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    Wastewater Treatment: D. Jim Livingston Asst. Prof. of Chemistry

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    Jim Livingston
    The first unit operation generally encountered in wastewater treatment plants is preliminary treatment.

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    Wastewater Treatment: D. Jim Livingston Asst. Prof. of Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Jim Livingston
    295 views22 pages
    The first unit operation generally encountered in wastewater treatment plants is preliminary treatment.

    Original Title

    Wastewater

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    The first unit operation generally encountered in wastewater treatment plants is preliminary treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    295 views22 pages

    Wastewater Treatment: D. Jim Livingston Asst. Prof. of Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Jim Livingston
    The first unit operation generally encountered in wastewater treatment plants is preliminary treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Wastewater Treatment

    D. JIM LIVINGSTON
    Asst. Prof. of Chemistry.
    Where does it all go!
    Where does the When you flush the
    water from the toilet where does
    washer go? the contents go?

    By gravity flow, the waste is on its way


    to your local wastewater treatment plant!
    What is wastewater
    treatment
    • Process of removing contaminants from
    wastewater, both runoff and domestic
    Phosphorus is the major agent triggering
    eutrophication (algeal blooms) in freshwaters

    4
    www.umb.no
    Nitrogen can cause algea
    growth in freshwater in
    alpine regions

    5
    www.umb.no
    Refractory Organics
    Pathogens
    Biodegradable
    organics
    Priority Pollutants
    • Priority Pollutants refer to a list of 126
    specific pollutants that includes heavy
    metals and specific organic chemicals.
    • The priority pollutants are a subset of
    "toxic pollutants" as defined in the
    Clean Water Act (USA)
    Suspended solids
    • Suspended solids refers to small solid
    particles which remain as suspension in
    water as a colloid or due to the motion
    of the water
    Why treat wastewater?
    • Causes a demand for dissolved oxygen
    (lower DO levels of streams)

    • Adds nutrients (nitrate and phosphate)


    to cause excessive growth

    • Increases suspended solids or sediments


    in streams (turbidity increase)
    Goals
    • To produce waste stream (effluent)
    • To produce solid waste (sludge)
    • To discharge or reuse them back into
    the environment
    The objectives of sewage treatment will always
    include the reduction of the concentration of
    different contaminants.
    Methods of Removal

    The contaminants in wastewater are removed by


    different unit processes:

     Physical (sedimetation, flotation, screening,


    filtration)
     Biological (trickling filters, RBC, activated sludge)
     Chemical (chemical precipitation, ozonation,
    chlorination)

    14

    www.umb.no
    stages of water treatment
    • Preliminary Treatment
    • Primary Treatment
    • solids are separated

    • Secondary Treatment
    • dissolved biological matter is converted into a solid mass by
    using water-borne bacteria
    • 95% of the suspended molecules should be removed

    • Tertiary Treatment
    • biological solids are neutralized then disposed, and treated
    water may be disinfected chemically or physically
    Preliminary Treatment
    • Removal of large objects
    • Ex: sticks, toilet paper,
    • Removal of floating materials
    • Ex: leaves, papers, rags
    • Removal of fats, oils, and greases
    (aka FOG)
    Equipments used in pre
    treatment
    • Screeners

    • Grit Chambers

    • Skimming Tanks
    Screeners
    • To remove the floating materials and
    suspended particles

    • coarse screen
    • larger openings (75-150 mm)
    Medium Screen

    • 20-50 mm opening
    Fine screens

    • less than 20 mm size.


    • used to remove fine solids
    Grit Chambers
    • Grit chambers are long narrow tanks that are
    designed to slow down the flow of wastewater.
    • In doing so, heavy materials (specific gravity 2.4-2.7)
    like sand, ash and others can be removed.
    • This technique is based on the process of
    sedimentation due to gravitational forces.
    • Grit chambers may be kept either before or after
    the screens.
    Skimming Tanks
    • used to remove floating substances like grease, oil, fats, soap,
    fruit skins etc
    • When the flow enters the skimming tank, these floating matters
    will rises and remains in the surface of wastewater and
    subsequently removed. The clear wastewater is removed either
    through an outlet places in the bottom of tank or through
    partitions given at the bottom sidewalls.

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