D

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INTERIOR LANDSCAPE
S
Its elements And TheirImpact
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A HINDU SCHOOL OF
ARCHITECTURE

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I GUIDE: AR. BRIJESH KR. YADAV
SUBMITTED BY:
O GURPREET KAUR
140250060 28

N
A
I take this opportunity to express my profound
C gratitude and deep regards to my guide, AR. BRIJESH
KR. YADAV, for his exemplary guidance, monitoring
K and constant encouragement throughout the course
of this dissertation. The blessing, help and guidance
N given by his time to time shall carry me a long way in
the journey of life on which I am about to embark.

O
I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense
W of gratitude to my college, HINDU SCHOOL OF
ARCHITECTURE, for the valuable information and
L guidance, which helped me in completing this task
through various stages.
R
I am obliged to college teachers for the valuable
D information provided by them in their respective
fields. I am grateful for their cooperation during the
G period of my assignment.

E And finally, I would like to thank my family that was

always behind me whenever I needed them.
M
E
GURPREET KAUR
N
T
 This is to certify that the dissertation entitled
C INTERIOR LANDSCAPING, is submitted as a part of 5-
year undergraduate B.ARCH programme in
E architecture at HINDU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE,
and is a record of the bonafide work carried out by
R him under my guidance.

T The content included in this dissertation has not

been submitted to any other university/institute for
award of any other degree or diploma.
I
F GURPREET KAUR

I
C
A AR.BRIJESH KR. YADAV

T
(Guide)
E
CONTENT

I. ABSTRACT 1
II. DOMAIN i. Introduction 2
ii. Aim 3
iii. Objective 3
iv. Need Of The Study 3
v. Scope Of The Study 3
vi. Limitation Of The Study 4
vii. Methodology 4
viii. Advantages 5-6
ix. Disadvantages 7
x. Importance Of Interior Landscape 8-9
xi. Interior Landscape In Early Period 10-12

III. LITERATURE i. Various Aspects Of Interior 13-21

REVIEW Landscaping 22
ii. Benefits Of Landscaping Interior 23-25
Spaces With Plants And Gardens
iii. Aspects Of Landscaping With Plants 26
And Garden
iv. Role Of Light In Interior Landscape 27-29
v. Literature study - I 30-32
vi. Literature study - II

IV. CASE STUDY i. Corporate Office For India Glycols, 33-36

Noida 37-41
ii. N85 Residence In New Delhi
V. CONCLUSION 42
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Interior Landscaping can enhance the atmosphere and image of
both public and private spaces. From corporate lobbies to
individual offices Interior Landscaping bring forth the freshness
of outdoors, boosting morale and productivity of employees
and visitors alike in a commercial or any other type of building.
Interior Landscaping have practical benefits in the workplace
such as indoor contaminants from seemingly benign sources
such as furniture, drapes, insulation and carpets can cause a
variety of complaints like respiratory irritation, dizziness,
headaches, skin rashes, nausea and vomiting thus, by placing
green plants we can filter the air.

From other side plants are Toxin absorption by reducing the

level of harmful chemicals such as trichloroethylene (TCE),
benzene and formaldehyde which are ingredient in painting
inks, prints, lacquers, varnishes and adhesives and from
psychological point of view plants reduce physical and mental
stress, cause us to relax and improve our health. Green is a color
of peace and serenity.

Interior landscape is enhancing the indoor environment by

making it more aesthetically pleasing and perceptually
stimulating. They not only provide natural health enhancing
benefits but play an important role in projecting a quality for
the specific building.

The design and installation of green plants in an indoor

environment needs experience to bring the real natural world
inside and to make our dreams into reality. After a successful
design and installation, plant care and maintenance, watering,
growth and fertilization, pruning and trimming, insects and
disease control, etc. are important issues to be considered

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 1
D
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i. Introduction

Architecture when considered has an integral aspect-

Landscaping.
Landscaping is of two types depending on the zones where it has
been applied-
Exterior landscaping and Interior Landscaping.
Thus, Interior Landscaping refers to landscaping of enclosed
interior spaces with various landscape elements to enhance the
interior space.
Interior landscaping is not very frequently seen and has utmost
importance in improving the mood quality , increase the person’s
productivity, boost his morale and make him efficient.

Since while constructing buildings such as offices, banks,

shopping malls, hospitals, etc. for our use and work in, we have
always tried to speed up work in our interior environment
however from another aspect as technology is progressing
everyday with its advantages and disadvantages effected human’s
life in working environments. Thus, to reduce these disadvantages
such as stresses and toxic gases which are created during work
there can be a better solution to provide interior landscape within
buildings to bring the beautiful natural landscape inside and to
increase work efficiency and to strengthen the quality of work.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 2
ii. Aim
To justify the importance of Interior Landscape in an interior space

iii. Objective
To study the impact of interior landscaping on the interior space and
the person residing in the space.

iv. Need Of The Study

The concept of interior landscaping, just like outdoor landscaping,
entails the usage of shrubbery, horticultural plants and all the other
natural elements. The main difference is its location. Green plants
have always been an important part of the ecosystem in eliminating
carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. They also lend a sense of calm
and scenic beauty to any place. In interior landscape a specific focal
point is all about where to lay the emphasis. It can be achieved by
using a plant or any landscape object like a fountain. The whole
idea is to highlight a particular area and build symmetry around it
using different objects. Today, interior landscape has become an
indispensable part of interior design across residential and
commercial spaces.

v. Scope
The scope of the study is to gather knowledge on various
elements of Interior Landscape and their impact in the interior
space and justify its importance in the interior spaces. The study is
based on the need of interior landscape in a building through
design process, type of species for, installation, and maintenance,
etc. which can be summarized by different case studies showing its
impacts.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 3
vi. Limitation Of The Study
There are several limitations to this study as well. The biggest
limitation and challenge was that this specific topic does not
belong to a single concept. In other word this subject is not
ecological, green architecture, environmental nor it is not about re-
cycling. Despite the fact that all of these fields are inter-related, the
topic of this research belongs to all at the same time, yet without
focusing on a single one of these inter-related topics. Thus the
study can be seen as a pioneering research in future due to the
multidisciplinary nature of the topic. Clarification of terminology
was one of the biggest limitations of this study. However,
specifying this terminology became a limitation when it had to be
done through discourse analysis. Thus, separating discourse
analysis from literature review and clarifying the terminology based
on that analysis were the two most important limitations of the
study.
vii. Methodology

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 4
viii. Advantages Of Interior Landscape:
Air Filtration
Psychological effect
Energy Efficiency New
Image

AIR FILTRATION :
Landscaping elements(plants) have a beneficial effect of
absorbing the harmful contaminants in the air.
Various plants have been found to be effective in reducing the
level of harmful chemicals such as trichloroethylene (TCE), benzene
and formaldehyde. TCE is used in metal degreasing and dry
cleaning industries and is an ingredient in painting inks, prints,
lacquers, varnishes and adhesives. TCE is a potent carcinogenic.
Plants remove toxins from air – up to 87 percent of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) every 24 hours, according to NASA research.
VOCs include substances like formaldehyde (present in rugs, vinyl,
cigarette smoke and grocery bags), benzene and trichloroethylene
(both found in man-made fibers, inks, solvents and paint). Benzene
is commonly found in high concentrations in study settings, where
books and printed papers abound.
Modern climate-controlled, air-tight buildings trap VOCs inside.
The NASA research discovered that plants purify that trapped air
by pulling contaminants into soil, where root zone microorganisms
convert VOCs into food for the plant.

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT:
Science have proves that landscaping in an interior creates an
environment of peace and serenity. Interior landscaping improves
the personal environment by making our work areas and buildings
more aesthetically pleasing and perceptually stimulating.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 5
 Landscaping elements can also teach us a thing or two about
empathy. Caring for plants can help you increase compassion and
improve your relationships.
Touching soft and smooth plants may also make you feel
calmer, according to the book Holistic Solutions for Anxiety &
Depression.
Thus, ideally it would have positive impact on psychology of
the person.
Flowers are associated with positive events and can act as a
mood enhancer keeping plants indoors may also be a natural life
hack. After all, we can only stare at a spreadsheet for so long
before productivity decreases. Having a piece of Mother Nature to
look at our desk could regenerate our attention and keep our
senses and brain going.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY :
A well-designed landscape not only can add beauty to your
home but also can reduce your heating and cooling costs. A well-
placed tree, shrub, or vine can deliver effective shade, act as a
windbreak, and reduce your energy bills. Carefully positioned
trees can save up to 25% of the energy a typical household uses.
Energy efficient landscaping has additional benefits such as
lower maintenance costs, a reduction in water use, a quieter
home and cleaner air.
An energy efficient landscape looks different depending on
where you live. A desert home in Arizona will obviously be
different than a home in upstate New York or Seattle.

ENHANCING OF INTERIOR SPACE IMAGE :

Landscaping not only provide natural health enhancing
benefits but play an important part in projecting a quality
company image.
It converts a dead interior space into an aesthetically more
appealing space and gives that space a completely new image.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 6
 ix. Disadvantages Of Interior Landscape:

Time
Transportation problem
Expensive
Maintenance

TIME:
Interior Landscaping is a time taking process. It takes a lot of
time for the installation of various landscaping elements in the
interior space.

TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM:
Carrying plants and materials like fountains etc from outdoor to
indoor needs proper care, control, and treatments. This creates
problem of transportation.

EXPENSIVE :
The process of landscaping an interior space is never easy on
,money. It takes a lot of money for landscaping an interior at
various stages from transportation to installation to
maintenance.
Thus, interior landscaping has been an expensive process.

MAINTENANCE:
Once installed , the elements have to be maintained at
regular intervals. like for plants, regular and spraying of
pesticides and watering is required. For water based elements,
regular changing or cleaning of water is required.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 7
x. Importance Of Interior Landscape
The best way to understand its importance is by
comparing interior spaces without landscaping with those landscaped.

BEFORE AFTER
Spaces without landscaping looks less appealing compared to those
which have landscaped interior spaces. These spaces appear more of as
dead interiors spaces ; as with landscaping , a space comes becomes a
lively space as Landscaping gives life to the interior space.
In today’s everyday work life in offices, hospitals, multiplexes, and malls ,
being in the same place makes us bore and tired but with some changes
in interior spaces we will realize change in the environment and human
conditions. On the other hand the look which interior landscape creates
for the an interior is better than a interior environment without having
any landscape and even the human can feel a eternal counterparts with
themselves.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 8
Though the interior landscape create hundreds of thousands of benefits
for human health, only some of them are discovered out of these.
interior landscape can improve the work efficiency of staffs and they can
improve the interior aesthetic and give life to other elements in the
interior environment. They can bring the feel of outside to inside while
people are residing.

Since we are constructing buildings such as offices, banks, shopping

malls, hospitals, etc. for our use and work in, we have always tried
to speed up work in our office environment however from another
aspect as technology is progressing everyday with its advantages
and disadvantages effected human’s life in working environments.
Thus, to reduce these disadvantages such as stresses and toxic
gases which are created during work there can be a better solution
to provide interior landscape within buildings to bring the beautiful
natural landscape inside and to increase work efficiency and to
strengthen the quality of work.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 9
ix. Interior Landscape In Early Period Architecture :

PLANT USED IN ANCIENT TIMES

•Plants were first used for purely practical purposes, for their
nutritional and medicinal qualities.
•More than 3,000 years ago — they were also being used
decoratively.
•Images of potted plants are found on walls of tombs and ruins in
Egypt, Greece, Italy, China, India, Iraq, and other sites of ancient
civilizations. In the ruins of Pompeii there is evidence that plants
were grown indoors in terra cotta pots.
•But Pompeii is not necessarily the oldest example of indoor
gardening.

INDOOR GARDENING BEGINS

The style of indoor gardening which we would be more likely
to recognize today, and which was the forerunner of indoor
gardening in the Victorian age, had its start during the 1700s,
at which time more than 5,000 exotic plant species had been
introduced to the people of England, who housed these
temperamental beauties in temperature-controlled
greenhouses. At that time, the Americans were not terribly
interested in exotics and it was not until the late 1700s that the
first hothouse for tropical plants was built in the United States.
Gardening in general was in its hey-day at this time. It was big
business and it was a big hobby. New varieties of plants were
being cultivated by master gardeners, and gardening itself was
considered a worthy and respectable pursuit of the aristocrats
of the time.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 10
 20TH CENTURY INTERIOR LANDSCAPING
In the early 20th century, indoor gardening became far less
popular than in the previous century. Although the electric light
had been invented by that time and was therefore providing
superior illumination in comparison to gas lighting, central heating
had lowered the humidity of indoor environments, and that made
it more difficult to maintain plants indoors. About the only plants
that could still be effectively grown indoors were palms, and you
could only have so many of them in one house. Foliage plants
were also difficult to obtain during that time and cut flowers were
inexpensive substitutes.
During the 1930s and the
Great Depression,
houseplants again
experienced a revival, this
time in the form of dish
gardens. Some homes had
a few plants here or there,
but the lushly adorned
indoor gardens of the
previous century were still a
few decades away.
INTERIOR LANDSCAPE BOOM OF THE 1970S
In the 1970s, the interior landscape industry took a giant leap
forward as the trend for indoor plants grew, and seemingly
everyone wanted plants in their homes and offices. Anyone with a
green thumb and a water bucket was "in business." It was the era
of the "plant lady" and the "plant man." Macramé hangers,
decorative baskets, and palm trees were sold on street corners by
enterprising "hippie" types.
The 1970s was also a time when the energy crisis was forcing
builders to turn to more energy efficient products for
construction. These materials were largely carcinogenic and
contained, among other things, the EPA's top three culprits:
trichloroethylene, benzene, and formaldehyde.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 11
 INTERIOR LANDSCAPING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
But, after all that effort in finding these plants, and after they are
brought back to the United States, they must be reproduced and
grown in greenhouses and later acclimated to grow under less
ideal conditions, such as those found in homes and offices. This
is a long process which takes about two years or more to
complete. And, of the many new plant varieties brought into the
United States, only about 20 to 25 percent actually survive. The
plants which are chosen for development are selected based on
the response of consumers. Everyone has decidedly different
tastes, but most consumers prefer plants that are not
overwhelming in size. For this reason, growers work at
developing plants with elaborate foliage and a small, compact
shape.
Most of the plants we use in the interior landscape today are not
native to the areas in which they are currently being grown, and
most of the plants being grown for sale are not found in nature
at all. Today's interior plants are bred in greenhouses to be more
colorful and attractive, to live in artificial environments, to be
more resistant to pests and diseases, and to be more tolerant of
low lighting conditions.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 12
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i Various Aspects of Interior Landscaping:

1. PLANTS:
One of the most commonly used landscaping element (Interior
Landscaping are plants.
An interior space can be landscaped through the arrangement of
specific type of plants

Interior Landscaping with Plants :

Decorating our home with plants can be very easy and does not
need for second thoughts. Plants are very versatile that they can
be placed at any corner and area or space of your home. Here are
some ideas on how to incorporate plants to your interior decor:

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 13
PLANTS IN CORRIDOR DECORATION :
Since the hallways are passages
that leads to the entrance or exit
then it should also be decorated.
Containing this area with fresh
plants and blooming flowers
would look very inviting for your
guests .
PLANTS AS SPACE FILLER :
There are certain corners in our
interiors that don’t just fit with a
piece of furniture. In this case, we
can just place a plant behind
chairs. But remember to choose a
larger size to fully occupy the
whole space/corner. This is most
useful when you have limited
space thus making the room look
closer and larger without being
crammed full.
HANGING PLANTS :
With limited space in interior,
hanging plants would be an
alternative idea. Through this
way all the remaining spaces
can utilized and at the same
time it can brighten up the
area. And with the right choice
of plant it can even add color
to complicated dappled areas.
But be sure to secure it well to
get rid of accidents.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 14
USE IT ON WALLS :
To make interior grandiose and
more composed, plant wall is an
option. This can be perfect for
the any bare walls in your space
or walls of your pathway. Shape
and size.

DISPLAY AS CENTERPIECE :
A centerpiece is an important
decor that would complete the
look of all your interior space.
For the living room, it would be
ideal if we will choose blooming
leafy plants that would make
the room appear larger. While
some blossoming flowers for
the rest of the rooms that
would propose a relaxing
ambiance.
PLANTS AS DIVIDERS :
It cannot be avoided that
there are specific areas in our
interiors that are left unused
or vacant which may make us
feel that something’s missing
or the design is incomplete .
These spaces by setting up
dividers that will isolate
specific space for a more
intimate style using plants. In
this manner, natural privacy
would be acquired.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 15
 CREATE FOCAL POINT :
Nowadays, modern designing
would include trees to the
interior as a focal piece. There
are a lot of available indoor
trees that can sustain the
atmosphere inside your home.
Also, choose plants that are not
that sensitive and difficult to
grow just like fern tree and
bamboo tree.

2. GARDEN:
Indoor gardens, a garden in a planned space, indoors, set aside
for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other
forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and Man-
made materials.

Indoor gardening is becoming quite popular among urban

dwellers. And it’s no wonder as education about the many benefits
of gardening and plant life has been prolific as of late.
Depending on the interior spaces , indoor gardens can different
purposes:
• Commercial and Institutional : Ornamental Purpose
• Residential:: Ornamental and food material purpose

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 16
Interior Landscaping with Gardens :
Landscaping interior spaces with garden adds up to collective
benefits of various plants that are being in the gardens. Gardens can
be off various types in an interior space depending on its location.
VERTICAL GARDENS :
Vertical gardens are
vertically attached to the
exterior or interior of building.
The plants receive water and
nutrients from within the
vertical support instead of from
the ground. There is a layer of
air between the building and
the panels which enables the
building to ‘breath’.
This adds beneficial insulating properties and acts like rain-
screening to protect the building envelope.
PARADISE GARDENS :
Gardens aren’t just a form of
landscaping. To some, they’re a
refuge and a retreat from the
hassles of everyday life, a physical
embodiment of beauty, relaxation
and abundance and is echoed by
the form of garden known as
paradise gardens . The enclosure
keeps out unwanted plants and
blocks the outside world fromview.
Strong geometric motifs,
specifically rectangles and squares, are common stylistic features
of paradise gardens. Many paradise garden showcases water with
pools, ponds or streams

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 17
ZEN GARDEN :
The Japanese rock garden
often called a zen garden,
creates a miniature stylized
landscape through carefully
composed arrangements of
rocks, water features, moss,
pruned trees and bushes, and
uses gravel or sand that is
raked to represent ripples in
water.
SIMPLE GARDEN :
Simple gardens are
easily creatable gardens which
doesn’t take much of labor
and money compared to
other gardens. Flower Gardens
are an example of simple
gardens wherein flowering
plants are used to add colors
to image of the space.
Edible garden is another example wherein edible fruit and
vegetable plants are included. Such type of mostly be seen in
residential and commercial complexes.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 18
3.FOUTAINS :
Indoor fountains are gaining popularity all across the globe as they
add a lot of flare and style to a room. They are available in a wide
variety of sizes, materials, textures, colors, and styles – ranging from
sophisticated and rustic to the dramatic ones. Indoor fountains can
be small or large, with or without lighting and shiny or quiet.

MODERN FOUNTAINS THAT ARE BEING INSTALLED IN

INTERIOR SPACES

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 19
The use of fountains indoor has several benefits. Such as:
•It can make the atmosphere better, by the smoothing effect of the
fountain.
• It can act as a giant master piece in your room, grabbing
almost
everyone’s attention.
• The sound of fountain can help you improve your health and
mood.
Thus adding a fountain is the best thing that you can do to your
home. Indoor fountains bring nature indoors making your room
more lively and fresh.
Interior Landscaping with Fountains :
To cater the needs of their diverse customers, fountain
manufacturers have introduced several types of fountains, from
which you can, chose the one that suits you the best.
THE FLOOR FOUNTAIN:
The floor fountains are the classic fountains, which are usually huge
in size, but now can easily found in medium and even small size
floor fountains. They are made up of copper mostly, marble is also
used for the manufacturing of these fountains, use of marble and
glass makes them more fancy and suitable for some dramatic
situations.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 20
THE WALL HANGING FOUNTAINS:

These fountains can be hung on a wall, the fountain takes the

support from the wall therefore the wall must be strong and in
good condition too.
Wall mounted fountains are the most popular type. They are
generally rectangular in shape and can be vertical or horizontal
depending upon your preference. They are very easy to install and
can be mounted on any type of walls with the help of a bracket
system. Most of the wall mounted fountains have a bottom and top
panel made out of copper or steel. The bottom panel holds the
pump and the water and the water re-circulates and falls again on
the surface. The surface type is generally slate, marble, faux slate or
mirrored surface. With so many options, you have the liberty to mix
and match the surface type to achieve the desired look.
JAPANESE FOUNTAINS:
Japanese Style carries a wide selection of Slate, granite, and
bamboo fountains. The purpose of Japanese gardens is to bring
nature and balance into our busy, over worked lives. What better
way to represent the tranquility of the natural world than with
running water? These Japanese style fountains allow you to enjoy
the soothing sounds and movement of water in any size space.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 21
ii Benefits Of Landscaping Interior Spaces With Plants And
Gardens :

•Air filtration : Indoor contaminants from seemingly benign sources

such as furniture, drapes, insulation and carpets can cause a variety
of complaints such as respiratory irritation, dizziness, headaches,
skin rashes, nausea and vomiting. The good news is that an
attractive low cost solution does exist. Research conducted by the
NASA shows we can remedy the situation by placing living green
plants throughout the building to filter the air.
•Sick Building Syndrome : The switch from open windows to energy
efficient working environments and the advent of modern building
methodology and products, the result has been work places that
contain known amount of cancer causing chemicals.
The ability of living plants to filter the air in the areas that we work
can help the problems labeled as 'sick building syndrome.' Plants
effectively reduce the levels of a number of noxious gases found in
almost every Bank or office building.
•Psychological Effect: We are constantly bombarded with noise,
movement and visual complexity. Separately and together they can
overwhelm our senses. Because of their simplicity plants reduce
physical and mental stress, cause us to relax and improve our
health. Green is a colour of peace and serenity.
•Enhancing of Environment : People are becoming more and more
aware of their surroundings and the importance of preserving and
improving our environment. Interior landscaping improves the
personal environment by making our work areas and buildings
more aesthetically pleasing and perceptually stimulating.
•Enhancing of Interior Space Image : In the 21st century
organizations are increasingly aware of their company image which
includes their building interior and exteriors. After all this is often
the first impression that customers and visitors have of your
organization. Plants not only provide natural health enhancing
benefits but play an important part in projecting a quality
company image.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 22
iii. Aspects Of Landscaping With Plants/Gardens :

• Hiring of Landscape & Horticulture Technician:

For interior landscape of an interior space, we need landscape
architects to design a theme and the design should be in such a way
that the elements could fill voids, terminate or create frame views,
create visual screen, create space.
• Watering Levels :
Humidity, temperature, light, heating and air systems, plant container
sizes, and other variables all influence the amount of water needed
by each plant. Plants are consistently checked to insure both correct
watering levels and moisture levels. The amount of water needed by
indoor plants depends on a variety of factors:
 seasonal fluctuations governing the duration of daylight and
angle of the sun.
 the size, shape and orientation of windows.
 the size and amount of a plant’s foliage.
 the volume, composition, and porosity of the planting medium.
 the temperature and humidity of the interior space.
 and the general health of the plant.
• Plant Growth and Fertilizing :
A great deal of plant growth is usually not desirable. Therefore,
plants should be fertilized on a regular schedule at fairly low levers -
just
enough to keep your plants green and healthy.
•Pruning and Trimming of Plants :
Tropical plants continually shed old leaves and grow new ones.
yellow leaves disturbs the view and should be removed and as well
as trim browning tips. Occasionally the plants will require selected
pruning of branches and stems to keep your plants looking sculpted
and trimmed.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 23
• Insects and Disease Control :
Foliage plants are fair game to a wide variety of insect and disease
problems. Some, like spider mites, are microscopic and airborne,
making detection difficult. The solution for control is Horticultural
Technicians who are trained to recognize the early signs of these
problems during their weekly visits, and when insects or disease
appears, they will promptly take safe corrective actions.
• Landscape Cleaning
Plants gather dust, and plant containers often collect assorted
debris. Periodically the plants leaves are cleaned so they will always
look their best, absorb the available light, resist insect problems,
and stay healthy. Debris in plant containers should be removed too
before getting any
cause.
• Timely Live Plant Replacements
As part of the comprehensive care for the plants, a serious prompt
replacement of unacceptable plants should be provided for the old
plants with the newer one. though the goal is esthetic continuity,
so
landscaping plantings will maintain a uniform, attractive appearance.
• Light
Growing plants convert radiant energy (from daylight or electric
light sources) into food. Plants use radiant energy of wave lengths
in the 400 to 850 nanometer (nm) range. White light, the
visible part of the
radiant energy spectrum, consists of wave lengths in the 430 to 700
nm range. Light for plant growth is typically described in terms of
intensity, duration, and quality.
Intensity: the intensity of light or sunlight which the interior plants
receive shouldn’t be more or less it should be to the
plants requirement.
INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 24
Duration: the average photoperiod for plants is 8 to 12 hours of
darkness and 12 to 16 hours of light. If only minimum light intensity
is provided, optimum light duration must be provided.
Quality: Light quality refers to the type of radiant energy
available to plants. Natural light, which contains the entire spectrum
of visible plus ultraviolet and infrared wavelength, is ideal for plants
growth.
• Temperature, Humidity, and Air Quality
Plants requirements for air typically refer to temperature, relative
humidity, and air quality.
Temperature: Most plants prefer a stable range of temperatures,
with a drop of no more than 5°C (10°F) from daytime to night time
temperature.
Relative Humidity: Plants prefer a relative humidity of 35 to 50
percent but for tropical plants 60 to 90 percent relative humidity
should be provided. If the humidity is below or higher than 30
percent then plants require greater amount of water.
Air Quality: Plants require carbon dioxide to complete
photosynthesis.
• Planting Medium
The planting/ gardening medium, which may or may not contain
any soil, must accomplish three functions:
 Allow water and nutrients to  Light
reach the plant through the  Good quality material
roots  Eye catching and sometimes
 Allow oxygen to reach the shiny
roots  Having suitable size for the
 Anchor and give stability to plants rout
the plants  Long time durability for water
 Porous  Proper shape for the aesthetic
 Easy to drain purpose
 Capable of retaining water
 Low in soluble salts
INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 25
iv Role Of Light

Lighting and color are directly linked so they should be considered

together while designing a space. The effectiveness of the light or
the colors around or colors coming from the light is factors that
should all be considered while designing. However, considering
the subject of this study, it is possible to say that the most
important type of light is the natural light. Interior landscaping
should allow natural light reach indoors for a variety of reasons
but most importantly for human health. It is possible to see in the
illustrations below, the various ways (big windows, and skylight)
for allowing natural light indoors:

NATURAL LIGHT THROUGH WINDOWS OR SKYLIGHT

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 26
v. Literature Study -I

MAXIM INTEGRATED CORPORATE OFFICE, BENGALURU , INDIA

Architect: Ar.Amit Prakash & Zyteta Interio Pvt. Ltd.
Location: Bangalore, India

Maxim Integrated is an American , publicly traded company that

designs, manufactures and sells analog and mixed –signal
integrated circuits.
The brief was to create a unique space with more privacy still
collaborative types for 250 seats along with 5 different labs with
varying features.
Another interesting yet challenging input was to achieve Green
Standards and is the first USGBC certified Corporate office in
Bangalore
Design inspired from the
process of Manufacturing the
silicon wafers which provides a
bright vibrant color look to the
space.
Extensive use of plants has
been practiced to incorporate
green architecture in the
interior.
Both natural and artificial
plants have been wherever
required.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 27
 Vibrant color cubes enhance the interior space which is
accompanied with vibrant green colors plants been used

Breakout spaces have been provided between workstation for

impromptu meetings along with Circular pattern partitions which
represent wafers with Green urban carpet which sharp and blurred
to let imagination run wild.

Natural plants and vertical gardens are introduced at every point

in office to introduce a natural tinge at working environment and
to relish the professional image.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 28
INFERENCE:

Maxim Integrated Corporate office ; an American based trading

company is a good example of interior landscaping with plants in
India where interior landscaping has not yet gained much
popularity.
One of the drawback for this office that the interior designer has
limited the interior spaces' landscaping with plants and no traces
water based landscaping is visible. Even gardens have not been
given much priority.
Talking about the good points; the vibrant colour schemes been
used in the office blend well with the vibrant green colour of the
plants and this creates a completely new image for the interior
space.
Vertical gardens are also used in the interior ,which is something
new for the interior space but its usage is made to a limited extent.
People working in the office have responded well to use plants and
have given a positive review regarding its use in the interior.
Clean air to breathe, reduction in the levels of stress , feeling of
working in an open environment are some key benefits mentioned
by the people working.
With these positive effects came some negative review for this
plant based landscaping. After certain period of time, certain green
plants tend to dry and if not replaced on time , gives the office
interior a dull image.
Also time to time maintenance of these plants are required in the
form of trimming in case of growth, watering of plants, spraying of
pesticides on the plants in the interior (causes contamination of air
inside) and many diseases an allergy issues among the people.
Though a person has been assigned with this job , people working
there have reported that in his absence , things go worse. Thus, at
certain points, the natural plants have been replaces with artificial
plants reducing the negative issues to some extent.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 29
vi. Literature Study -II

3. POWERLINK QUEENSLAND EDISON BUILDING

Architect: Dennis Beitztects.
Location: Brisbane, Australia
Type of building: Electric Power Headquarter with landscaped
inside.

•Power link has experienced increase workplace productivity

through innovative design and implementation, and uplifting
cultural change and behavior in the workplace as a direct result of
the environment created in this building.
•The visionary working environment brings people and plants
together in a symbiotic relationship of calm office and rainforest
greenery. Central to the office is an 850 Sq.m landscaped atrium
surrounded by 2 levels of open plan office space.
•In this building selected species of plants are used to clean the air
and remove contaminates and generates positive ions into the
building environment. The extensive water features and plants are
an integral part of the air conditioning system, as all return air is
directed via the rainforest for cleaning, and humidity control
during its cycle.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 30
 Central Landscaped Atrium

An open offices are design

to have the total view
and benefits of the
inside landscape in the
atrium
Informal
meeting
areas are
scattered
around
the office
and
atrium
areas

Sky light is provided above the atrium for trees and

other species

Central Water body maintain the temperature and

humidity

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 31
Inference:

POWERLINK QUEENSLAND EDISON BUILDING, located in

Australia is one great example of a symbiotically related
structure between man and nature through the incorporation of
certain plants in their interior.

As mentioned before the various benefits of indoor plants, the

company has experienced all the benefits that they could get
from these plants from increased productivity to fresh air to
beautiful visual appearance of the building.

Also , apart from the green featured landscaping , they have

created way for water featured landscaping in the form of
small water bodies which helps in energy efficiency by the
controlling the temperature inside the structure.( The extensive
water features and plants are an integral part of the air
conditioning system, as all return air is directed via the
rainforest for cleaning, and humidity control during its cycle).

Over in all . Powerlink Queensland Edison Building is a great

example of interior landscaping with plant and water bodies ,
both being used extensively.

The drawback toward such structure is that the landscaping

elements are limited to an atrium only. Although , the
company is getting its share of benefits but it should give a
second thought of extending the landscaping elements to
more spaces so that every person working in that company
can have equal share into the benefits.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 32
C
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i. Corporate Office For India Glycols, Noida

ARCHITECT: AR. MANIT RASTOGI, MORPHOGENESIS, DELHI

Location: New Delhi, India Built-up-area: 3,91,700 sq.ft
Type of building: corporate office Climate: Composite
Summary of Building:

•The office design for the corporate office for India Glycols
embodies the issues concerning the workplace today, and
explores the paradigm of the office space as a social activity.
•Conceived as a solid perimeter scheme with a more fluid
interior, the morphology blurs the interface between the inside
and outside. The underlying principle was that „The work place
should manifest itself as a more flexible and integral part of an
employee's life rather than a separate entity of specified hours
of confinement. Rhythmic articulation of volumes and spaces
generates a scheme that is a radical departure from the
structured differentiated spaces of the traditional office and
the monotony of the open plan halls that have dominated
office planning.
• Sited in a non-contextual suburban area of Delhi, the setting,
led to the development of an introverted scheme that would
address environmental and socio-economic issues from first
principles.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 33
 GROUND FLOOR
•Ground floor consists of a
gymnasium, multi-purpose hall
and the allied recreation activity
areas.
•In accordance to these
recreational areas, rain-water
harvesting bodies are planned
centrally.

•Series of trees are planted in the pits.

•Rain water is used for the irrigation purpose of plantation.

Section through water body

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 34
 FIRST FLOOR
•First floor consists of office space and
conference hall.
• These spaces opens in the
courtyards having plantations and
water body.
• The plantations are planned in
accordance with the working staff.
• The principle of the work place is “
the work place should manifest itself
as a more flexible and integral part of
an employee's life rather than a separate entity of specified hours
of commitment.”

ROOF GARDEN REDUCE THE SOLAR RADIATION ABSORPTION

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 35
SECOND FLOOR
•Second floor also consists
of office space and
conference spaces, which
faces the plantations and
water bodies.
•The entire building is
naturally insulated by roof
garden and plantations.

ROOF GARDEN REDUCE THE SOLAR RADIATION ABSORPTION

Roof Garden

Section

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 36
ii. N85 Residence In New Delhi
The 85 Residence is located in New Delhi, the capital of India.
The challenge of the project was to create a structure that would
house three generations of people, so not only did they have to
build a family house, but a place for a small community. The
result was as expected: a spacious, all-equipped residence, with
plenty of green spaces and areas for relaxation and
entertainment.

The Rastogi’s share the home, which is in the upscale

neighbourhood of Panchsheel Park, just minutes from one of
the busiest arteries that rings the city of New Delhi.

Stone, wood, concrete, glass, water (a lap pool fed by harvested

rain water runs the length of the terrace on the second floor),
lighting, and nature are all part of the interlocking patterns that
make up the whole.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 37
 A house for three
generations and many
friends and visitors
required fluid interior
spaces. Summed up the
home is essentially three
overlapping levels: the
private domain of the
family (bedrooms and
breakfast room), the
shared spaces (family
room, kitchen, and dining spaces), and the public domain (lobby
and interior courtyard). A fourth level is the basement studio, which
also has a separate entrance.

•The house as a platform has been used to investigate two issues

central to design today: the family as a social unit and the
environment.
•The lifestyle of the Indian family has changed in the age of global
travel and internet media with new spatial needs and notions of
comfort.
•Often, local resources are at odds with shifts in lifestyle.
•The designers demonstrate that it is possible to meet challenges
of lifestyle and the environment with creative panache.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 38
 Environmental design plays an
integral role in achieving a
network of green and open
spaces. The house is imagined
as a porous object whereby air
movement and visual
connectivity permeate into the
built form. The planning,
orientation, structure and
materiality of the house
respond to the essential
BALCONY VERANDAH passive energy efficient
techniques suitable to the
Low-e glass, high thermal Delhi climate.
mass on the west side, a
double barrel vaulted roof
that lets light in and also
insulates the house, and
thermal buffers such as trees
in front of windows for shade
add up to drastically lower
than usual air-conditioning
loads.

The house sets about to create its own

terrain, a veritable oasis, within its
inscribed territory. The forecourt is
landscaped with gracious steps and pools.
Crisp clear planes are articulated with
materials: stone, wood, concrete which
are simply striated or set in interlocking
patterns.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 39
 They come alive when light hits the different horizontal
surfaces. Transparency is achieved by not only by glass, but a
combination of water, reflection, and modulated lighting. At
night the house appears magical, glowing like a lantern and
allowing glimpses of activity within.

This residence multitasks as a

house for three generations of
a family and their many
visitors, a busy workspace, and
on occasion a cultural hub.
The house can be identified by
overlapping spatial categories
split into three levels: the
private domain of the nuclear
family (bedrooms and
breakfast room), the shared
inter-generational spaces such
as the family room, kitchen
and dining areas, and the fluid
public domain of the lobby
and living spaces.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 40
The courtyard concept has been radically re-interpreted and
along with landscape, earth, daylight simulators and carbon-
dioxide sensors. There is an entire eco-system living and
growing in the heart of the house.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 41
C
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In today’s contemporary architecture period where landscaping
is also given utmost importance along with built structure;
interior landscaping – a part of landscaping should also be
adopted while designing.
With the outnumbering advantages of Interior Landscaping , it
is clear that it has a positive and beneficial impact to the
architecture .
Having a huge paved atrium never can be better than a
landscaped atrium which through that hundreds of thousands
of benefits can be brought into existence.
Nowadays if we have fresh air and environment outside of our
workplace why we don’t have it inside, beside our work to feel
that we are working in a naturally open landscaped space. By
bringing the outdoor landscape inside an building we are
creating relationship between man, nature and work.
Therefore, interior landscape plays an important role in today’s
architecture which insures freely human’s health. Which
increases work productivity and efficiency and give better
result for the living.

Interior landscape is enhancing the indoor environment by

making it more aesthetically pleasing and perceptually
stimulating. They not only provide natural health enhancing
benefits but play an important role in projecting a quality for
the specific building.

INTERIOR LANDSCAPE 42
T
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