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The Basic Unit of Living Matter

The basic unit of living matter is the cell. Robert Hooke first observed cells in thin slices of plants under a microscope in the 17th century. All living things are made up of one or more cells, which are the smallest units capable of independent function. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells through cell division. Organisms made of a single cell are unicellular, while multicellular organisms are made of many cell types that carry out specialized functions. Key structures of the cell include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plant and animal cells share many similarities but also have distinct features related to their functions.

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48 views

The Basic Unit of Living Matter

The basic unit of living matter is the cell. Robert Hooke first observed cells in thin slices of plants under a microscope in the 17th century. All living things are made up of one or more cells, which are the smallest units capable of independent function. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells through cell division. Organisms made of a single cell are unicellular, while multicellular organisms are made of many cell types that carry out specialized functions. Key structures of the cell include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plant and animal cells share many similarities but also have distinct features related to their functions.

Uploaded by

NawabK
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The basic Unit of living Matter

 About 330 years ago, Robert Hooke, an English


Scientist, observed box like shape when he
looked at thin slices of plants through his
microscope.
 He called them “Cells”

Onion Cells Human Cheek Cells


 Based on various observations under the
microscope, scientists have concluded that all
living things are made up of one or more tiny
living units known as cells.
 A cell is the basic unit of all living things. It is
the smallest part of the living thing which is
fully alive.
 Thousands of chemical reactions takes place in
a cell to keep an organism alive.
 All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
 Living things with just one cell are known as
Unicellular organisms.

Euglena Amoeba

Paramecium
 Most living things are multicellular, that is,
they are made up of more than one cell.
 Within a multicellular organism, there are
different types of cells which exist in various
shapes and sizes, but they all share several
common features.

Animal Cell Plant Cell


Organelle Function

Cell Membrane The thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell
membrane is semi permeable, allowing some substances to pass
 into the cell and blocking others.

Cytoplasm It is a jelly like substance that acts as an interior of the cell.

Nucleus It controls all the chemical reactions that take place in the cell,
hence it is also known as the “Control Centre”. Chromosomes
(DNA) are found in the nucleus.

Chromosomes They are thread like structures that store chemical instructions
(DNA) needed to build the cell, control its functions and determine its
structure. Chromosomes are passed down from one generation
to another. They are responsible for the inherited characteristics
of an Organism.
Organelle Function
Mitochondria Energy center or "powerhouse" of the cell. Turns food into
useable energy
 Golgi bodies Processes, packages and secretes proteins. Like a factory.

Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes, breaks things down, "suicide


sac"

Endoplasmic Transport, "intracellular highway". Ribosomes are


Reticulum positioned along the rough ER, protein made by the
ribosomes enter the ER for transport.

Ribosomes Make protein


Nucleolus Located inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes
Vacuoles Vacuoles in animal cells are tiny spaces containing air,
liquid or food particles found in the cytoplasm. These
vacuoles are small and numerous.
The properties and functions of the nucleus, chromosomes, cytoplasm and cell
membrane in a plant cell are similar to those in an animal cell. Below are the
distinctive parts of plant cell.

Organelle Function
Chloroplasts These are tiny disc-like structures containing a green substance
called chlorophyll. The chlorophyll absorbs energy from the sun
and uses it to make food through the process of photosynthesis.
Vacuole It is large and forms the biggest part of the plant cell. The vacuole
usually reduces the cytoplasm to a thin lining. In every plant cell,
there is usually one vacuole filled with cell sap.
Cell Sap This is a liquid containing dissolved substances such sugar and
salt. The cell sap keeps the cell firm by taking in water. If the cell
sap loses its water, the plant will wilt.
Starch Grains Stored Food in the form of starch grains are commonly found in
the cytoplasm.

Cell Wall It supports a plant cell , gives it a regular shape and holds it
together with other plant cells.
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Does it have chloroplasts? No Yes
Does it have a cell wall? No Yes
Vacuoles Small and numerous Big and one to a few in number
Cytoplasm Fill the cell Thin lining
Starch Grains Absent Usually Present

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