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Polymerization Techniques

The document discusses four types of polymerization: bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion. It provides details on the process, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of bulk and solution polymerization. Suspension polymerization involves dispersing the monomer in water using stabilizers to form polymer beads. The polymer product is then isolated from water.

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Jim Livingston
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682 views18 pages

Polymerization Techniques

The document discusses four types of polymerization: bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion. It provides details on the process, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of bulk and solution polymerization. Suspension polymerization involves dispersing the monomer in water using stabilizers to form polymer beads. The polymer product is then isolated from water.

Uploaded by

Jim Livingston
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types

– bulk polymerisation
– solution polymeriztion

– suspension polymerisation
– emulsion polymeriztion
Bulk polymerisation
• Monomer – liquid
• Initiator - dissolved in monomer
• Chain transfer agent – dissolved in monomer

• The reaction mass is then heated or exposed to


radiation for polymerisation.
Advantages
• The system is simple
• The polymer obtained is pure.
• Product can be used directly
• High molecular weight and broad
molecular weight distribution.
Disadvaantages
• High viscosity
• Broad molecular weight distribution.
• ‘autoacceleration’ may occur.
• Highly exothermic.
Autoacceleration/gel effect
• a dangerous reaction behavior that can occur in free-radical
polymerization systems. It is due to the localized increases in
viscosity of the polymerizing system that slow termination
reactions.
Applications
• Used for ethylene, styrene, methyl
methacrylate to get molding powders.
• PVC sheets.
Solution polymerisation
• suitable “inert” solvent
• Monomer – dissolved in solvent
• Initiator - dissolved in solvent
• Chain transfer agent – dissolved in solvent
• Removal of polymer – evaporation or precipitation from
non-solvent.
Advantages
• Stirring is easy because the solution is
low viscous
• Heat transfer is easy due to presence of
solvent
• The product obtained is in liquid form and
can be directly used for applications such
as adhesives
• Easy removal of polymer
Disadvantages
• rate of polymerization is low
• Complete removal of solvent is more
difficult
• Polymer obtained is Impure
• high molecular weight polymers
cannot be formed
Applications
• Widely used for coating and adhesives.
• Industrial production of PAN by free radical polymerization
• Polyisobutylene by cationic polymerization use this
technique
Suspension polymerization
• monomer – dispersed in water
• Intiator - dissolved in monomer
• Stabilize the dispersion with stabilizers (PVA or
methyl cellulose)
• Polymerize the monomer
• Polymer is formed as a granular bead.
• product formed being insoluble in water
• also known as Pearl polymerization / Granular
polymerization / Bead polymerization.
Advantages
• Product isolation is easy since the product
is insoluble in water.
• Agitation & temperature control is easy.
• Viscosity increase is negligible.
• The process is comparatively cheap as it
involves only water instead of solvents.
Disadvantages
• can be adopted only for water insoluble
monomers.
• The method cannot be used for tacky
polymers such as elastomers because of
the tendency for agglomeration of
polymer particles.
• Requires long time for very high
conversions
Applications
• Expandable polystyrene beads.
• styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer beads used in preparation
of ion exchange resins are produced.
• PVA beads are produced by this technique using free radical
initiators.

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