities (or portions of activities) scheduled
to be performed during a given period (usually project-to-date)

A succinct statement that gives
direction to state organizations to
support IT implementation.
Policies are high-level, overall
statements that do not dictate
Policy specific procedural steps or
processes. Directives issued by
management for guidance and
direction where uniformity of
action is essential.

Projects, programs,
subportfolios, and
Portfolio operations managed
as a group to achieve

The process of
optimizing the mix of
Portfolio portfolio components
to further the strategic
Balancing objectives of the
organization

A document issued
by a sponsor that
Portfolio authorizes and specifies
the portfolio structure
Charter and links the portfolio to
the organization’s

The centralized
Portfolio management of one
or more portfolios to
Management achieve strategic
objectives

A document that
Portfolio specifies how a
Management portfolio will be
organized, monitored,
Plan and controlled

The person or group
assigned by the
performing organization
Portfolio to establish, balance,
monitor, and control
Manager portfolio components in
order to achieve strategic
business objectives

The positive number that
results from comparing
planned project results with
actual project results. A
Positive positive variance in the
project schedule indicates the
Variance project is ahead of schedule.
A positive variance in the
budget schedule indicates the
project is under budget

Documents the successes and
failures of the project. It provides a
Post- historical record of the planned
and actual budget and schedule.
Implementation Other selected metrics on the
project can also be collected based
Evaluation upon state organization
procedures. The report also
contains recommendations for
Report other projects of similar size and
scope.

A technique used for
constructing a schedule
Precedence model in which activities are
represented by nodes and
Diagraming are graphically linked by one
or more logical relationships
Method (PDM) to show the sequence in
which the activities are
to be performed

The term used in the
precedence diagramming
method (PDM) for a logical
relationship. In current usage,
Precedence however, precedence
relationship, logical
Relationship relationship, and dependency
are widely used interchangeably
regardless of the diagramming
method in use

An activity that
Predecessor logically comes before
Activity a dependent activity
in a schedule

that ensures the future
Preventive performance of the
project work is aligned
Action with the project
management plan

The imposed
sequences desired with
respect to the
Priority scheduling of activities
with inpreviously
imposed constraints.

A grid for mapping
the probability of
Probability & occurrence of each
risk and its impact
Impact Matrix on project objectives
if that risk occurs

Used to define a collection
of steps that the
organization is responsible
for implementing to ensure
Procedure that policies and process
requirements are met. The
agency may use guidelines
to develop these procedures

A set of interrelated
actions and activities
performed to achieve a
Process pre-specified set of
products, results, or
services

A component of the
project or program
Procurement management plan that
describes the process of
Management how a team will acquire
Plan goods and services from
outside of the
organization

which goods and services
should be purchased or
Procurement performed outside of the
organization and outlines
Planning the details of what, how
and when the goods should
be acquired

Describes procurement in
sufficient detail to allow
Procurement sellers to determine if
they are capable of
SOW providing product,
services or results
Note: SOW = Statement of Work

General terms used to
define the end result of a
Product project delivered to a
customer

A non-formal, high level
Product document that describes
Description the characteristics of the
product/process to be
Statement created

The series of phases that
represent the evolution
Product Life of a product, from
concept through delivery,
Cycle growth, maturity, and to
retirement

The features and
functions that
Product Scope characterize a product,
service or result

Ensuring the
Product stakeholders find the
key deliverables to be
Verification satisfactorily completed

A group of related
projects, subprograms,
and program activities
that are managed in a
Program coordinated way to
obtain benefits not
available from managing
them individually

A document issued by a
sponsor that authorizes the
program management team
Program to use organizational
resources to execute the
Charter program and links the
program to the
organization’s strategic
objectives

A technique used to estimate
project duration through a
Program weighted average of optimistic,
pessimistic, and most likely
Evaluation and activity durations when there is
uncertainty with the individual
Review Technique activity estimates
(PERT) Explanation: A weighted average time estimate of project

duration using optimistic (O), pessimistic (P) and most likely (ML)
estimates of project duration. Also known as three point
estimating. PERT = O + (4)ML + P

The application of
knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to a program
Program to meet the program
requirements and to obtain
Management benefits and control not
available by managing
projects individually

A management structure
Program that standardizes the
program‐related
Management governance processes and
facilitates the sharing of
Office resources, methodologies,
tools, and techniques

A document that integrates
Program the program’s subsidiary
plans and establishes the
Management management controls and
overall plan for integrating
Plan and managing the program’s
individual components

The person authorized
by the performing
Program organization to lead
the team or teams
Manager responsible for
achieving program
objectives

The evaluation of
progress against the
Progress approved schedule and
the determination of its
Analysis impact. For cost, this is
the development of
performance indices

The iterative process
of increasing the level
of detail in a project
Progressive management plan as
greater amounts of
Elaboration information and more
accurate estimates
become available

A temporary endeavor
undertaken to create a
Project unique product, service,
or result

Entails making Project Plan
modifications that may result from
such things as: new estimates of work
still to be done, changes in
Project scope/functionality of end

product(s),resource changes and
unforeseen circumstances. It also
Administration involves monitoring the various
Execution Phase activities, monitoring
risks, status reporting, and
reviewing/authorizing project
changes as needed

The sum of work
Project package cost estimates,
contingency reserve,
Budget and management
reserve

A calendar that identifies
Project working days and shifts
that are available for
Calendar scheduled activities

Project An individual, who
believes in, understands
Champion and supports the project

A document issued by the
project initiator or sponsor
that formally authorizes the
Project existence of a project and
provides the project
Charter manager with the authority
to apply organizational
resources to project
activities

A subset of project management
that includes the processes
Project required to ensure proper
collection and dissemination of
Communications project information. It consists
of communications planning,
Management information distribution,
performance reporting, and
administrative closure

The person similar to the
Project Expediter except
Project the Coordinator has some
power to make decisions,
Coordinator some authority and
reports to a higher-level
manager

The person who acts
primarily as a staff
Project assistant and
communications
Expediter coordinator. It has not
power to make
decisions

It is the same as the
Project Project Charter. It
Initiation authorizes the start of
the project by the
Document Sponsor

An organizational
Projectized structure in which the
project manager has full
Organization authority to assign work
and apply resources

The series of phases
Project that a project passes
through from its
Life Cycle initiation to its closure

The application of
knowledge, skills, tools,
Project and techniques to
project activities to
Management meet the project
requirements

Project The tools and
techniques used to
Management gather, integrate and
disseminate the
Information outputs of project
Systems (PMIS) management processes

A management structure
that standardizes the
Project project‐related governance
Management processes and facilitates
the sharing of resources,
Office (PMO) methodologies, tools, and
techniques

The document that
Project describes how the
Management project will be executed,
monitored and
Plan controlled, and closed

The person assigned
by the performing
Project organization to lead
the team that is
Manager responsible for
achieving the project
objectives

Project Measures to determine
Performance whether the project is
on track
Indicators

A collection of logically
Project related project activities
that culminates in the
Phase completion of one or
more deliverables

An output of a schedule
model that presents
Project linked activities with
planned dates,
Schedule durations, milestones,
and resources

Project A graphical
Schedule representation of the
logical relationships
Network among the project
schedule activities
Diagram

The work performed
to deliver a product,
Project Scope service, or result with
the specified features
and functions

The description of the
Project Scope project scope, major
deliverables, objectives,
Statement assumptions, and
constraints

Determining which
Project Selection proposed projects
should move forward

Project Time Process required to
accomplish timely
Management completion of the
project

A project that attempts
Proof Concept to prove whether an
activity or an idea can
be accomplished

A technique of
producing an example
Prototype of the finished
product, service or
result to seek feedback
from stakeholders

A database of known
Published quantities or costs
relating to the
Estimating Data completion of
activities in the project

A form of
Pull communication where
information is
Communication downloaded and
accessed by receivers
when they want it

Push A form of
communication where
Communication information is sent to
the receiver

Uses a subjective approach
to determine the likelihood
Qualitative Risk that risks will occur and the
impact that risks will have
Analysis on the project. This
information enables the
risk to be prioritized

The degree to which the
Quality product of the project
meets requirements

The evaluation of overall
Quality project performance on a
regular basis to ensure
Assurance quality management
processes are followed

Review and evaluation of
the project performance to
Quality Audit ensure quality
management processes are
followed

An input/output that
provides a standardized
Quality Checklist list of steps to be taken.
Compare to checksheets,
which are used as a
quality tool

The process of measuring
specific results to
Quality Control determine compliance with
quality standards and
taking corrective action if
necessary

Quality Control An input/output that
describes the result of
Measurement Control Quality activities

The component of the
Quality project or program
management plan that
Management describes how an
Plan organization’s quality
policies will be
implemented

A set of tools used to define
the quality requirements and
Quality Planning to plan effective quality
management activities.
Tools Include:
o Brainstorming
o Field Force Analysis
o Nominal Group Techniques
o Quality Control Tools

Uses a mathematical approach
to analyze the probability that
risks will occur and the impact
that risks have on the project.
This information enables the
Quantitative Risk risks to be prioritized.
Techniques used for computing
Analysis quantitative risk analysis
include sensitivity analysis,
decision tree analysis and
Monte Carlo

A type of responsibility
assignment matrix (RAM)
that identifies particular
RACI Chart team members and activities
to be completed, and defines
whether the team members
are responsible, accountable
or informed

A tool acknowledging
Recognition the performance of
team members

A tool used to record,
Records store, and distribute
information relating to
Management procurement processes
System and decisions

The amount of time
Remaining needed to complete an
Duration activity

Individuals in different
locations working on the
same project and
Remote Team collaborating
electronically or by
telephone. Same term for
“Virtual Team”

A type of a procurement
Request For document. Used to
request proposals from
Proposal prospective sellers of
(RFP) products and services

A type of a procurement
document. Used to
Request For request price quotes
from prospective sellers
Quotation of common/standard
(RFQ) product or services

A set of measurable
Requirements customer wants and
desires

A component of the project
Requirements or program management
plan that describes how
Management requirements will be
Plan analyzed, documented,
and managed

Requirements A grid that links product
requirements from their
Traceability origin to the deliverables
Matrix that satisfy them

An analysis, usually
using quantitative risk
analysis that results in
Reserve Analysis the provision of either a
contingency or
management reserve for
time and cost

The risk that is still
present after risk
Residual Risk responses have been
implemented

Anything needed to
complete the project.
Resource May bepeople,
equipment, facilities or
money

Resource A hierarchical
representation of
Breakdown resources by category
Structure and type

The scheduling of activities in
a project with the knowledge
Resource- of certain resource constraints
and requirements. This
Constrained process adjusts activity
scheduled start and finish
Scheduling dates to conform to resource
availability and use

A calendar that
Resource identifies the working
days and shifts upon
Calendar which each specific
resource is available

A resource optimization
technique in which
adjustments are made to
the project schedule to
Resource optimize the allocation of
Leveling resources and which may
affect critical path
Explanation: Any form of network analysis in which scheduling
decisions (start and finish dates)are driven by resource
management concerns (for example, limited resource availability
or difficult-to-manage changes in resource levels)

A technique in which
Resource activity start and finish
dates are adjusted to
Optimization balance demand for
Technique resources with the
available supply

The process of defining
Resource the type and amount
ofresources needed to
Planning complete the project

A resource optimization
Resource technique in which free
and total float are used
Smoothing without affecting the
critical path

One of 4 key values
underpinning the ethical
and professional
Responsibility conduct expected of a
project manager. Other
values are respect,
honesty and fairness.

A grid that shows the
Responsibility project resources
Assignment assigned to each
work package
Matrix
Explanation: Ensures that all activities in the work breakdown
structure (WBS) are assigned to a team member and that each
member understands the roles and responsibilities that have been
assigned to him or her

Determining whether
the project outcomes
Return On will benefit the
Investment (ROI) organization based on
the resources used to
complete the project

An action to correct a
deficiency that was
Rework identified by a quality
activity

An uncertain event or
condition that, if it
occurs, has a positive
Risk or negative effect on
one or more project
objectives

A risk response strategy
whereby the project
team decides to
acknowledge the risk
Risk Acceptance and not take any action
unless the risk occurs
Explanation: A risk response that chooses to accept the
consequences of the identified risk or the inability to identify
another response strategy

The degree of
uncertainty an
organization or
Risk Appetite individual is willing
to accept in
anticipation
of a reward

whereby the project
Risk Avoidance team acts to eliminate
the threat or protect the
project from its impact

An hierarchical
Risk representation of the
Breakdown risk that is organized
according to risk
Structure (RBS) categories

Risk A group of potential
Category causes of risk

whereby the project
Risk team acts to increase
the probability of
Enhancement occurrence or impact of
an opportunity

A risk response
Risk strategy whereby the
project team acts to
Exploiting ensure that an
opportunity occurs

An aggregate measure
of the potential impact
Risk of all risks at any given
point in time in a
Exposure project, program, or
portfolio

Identifying potential risks
Risk and their associated
characteristics along with
Identification the positive or negative
impact they may have on
the project

A component of the
project, program, or
Risk portfolio management
Management plan that describes how
risk management activities
Plan will be structured and
performed

Risk whereby the project team
acts to decrease the
Mitigation probability of occurrence
or impact of a threat

Risk Uses the risk management
plan to identify risks,
Monitoring and respond to risks and
monitor the effectiveness
Control of the risk response

determine how to manage
Risk uncertainty within the
project. It includes
Planning identifying potential risks,
their impact and an
appropriate response

The person responsible
for monitoring the risk
and for selecting and
Risk Owner implementing an
appropriate risk
response strategy

A repository in which
outputs of risk
Risk Register management processes
are recorded

The procedures that are
Risk Response implemented if an
identified risk occurs

The process of reviewing
items on the prioritized risk
list from the qualitative and
quantitative risk analysis to
Risk Response determine which, if any,
action should be taken if the
Planning risk occurs. Risk response
strategies include risk
avoidance, risk mitigation, risk
transference and risk
acceptance

The person owning
responsibility for
Risk Response monitoring a given risk
and implementing the
Owner risk response plan if
necessary

whereby the project team
allocates ownership of an
Risk Sharing opportunity to a third
party who is best able to
capture the benefit of
that opportunity

The level of risk
exposure above which
Risk Threshold risks are addressed and
below which risks may
be accepted

The degree of
uncertainty that an
Risk Tolerance organization or
individual is willing to
withstand

whereby the project
Risk team shifts the risk to a
third party, together
Transference with ownership of the
response

An event that tells a risk
Risk Trigger is about to occur or has
occurred

A technique for assessing
those risks that are likely
Risk Urgency to occur in the short
term, and prioritizing
Assessment those over risks that will
occur at a later time

An iterative planning
technique in which the
Rolling Wave work to be accomplished
in the near term is
Planning planned in detail, while
the work in the future is
planned at a higher level

An iterative planning
technique in which the
Rolling Wave work to be accomplished
in the near term is
Planning planned in detail, while
the work in the future is
planned at a higher level

The main reason a
Root Cause particular situation occurs

A guide fro determining when
a process many be out of
control in a control chart. If 7
consecutive data points
Rule of 7 appear above or below the
mean and within the control
limits, this indicates the
process is out of control or is
about to go out of control

The timeline for the
project including start
Schedule and end dates for project
activities

The approved version of
a schedule model that
Schedule can be changed using
formal change control
Baseline procedures and is used as
the basis for comparison
to actual results

A technique used to
shorten the schedule
Schedule duration without
reducing the project
Compression scope
Note: Methods to expedite the completion time of an activity
or project (e.g. fast tracking and crashing)

The collection of
information describing
Scheduled and controlling the
schedule, including the
Data schedule milestones,
activities, attributes, and
any contingency reserves

The process of
determining activity
Scheduled start and finish dates
and finalizing the
Development activity sequence and
durations to create
the schedule baseline

The date when the
activity is scheduled to
Scheduled be completed using
Finished Date the resource
constrained
(SF) scheduling process

A component of the
project or program
Schedule management plan that
establishes the criteria
Management and the activities for
Plan developing, monitoring,
and controlling the
schedule

An representation of the
plan for executing the
project’s activities, including
Schedule durations, dependencies,
and other planning
Model information, used to
produce a project schedule
along with other scheduling
artifacts

A process used to
Schedule investigate or analyze
the output of the
Model Analysis schedule model in order
to optimize the schedule

A technique to identify
Schedule early and late start dates,
as well as early and late
Network finish dates, for the
Analysis uncompleted portions of
project activities

Schedule A measure of schedule
efficiency expressed as
Performance the ratio of earned value
Index (SPI) to planned value
Note: Ratio of work completed to work planned.SPI = EV – PV

The date when the
activity is scheduled to
begin using the
Scheduled resource-constrained
scheduling process. This
Start Date date is equal to or
(SF) greater than the early
start date

A measure of schedule
Schedule efficiency expressed as
the ratio of earned value
Variance (SV) to planned value
Note: (1) Any difference between the scheduled completion
of an activity and the actual completion of that activity
(2) In earned value, BCWP less BCWS

The approved version of a
scope statement, work
breakdown structure (WBS),
and its associated WBS
Scope Baseline dictionary that can be
changed using formal change
control procedures and is
used as the basis for
comparison to actual results

Scope Change Controlling changes to
the project scope
Control

Scope Change A form submitted to
request a change to the
Request project scope

The process of breaking
down deliverables into
Scope Definition smaller components in
order to provide better
control

The uncontrolled
expansion to product or
Scope Creep project scope without
adjustments to time,
cost, and resources

A document that contains
the project requirements
and overall project
Scope Document direction. It should contain
the goals, deliverables,
budget, success criteria and
important milestones

The amount of work involved
to complete the project.
Includes identifying the
problem to be addressed by
the project including the goals
Scope of Work and objectives, measures of
success and risks, and
obstacles and assumptions that
may affect the project
outcome. Also known as
project scope

develop the scope
Scope Planning statement and
determine the work of
the project

A component of the
project or program
Scope management plan that
Management describes how the scope
will be defined,
Plan developed, monitored,
controlled, and validated

Documents the project
objectives, business
justification and goals. It
outlines the deliverables
Scope Statement that are to be included in
the project along with the
functional, business and
technical requirements

Formal acceptance by
Scope the stakeholders that
deliverables and work
Verification results are completed to
their satisfaction

A technique used to
indicate performance
S-Curve trends by using a graph
that displays cumulative
Analysis costs over a specific
time period

A risk that arises as a
Secondary direct result of
implementing a risk
Risk response

A mathematical
Sensitivity technique for
determining which parts
Analysis of the project are most
sensitivity to risk

Another term for Float.
The amount of time a
Slack task can be delayed
without delaying the
project’s completion

A proprietary approach to
quality management that
seeks to reduce defects and
errors to as close to zero as
Six Sigma possible. Named after 6
Standard Deviations, which
includes 99.999% of the
population

Another term for
Sigma Standard Deviation

Obtaining bids and
Solicitation proposals from
vendors

The process of
Solicitation identifying product
Planning requirements and
potential sources

Choosing a vendor for a
Source Selection needed product, service
or resource

A limit used on a control
chart outside of the control
limits set by the customer.
Specification Any product manufactured
outside either in the upper or
Limit lower specification limit will
not be accepted by the
customer

An individual or a group
that provides resources
and support for the
Sponsor project, program,
or portfolio, and is
accountable for
enabling success

A component of the
Staffing human resource plan that
describes when and how
Management team members will be
acquired and how long
Plan they will be needed

An individual, group, or
organization that may
affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be
Stakeholder affected by a decision,
activity, or outcome of
a project, program,
or portfolio

A technique for identifying
and documenting
Stakeholder stakeholders’ interests,
expectations, power,
Analysis influence and level of
engagement in the project

A register of all project
stakeholders and information
Stakeholder about their interest in the
project, the power they have
Register to influence the project, their
expectations, and how their
expectations will be managed

A component of the
Stakeholder that describes how
Management stakeholders will be
engaged in project
Plan decision making and
execution

A measurement about
Standard how widespread a
particular set of data is
Deviation from the mean

A logical relationship in
Start-to-Finish which a successor activity
cannot finish until a
dependency predecessor activity has
started

A logical relationship in
Start-to-Start which a successor activity
cannot start until a
dependency predecessor activity has
started

A document that
Statement of outlines the details and
requirements of the
Work (SOW) product or service being
procured

A tool for sampling a small
subset of a large population
Statistical and extrapolating the
results for the entire
Sampling population. Used when
testing the entire
population is not possible

Regularly scheduled
meetings that focus on a
Status Meetings particular project status
metric

A type of matrix
organization in which
the project manager has
most of the power and
Strong Matrix authority, and the
functional manager has
little power and
authority

An activity that is
Subtask contained within a
supertask

An activity that is on
the same network
Successor diagram path and occurs
after another activity

A dependent activity
Successor that logically comes
after another activity
Activity in a schedule

A group of related
Summary schedule activities
aggregated and
Activity displayed as a single
activity

An aggregate or summary
activity that contains one or
more activities (or
subtasks)such that no
Suppertask subtask can begin until the
supertask has begun and
the supertask cannot end
until all of the subtasks have
ended

A technique that analyses
the business strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities
SWOT Analysis and threats. It is used as
tool to define business
strategy

A date used to
constrain the start or
finish of an activity.
Target Date The type of constraint
is identified by an
alignment type

Creating an encouraging
environment for
Team stakeholders to contribute,
and developing the project
Development team into afunctional group
that enhances project
outcomes

The product
Technical characteristics that are
required for the product
Requirements to perform the
functional requirements

1) Initiating
The 5 Process 2) Planning
3) Executing
Groups 4) Monitoring &Control
5) Closing

A risk that would have
Threat a negative effect on
one or more project
objectives

A technique used to
estimate cost or duration by
applying an average or
Three-Point weighted average of
optimistic, pessimistic, and
Estimating most likely estimates when
there is uncertainty with the
individual activity estimates

A contract based on a
unit rate such as an
Time and hourly wage plus
reimbursement for
Material materials or other
Contract expenses incurred

The calendar date that
separates actual
Timenow Date (historical) data from
future (scheduled) data

Calculation of the time
required to complete an
activity or the project. It
may be obtained by
Time Estimate analogous estimating,
expert judgment or by using
an equation to calculate the
duration of the activity

A measure of the cost
performance that is achieved
with the remaining resources
To-Complete in order to meet a specified
management goal, expressed
Performance as the ratio of the cost to
finish the outstanding work to
Index (TCPI) the remaining budget
Explanation: The performance that must be achieved during the
remaining project to meet stated goals

A technique for estimating
the duration or cost based on
historical data from a similar
activity or project.
Top-Down A percentage of the similar
project’s total cost may be
Estimating added to–or subtracted from–
the total, depending on the
size of the current project.
Also known as Analogous
estimating

The amount of time that a
schedule activity can be
Total Float delayed or extended from
its early start date without
(TF) delaying the project finish
date or violating a schedule
constraint

A tool for showing the
systematic breakdown of
concepts or issues. Used a
quality management tool.
Tree Diagram Also a generic term for
breakdown structures such as
work breakdown structure
and organizational breakdown
structure

An analytical technique
that uses mathematical
Trend Analysis models to forecast future
outcomes based on
historical results

An event or situation
Trigger that indicates that a
risk is about to occur

The link between the
Triple Constraint project constraints of
time, cost and quality

A theory that describes
Tuckman’s 5- the 5 stages that a team
goes through: forming,
Stage of Team storming, norming,
Development performing, and
adjourning

Sample: The contractor is
paid a preset amount per unit
of service (for example $60
Unit Price per hour for professional
services or $1.09 per cubic
Contract yard of earth removed) and
the total value of the contract
is a function of the quantities
needed to complete the work

Validated A change that has been
acted on and checked
Change for accuracy

Process of formalizing
acceptance of the
Validate Scope completed project
deliverables

Creative approach used to
optimized project Life-Cycle
Value costs, save time, improve
quality, solve problems, or
Engineering use resources more
effectively

The difference
Variance between actual and
planned values

A technique for determining
the cause and degree of
difference between the
Variance baseline and actual
performance. See also cost
Analysis variance (CV), schedule
variance (SV), and variance
at completion

A projection of the amount
Variance at of budget deficit or surplus,
expressed as the difference
Completion between the budget at
completion and the
(VAC) estimate at completion

A deliverable that has
previously been verified and
Verified has been checked with
stakeholders to make sure
Deliverable that it meets stakeholders’
requirements and
expectations

Individuals in different
reporting structures,
departments, locations or
Virtual Team organizations working
together on the same
project

A theory stating that the
expectation of receiving a
Vroom’s reward for a certain
accomplishment will
Expectancy motivate people to work
harder, but this work only if
Theory the accomplishment is
perceived to be achievable

A room where team
members can work on
project activities with a
War Room minimum of external
interference, which helps
create a project identity
in matrix organizations

A document that
provides detailed
deliverable, activity, and
WBS Dictionary scheduling information
about each component in
the Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS)

A type of matrix
organization in which the
functional manager has
Weak Matrix much power and
authority than a project
manager

A mathematical average by
calculated by adding a set of
numbers and prescribing
Weighted different weights to each of
them, and then dividing by
Average the sum of the weights
given. It is used to calculate
3-point estimates

earned value in which the
Weighted budget value of a work
package is divided into
Milestone measurable segments, each
ending with a milestone
Method that is assigned a weighted
budget value

The process of
What-if Scenario evaluating scenarios in
order to predict their
Analysis effect on project
objectives

An immediate and
temporary response to an
issue for which a prior
Workaround response had not been
planned or was not
effective

Procedure for definition
Work how project work will be
authorized, ensures work
Authorization is done at the right time,
System by the right organization,
and in the right sequence

A hierarchical
decomposition of the
total scope of work to be
Work Breakdown carried out by the project
team to accomplish the
Structure (WBS) project objectives and
create the required
deliverables

Work The raw data gathered
Performance as part of observations
and inspections
Data

Work The representation of
the work performance
Performance information to
Reports stakeholders

The number of hours that
it would take a person to
Work Effort complete an activity if
they worked only on that
activity

The work defined at the
lowest level of the Work
Breakdown Structure
Work Package (WBS) for which cost and
duration can be
estimated and managed

One or more pairs of
on/off working times
Workshift that define the valid
working periods within
a single day

Connect with me
Twitter.com/donadosays
Linkedin.com/in/jonathandonado
www.branded.me/jonathandonado
Jonathan Donado
Bilingual senior general management
executive with expertise in international
business and Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A)
o Education:
- Senior Executive Fellow – Harvard University
-
o
MBA – IESE
Certifications:
THANK YOU
- Six Sigma Black Belt (CSSBB) – ASQ Certified
- Agile (ACP) – PMI Certified
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What are some of the project management terms defined in the document?

What are some of the project management terms defined in the document?

How are project deliverables validated according to the document?

How are project deliverables validated according to the document?

PMP® Exam

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Activity An activity typically has an

Also known as “Task”

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Method (ADM) connected at points called ”Nodes"

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