Perspective Drawing 11-04-17 Modify

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PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

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PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PERSPECTIVE
DRAWING
• Perspective drawing can be defined as a drawing
representing the structure as it will look after it is
completely built.
• It is the curiosity of each and every owner to see the
structure in advance how it would be look after
completion. With this curiosity of owner it is the job of
architect or engineer to draw the view of completed
structure after plan and elevation in such manner that
it gives the actual look of structure.
• Perspective drawing convey the idea about overall look
of building. This deal with all aspect of perspective
drawing
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The various terms used in perspective drawing are
• Ground line (G.L): The line of intersection of the picture plane with the ground is
called ground line. It is the level on which the object is supposed to stand or placed.
• Horizontal line (HL) : It is the line of intersection of the horizontal plane with picture
plane .
• Horizontal plane (HP ) : It is the imaginary plane at the level of eye i.e. at the station
point . It is the Horizontal plane, above the ground line and perpendicular to the
picture plane.
• Station point (SP) : It is the point where the eye of the observer is located while
viewing the object that is it is the point where the observer is considered to be
standing.
• Picture plane (PP ) : It is the imaginary, transparent plane which is between station
point ( observer ) and the object, to be viewed . It is plane on which perspective is
formed.
• Center of vision (CV) : The point in which the perpendicular axis of vision pierces the
picture plane is called Center of vision. It lies on horizontal line.
• Axis of vision (AV) : It is line drawn through the station point, perpendicular to picture
plane. It is also called as line of sight.
• Vanishing points left and right (VPL & VPR) : This is a point at which system of parallel
lines of the object inclined to picture plane appear to converge. These point lies on
eye level line.
• Measure line (ML) : A line of the object lying in a picture plane which gives the true
length or a line of intersection of the picture plane and any face of the object
imagined to project would serve the purpose of reference to scale and size, such line is
known as measured line.
The various terms used in perspective
drawing are
• Eye level (E.L.): It is line above GL, representing the
level of the observer’s eye. If not given, it should be
taken between 1.2 to 1.8 m. On this level vanishing
points are lies.
• True height line : It is the line on which true height of
the object is drawn. If a corner of the plan touches the
picture plane, then vertically downward projection
from this corner will give the true height line.if not,
then that surface is extended from the tilted plan to
meet the PP and vertical projector from that point is
taken as true height line .
The various terms used in perspective
drawing are
• Vertical traces left and right (VTL and VTR): The
points where lines parallel to the sides of the
tilted plan drawn through the station point cut
the picture plane on the left and right
• Vanishing points, left and right (VPL, VPR): These
are the points where vertically downward
projectors from left and right vertical traces (i.e.
from VTL and VTR) intersect the eye-level.
principle of Perspective Drawing?
• Whenever any object is nearer to the observer or the camera, it subtends
a large angle at the eye or the lens, hence forms a large image.
• Whenever any object is farther than a similar object , it subtends small
angle at the eye or the lens, and hence forms a smaller image .
• When the tree is at a very great distance, say on the horizon or at infinity,
then it will form an image with zero height. That is its height will vanish in
a point . this is the concept of vanishing point.
• Distant objects of the same size make smaller and smaller angles ,at the
eye or the lens of a camera.
• An observer standing between rails, where the distance between two rails,
, the height of the poles, the distance between the two overhead cables,
all vanish into one point on the horizon. This type of perspective is known
as one-point perspective.
Width of railway track, width of overhead wires, height of poles, height of
building, all appear to decrease and become zero at a point on the
horizon, situated at infinity distance.
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING Perspective drawing

Perspective of highway and railway line

Source: Building Drawing Second Edition by M. G. Shah C. M. Kale & S. Y. Patki 8

DTEL 8
: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
Necessity/uses of perspective drawing
• Its necessity can be studied from the requirements of the
following two agencies
1) Architect or planner: The perspective drawing serves as
a valuable tool in the hands of an architect to express his
ideas in the best realistic way. The main aim of the
architect for preparing the perspective drawing is to
represent some of the objective in such a way that other
person can visualize it.
2) Client of owner of the property: The real need of client
or owner of property is to visualize his project in the most
realistic way even before the work has been commenced.

DTEL 9
Necessity of perspective Drawing ?
• Perspective drawing is necessary as it gives an idea about
the outward looks of any building plan or any object which
is completely built .
• It helps in planning elevation treatment for architectural
beauty.
• It helps in landscaping around the structure.
• It is required in interior decoration, especially, the one –
point perspective is used for interior layout.
• It is required for modeling.
• It is required to print brochures of any residential scheme
or building scheme, showing the photograph of the
scheme, even before work is started on that scheme.
• To get perfect idea of view which is to be construct or built.
One-point perspective.
• This is the type of perspective. in which there is
only one vanishing point. All the dimensions i.e.
length, breadth and height of an object become
zero at this point.

• This type of perspective is useful in interior


decoration as it gives uninterrupted view of five
sides that is 3 walls, floor and ceiling of a room out
of the six sides.

• All the lines perpendicular to observer will vanish


to one point known as the “Center of Vision” which
is in line with the Station point.
Two –point perspective
• When length and breadth of an object are imagined to vanish in
two point, one to the left and other to the right of the observer, it is
known as two –point perspective. Normally eye level is taken
between 1.8m to 2.0m from ground line. By changing height of the
eye-level, bird’s view, Worm’s view can be obtain.
• This is the most common method used in building drawing.

• There are two types:

• (a) 30-60 perspective: When the sides of the plan make angles of
30and 60 with the picture plane

• (b) 40-50 perspective: When the sides of the plan make angles of
40 and 50 respectively, with the picture plane.
• In two point perspective, vertical edges of the object do not
converge to a point but remain parallel to each other.
Three –point perspective
• In this type of Perspective three vanishing points are
used one on left, second on right, and third is on top or
bottom.

• It is a type of perspective in which all the three


dimensions, i.e. length width and height of an object
converge towards three separate vanishing point.

• This type of drawing is more useful in mechanical


engineering to show exploded views of machine parts
or different assemblies and also for high rise buildings.
Draw two point perspective of given fig.
Eye level = 1.5 m above the G.L.
TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE VIEW
(Scale = 1:100)
ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
Draw the two point perspective view of a small object shown in
fig.Retain all construction lines. Take eye level at 1.50 m above G.L. All
dimensions are in ‘M’. Assume any data if required.
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
(SCALE = 1:50)

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